When the dust settles, 1
No matter how far the dust flies, it will eventually fall. The remote Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the top of the mysterious blood field, civilization and barbarism coexist. A long toast system, a powerful Miki family, a young fool and a desolate dream tell a dusty history.
On the beautiful plateau, the slightly bitter fragrance of poppy outweighs the fresh fragrance of grain. The plateau began to be hungry, but the Maggie family was strengthened by the weakness of other toast because of "I". Because the first person planted opium, the Maggie family became the strongest among the toast, and because the first person stopped planting opium, the Maggie family became the strongest among the strong. "I" also met the goddess in life? Tana, the daughter of toast who eclipses Snow Lotus, is the future female toast. Because of my stupidity, I hugged her, and because of my stupidity, she was far away from me, far away, until I finally got tired of chasing her and disappeared like dust.
The Lama who lost his tongue and regained it, but lost his tongue again because of me, is the enlightener in my life. The servant who died for my revenge, the numb executioner's second aunt, the custom of wild songs handed down from generation to generation in the plateau, cruel and primitive, so real.
I am full of curiosity and thirst for knowledge about all new things. I let the prosperity of business grow on barren land and let the toast rot in fireworks. I am a fool in the eyes of ordinary people, and I have done something that ordinary people can never do. I am a witness to the end of that era.
Here are a group of beautiful women whose fate swings like duckweed. The elegy of women during the reign of Tibetan Tusi was fully expressed here. Mother Zhuo, the servant girl, is my first mentor who loves the world. She made the years grow old in meanness. Tana, with the same name as my wife, is short and thin. She lives in ignorance. My beautiful wife, unfortunately, was a bargaining chip in exchange for food, and lost the deepest love on the road of courtship. My mother, Yang Zong, was also two unfortunate women, and their bodies were branded by that era.
The final outcome, like a repeat of my dream, changed the whole era and the whole family. I didn't become a toast until the end, but I became the last survivor of the whole family. Finally, revenge turned over my body, and I was stabbed in the abdomen by the released enemy, and blood spilled all over the bed. The red color was black in the sun. I'm dead, and so is the toast. Time is the best eliminator of history, a new chapter has been turned, and all the dust has settled!
After watching the dust settles II.
However, for Ah, writing about ethnic or ethnic rural life expresses his concern about Tibetan life, and also represents his pursuit of a certain uniqueness in literature, but it is not the whole of his literary pursuit.
The Dust Settles also tries to show a universal human feeling or consciousness, and tries to grasp the cultural secrets in the depths of history from the perspective of universal humanity. In this sense, the writing of Jia Rong's tribal history is only a historical "object" constructed by Alai, and seeking the secret of universal human history is Alai's main literary intention.
The understanding of power is a new channel to explore historical secrets when the dust settles. Loy realized that when human history developed to a certain stage, power began to become the axis of social life and dominated all human activities. The same is true of other nationalities and Jia Rong tribes in the world.
In The Dust Settles, Alai, according to his own understanding, shows the tension between power and knowledge in historical life by describing the relationship between Maggie Tusi and intellectuals such as monks and clerks. Chief McKee represents power, and the life logic he follows is to safeguard his inviolable authority.
Living Buddha or clerk Weng Boxi represents knowledge. They advocate historian consciousness, pay attention to "pen straightness", and dare to say and do. The contradiction between the two is inevitable. Although knowledge sometimes obeys power because of the real environment, the tension between the two seems to never end.
The reality is that the living Buddha of Jiga chose "silence" or submission under the powerful influence of Maggie Tusi, and even became a royal scholar. Weng Bo Yi was put into prison by Maggie's toast, and his "tongue" was cut off for speaking, and he was finally executed. Power has an absolute advantage over knowledge, and intellectuals fall into the purgatory of history.
Intellectuals have knowledge in national life and try to participate in the construction of history and culture, but they are bound by power. However, this kind of life ending of intellectuals not only means the tragedy of their own lives, but also means the absence of historical rationality, which reflects the overflow of power and its serious social harm. From this, it seems that people can hear Loy's deep call for the historical future.
After watching the dust settled 3
In the historical narrative of Dust Settled, the toast system is a plot hub or narrative center, which explains the main political life of Tibetan tribes in a specific historical period. Tusi system is a political appeasement policy adopted by China feudal dynasty to control ethnic minorities, which was widely implemented in southwest ethnic areas during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The main form of this policy is "governing the land with soil", and its purpose is to strengthen political rule in minority areas.
After Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government implemented the policy of "improving the soil and returning to the stream", and the southwest chieftain system tended to collapse on the whole. However, due to special cultural and historical factors, the remnants of the toast system in some places continued until the first half of the 20th century.
This is the case with the Jia Rong tribe represented by Maggie Tusi described in The Dust Settles. For Jia Rong tribe, the toast system is a special political system, which represents the specific state and culture of their political life in a specific historical period, which is fully reflected in Maggie's Toast Master.
Internally, he is a "chieftain conferred by the emperor to govern tens of thousands of people", with "five official seals issued by the Qing emperor", which is hereditary, governs "the territory of 360 miles from east to west and 410 miles from north to south" and "more than 300 corrals and more than 2,000 households", collects taxes from the people, has supreme power within the jurisdiction, and has its own official village, specialized executioners and people.
In this way, rulers, land or territory, people, internal political and economic systems, etc. , formed an entity of political life within the ethnic tribes. Externally, on the one hand, he absolutely obeyed the political rule of the central dynasty; on the other hand, he had contacts with Wang Bo, La Xueba, Rong Gong and other chieftains, and also had economic and cultural contacts with the Han people.
Tusi system has been popular in Jiarong tribe for hundreds of years, and it is a combination of national life and political life. As a political system, it reflects the complicated political and diplomatic relations among Tibetan tribes, within tribes and with the rulers of the Central Plains in a specific historical period, and also reflects the historical living conditions of the Tibetan nation to a great extent.
The Dust Settled not only describes the toast system, but also describes the cultural life of Jia Rong tribe in large quantities, revealing the unique Tibetan national culture in the expression of national thinking and psychological habits. Tibetans, like other ethnic minorities in China, are ethnic groups with their own national language and unique national cultural spirit in China, and have their own unique religious beliefs, psychological habits and emotional expressions.
The same is true of the Jia Rong tribe described in The Dust Settles, who live in the transitional zone between China and Tibet. Within Maggie Tusi, if Maggie Tusi is the symbol of Tusi's power, then Jiga Living Buddha, Menba Lama, and Secretary Weng Boyi are the carriers of Tibetan national cultural spirit.
Jiga Living Buddha is the monk of Democratic Ning Temple, and his body largely embodies the teachings of Tibetan Buddhism and unique religious beliefs. He respects Buddhism and is compassionate; Adhere to the redemption spirit of religion and oppose the Maggie Tusi species to curb the vicious expansion of people's secular desires, especially the upper-class rulers of the nation. When the powerful chieftain power hindered the spread of his teachings, especially when he had to compromise with secular power, his inner pain as a religious person can be imagined.
After watching the dust settled 4
The Dust Settled is an exciting novel, which translated the history of the last toast system from decline to end. There is not much reflection, but it leaves people with profound thinking and simple narration, but it seems to have infinite tension and contains infinite affection. As a whole, the novel shows a strange world. Like A Dream of Red Mansions, an independent and complete world intercepts a period of history of the Tusi system, and various tricks are staged here. Part of my concern is because we are mysterious and unfamiliar with this place to some extent.
First of all, the author: The author Alai is a Tibetan born in Jiarong. He chose the rise and fall of the Kangba Tusi family as the theme of his novel, so as to describe the local customs of Tibet and explain his cognition and thinking on Tibetan history and humanities. This also brought a strong plateau atmosphere to the dust settled.
Let's start with the topic: "The dust settles", which is really a good name. The flashy smoke cloud is only composed of thousands of dust, and when it disappears, it is the time when the dust settles. Everyone is floating dust, whether you are the toast or the son of the toast, whether you are a fool or a stunning beauty, no matter how important you play on the stage of life or history, for the whole vast human history, you are still a dust, at best, just a dust held high by the airflow. What is incredible is which kind of dust will meet which kind of dust. History is made up of such casual and unexpected arrangements.
Let's talk about the plot first: the novel tells a story that is not complicated, but ups and downs. The toast is one of the many toasts in Kangba. He and his wife Han gave birth to a son. The son is a fool but often tells the truth. After that, the old chief ignored the blocking of the living Buddha in Jiga, and became the most powerful king in the area with the quick and rich introduction of the Han Lord Huang. However, the magic flower poppy confuses people's hearts, and the gentleman is greedy for power. The old toast killed the loyal chief Chacha for Yang Zong's gold and silver. In order to stop the development of other toast, he launched the "poppy" war, which made the curse and witchcraft spread again in the territory of both sides. Famine in other tribes led the Maggie family with rich granaries to trade wheat and rice in the second year, and established border towns and tea-horse exchanges. In the heyday of this seemingly Mikey family, the red Han people came. With the sound of a cannon, the Tusi official village vanished, and the old system collapsed instantly. All the luxuries disappeared, leaving only the dead silence after the dust settled.
There are also characters: At the beginning of the story, Loy gave us the eyes of the second young master of toast. Those are unusually sharp and deep eyes. They "can see everything, not only today, but also tomorrow". It led us through time and space, land and nation, and let us witness the last illusion before the collapse of Kangba toast system, and witnessed the noise and turmoil of one era turning into another.
The second young master of the Mikey toast family has no name, and his parents call him a fool. My brother often pats him on the shoulder and calls him a "fool". When the wise man got angry, he shook his index finger and said, "What do you know, fool?" Some people even call him "Master Fool". Maybe a fool has no self-esteem, so this "master fool" admits that he is ridiculous, and claims to people that "I am the son of a Mackey family fool" .............................................................................................................................. However, the fool did several clever things unexpectedly. My brother suspected that he was "playing the fool" and said to the fool's brother before he died, "Do you know who I am most afraid of in this world? What I fear most is you. " Father was ecstatic about the fool's successful action and thought he was "smarter than a fool", but he shook his head and said, "After all, he is a fool." Is the second young master of McKee's family playing dumb? Or is it really stupid? Smart readers are skeptical, and they will sigh until the end of the novel. "Stupid, really stupid." After Mickey's toast died, his enemies tried to attack his fool, the second young master. The fool actually lay in bed, posing for the killer to kill him. When the dust settled, he died like this. Even fools are afraid of death, right? No one would have thought of such deadly "stupidity".
A lucky fool is actually laughing at the smart people around him with his wisdom, and a group of stupid smart people are also laughing at and forgiving a fool's wisdom. The relationship between people is only revolving between appreciation, ridicule and forgiveness. The decline of a family, the loss of a small kingdom, the end of an era and the beginning of another era are all taken for granted and accepted by a fool.
Only those who love him can hurt him, and those who hate him can't touch his pain at all. The combination of courage and luck with power and wealth makes him an open-minded and clever fool. What should come will come, and it's no use resisting. Those who should go will always go, and it's no use trying to keep them. So he is the luckiest person in this storm, and he is also the one with the least injury. Is this fatalism? Or an example of inaction?
Roy created a successful story and a successful character. After reading the novel, I feel that I am just a dust that can laugh, feel and think. "The Dust Settles" is sung with heart.
After watching the dust settled 5
A Lai, a young Tibetan writer, won the fifth Mao Dun Literature Prize for his novel The Dust Settled. Based on the rise and fall of the toast system in Aba, Sichuan in the 1940s, and from the perspective of the idiot son of the toast, this paper tells a wonderful and tortuous story of struggle, showing a mysterious and romantic Tibetan style.
Maggie Toast has two sons. This gentleman's wife is Tibetan. He is brave, clever and brave, and is regarded as the heir of the toast. The second young master was born after drinking by the Chinese wife who was robbed by the toast. He is born stupid and ignorant. He was excluded from the succession of power a long time ago. He hung around among maids and beggars all day and witnessed the joys and sorrows of slaves. Under the guidance of Huang, the Commissioner of the National Government, the toast planted poppies and sold opium all over the country. He quickly became rich, and quickly formed a powerful armed force and became the overlord of the toast. Seeing that Maggie's family became rich by opium, the rest of the toast tried their best to steal poppy seeds and sow them widely, but the silly young master of Maggie's family suddenly recommended planting wheat, so the green wheat seedlings of Maggie's family stubbornly grew in the sea of poppies all over the plateau. 198 There was a severe drought in the mainland, and no grain was harvested. However, the supply of opium exceeded demand, and the price plummeted, and no one cared. Aba area is shrouded in the shadow of famine and death. A large number of hungry people defected to Maggie's command, which made the territory and population of Maggie's family reach an unprecedented scale. The fool got Tana, the beautiful daughter of Ronggong, the female toast, and fell in love with her deeply. Just as the toast of all walks of life was sitting in the sad city and was in a desperate situation, he heard the good news that the second young master opened a warehouse to sell grain and made a fair deal. Toastmasters from all walks of life gathered in the official village of Second Young Master to raise a glass and celebrate each other. Soon a tent appeared next to the official village of the second young master, which contained restaurants, shops, pavilions, goulan and even a prostitute's spring building. Under the recommendation of Mr. Huang (then Commissioner Huang), the second young master gradually built a farewell message.
With the establishment of tax system and the opening of banks, the prototype of commercial market town with modern benefits appeared for the first time in the ancient and closed Aba area. When the second young master returned to the official village of Maggie Tusi, he was cheered like a hero. However, at the welcome meeting, he had the chilling and sinister eyes of a gentleman. A bloody incident about the right of inheritance within the family has quietly begun. Finally, in the rumbling sound of the People's Liberation Army suppressing the remnants of the Kuomintang, the official village of Maggie's family collapsed. Disputes and vendettas have disappeared, and the dust of the old world has finally settled.
After reading the novel, talk about dust first.
Desire is the root of these hatreds. Because of greed, Chief Maggie fell in love with Yang Zong, the wife of Chacha Tou, and became enemies with Chacha Tou. So he promised to give Dorje Tsering the position of "culprit" and let him kill Chacha Turen, but he broke his word and hung Dorje Tsering's body on the execution pillar, publicly saying that he would be the culprit and was executed. After Chief Miki became the embodiment of "justice", he unconsciously planted the seeds of hatred, and his two sons became his enemies. They finally killed two sons of Mickey Toast. Concise screen name
Because of greed, Toast Miki introduced opium, and in order to monopolize the huge benefits of opium cultivation, he made enemies with the surrounding toasts and launched the "poppy" war.
Because of the greed for power, even the most uncontroversial Gaji Living Buddha and Bamen Lama have become irreconcilable opponents in the struggle for the favor of Maggie Tusi and the religious rights in Tusi area.
The young fool wrote two famous sayings about hatred in one day. One is Weng Boyisi's "Why does religion teach us to hate instead of love", and the other is from the young executioner's second aunt: "The executioner will not be afraid, but the executioner will not." The executioner used his power to persecute and kill on behalf of the country. No matter how miserable and hateful the victim is, he will not hate him and he will not be afraid. It is not the executioner who is afraid of the executioner, but the state power standing behind him. The executioner is like a plague in the chiefdom. People always think they don't exist, and the executioner's family doesn't want to associate with others. But the second young fool became good friends with the executioner's son, who others dared not approach, and went to his house to see the shocking instruments of torture, with power standing behind him. Upstairs is the prisoner's clothes, which are covered with blood and condensed with hatred.
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