source
This couplet, referred to as "Attack on the Heart", was written by Zhao Fan, a native of Jianchuan, Yunnan Province, who stayed in Sichuan for a while in the 28th year of Guangxu in the late Qing Dynasty.
The meaning of uplication
If a man who fights can let the other side know his mistakes and know that his strength is far behind, and let him completely believe that he will not fight and dare not fight, then he will not make another mistake in the future.
"If you can make progress, you will be self-defeating, and you will know that the soldiers are not good at fighting; It is wrong not to judge the situation, and then we must think deeply. "
Literally,
People who can convince others by attacking their minds will naturally eliminate suspicious and half-hearted people. People who have known the way of fighting since ancient times do not like to use war to solve problems. People who can't assess the situation, regardless of temper justice with mercy, will make mistakes in dealing with political affairs, and those who govern Sichuan in future generations should think deeply.
A few words not only highly affirmed Zhuge Liang's ability to use troops and govern the country, but also summarized Zhuge Liang's experience in governing Shu from the dialectical relationship between peace and war and leniency.
This couplet is concise and perfect. It is not only the top grade of all couplets in Wuhou Temple, but also one of the few famous couplets in China. It is said that Mao Zedong appreciates this couplet very much. 1958 When he came to Wuhou Temple, he stopped to meditate for a long time in front of this couplet and pondered the meaning of the couplet repeatedly. Deng Xiaoping once praised Zhao Fan's Heart to Heart, which was well written and full of philosophy.
Make an appreciative comment
Let's read "Attack on the Heart" first. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Ma Su came to see me off when Zhuge Liang conquered Meng Huo in the south, and suggested: "The husband should use the way of fighting, attack the heart first, and attack the city next;" Psychological warfare is the top and military warfare is the bottom; I am willing to serve my heart. " These remarks originated from the paragraph "Therefore, it is a last resort to attack the army first, then attack the enemy, then attack the army and then attack the city". "Attack on the heart" and "psychological warfare" are the extension of Sun Tzu's theory of "breaking conspiracy" and "breaking friendship". The scope of "attack on the heart" and "psychological warfare" is wider, including intellectual planning, diplomatic means and national strategy. Zhuge Liang adopted the suggestion of "attacking the heart" Instead of simply winning by war, the rebellion of Meng Huo and others was persuaded.
Let's interpret "sizing up the situation" again. "Learning from the same experience" records that "Zhuge Liang is quite well prepared to govern Shu". Fa Zheng advised Zhuge Liang to follow the precedent of "three chapters of the law" when Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu, entered the customs, and "suspended execution, no entry". Zhuge Liang criticized that he only knew one thing and didn't know another. He told the law that no matter combining leniency with severity, it is necessary to "assess the situation" in order to determine the truth of what kind of strategy to implement in governing the country.
Zhuge Liang analyzed the "situation" in the early years of Shu Han in detail, and pointed out that the criminal law of Qin Dynasty was too harsh, and the people complained a lot, which led to the collapse of the world. Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, did exactly the opposite, and only Three Chapters of the Constitution made great achievements. However, when Liu Zhang ruled Yizhou, he was too weak and lenient, and the nobles in Shu acted arbitrarily, and there was no normal discipline between the monarch and the minister, which led to the collapse of his rule. The Shu-Han regime was established on this basis, and its foundation and situation were different from those of Emperor Gaozu. We must do the opposite with Liu Zhang, and "ruling Shu with martial arts" is the basis of consolidating the Shu-Han regime.
The two questions of "attacking the heart" and "sizing up the situation" are very enlightening and close to Zhuge Liang's life, giving people a warning and making people think.
arouse
We can neither blindly learn from Zhuge Liang's strict use nor blindly oppose Zhuge Liang's lenient use. But to examine the situation at that time, think carefully, and then decide whether to use strictness or leniency.
Brief introduction of the author
Zhao Fan is a famous politician, scholar, poet and calligrapher in the modern history of China. He participated in the Revolution of 1911 and the movement to protect the country and protect the law. He served as a member of the House of Representatives and the transportation minister of the Yugoslav military government. Zhao Fan wrote a lot in his life, especially poems. He wrote the famous Heart Disease Couplet in Wuhou Temple in Chengdu. Now the "No.1 couplet in the world" of Daguanlou in Kunming is its calligraphy. In his later years, he devoted himself to cultural undertakings and compiled books such as Yunnan Series until his death at the age of 76.