Shen Kuo was born into an official family in the first year of Song Dynasty (103 1). His father, Shen Zhou, was a magistrate in Quanzhou, Fujian, Kaifeng, Henan, Nanjing, Jiangsu and Chengdu, Sichuan, which gave Shen Kuo the opportunity to follow his father through many places in the country, and his knowledge was much wider than that of scholars confined to one place and one city. He has also read the Four Books and Five Classics, but he is different. In today's words, it attaches great importance to the creation of working people. At the Shen Kuo Memorial Hall, the reporter saw a record that when he and his father lived in Quanzhou, Fujian, they heard that there was a spring in Yanshan County, Jiangxi Province, which was not sweet, but bitter. Local villagers put bitter spring water into a pot, boiled it and got copper from Huang Cancan. He was very interested in this legend, so he came all the way to lead mountain county and saw the villagers "making copper with courage." This was recorded in a conversation in Mengbixi. This is the earliest record of copper smelting with bile water in China. The development of history proves that his records are correct and reliable. Originally, several streams in Qianshan County were not clear, but they were green and bitter. Local villagers call it "bile water", which is a sulfurous acid solution. The villagers put "bile water" in the iron pot, which was miserable. When it reacts with iron, it decomposes into copper and iron. Due to historical limitations, Shen Kuo could not clearly reveal the chemical principle of "copper hydrate from bile", but he had expounded the whole process of "copper smelting from bile" and recorded that there were large copper mines around lead mountain. His record is of great economic value. Looking north along the bile water in Qianshan County, he found a huge copper mine in Guixi County. This copper mine is now the mining area of Jiangxi Copper Company. At present, the annual output of electrolytic copper in Jiangxi Copper Company has reached 900,000 tons, ranking first in China and third in the world. The development of Jiangxi copper industry often reminds future generations of Shen Kuo's record of "Shui Ye copper with courage". China's earliest record of oil and oil exploitation also comes from Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan. It was the third year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (10). As the satrap of Yan 'an Prefecture in Shaanxi Province, he fought against the invasion of Xixia, the enemy of the northwest front. In the intense military life, he still did not forget to inspect the process of private oil exploitation. In Mengqianbitan, he recorded the existing state and exploitation process of oil. He wrote: "Yanzhou and Yanzhou have a kind of oil, which is fat water in Gaonu County, and fat water is oil. Oil is produced by the water. It came out intermittently. Local residents picked it up with pheasant tail hair and collected it in a crock. This oil is like varnish, lit like a torch, and has a strong smell of smoke, so the tent turns black when it is stained with soot. I guess this cigarette can be used, so I try to sweep its bituminous coal as ink, which is as shiny as black paint, even if it is loose ink. So I made a lot of them and marked them with words. It's called Yanchuan Shiyou. This kind of ink will be widely popular in the world in the future, starting with my production. " According to the existing historical data, he was the first person to use oil. He made ink from the smoke produced by the burning of oil. He also wrote a poem "Yanzhou Poetry", which described the magnificent scene of smoke and dust rolling in Yanzhou oil exploitation: "There is much snow in Erlang Mountain, and learning is fascinating." Stone smoke is more like Luoyang dust. "Shen Kuo was the first to put forward the word" oil ",Shen Kuo was the first to describe the form and mining process of oil, and Shen Kuo was the first to use lampblack instead of pine smoke as ink. His Yanzhou Petroleum has now formed the famous Changqing Oilfield in China, with an annual output of 20 million tons, accounting for about one tenth of the country's total, and it is an important energy base in China.