John? Wolfgang? Feng? Goethe (johann wolfgang von goethe,1August 28, 749? 1March 22, 832), born in Frankfurt am Main, is a famous German thinker, writer and scientist. He is the most famous representative of Weimar classicism. As the creator of poetry, drama and prose, he is one of the greatest writers in Germany and an outstanding and brilliant figure in the field of world literature. 1773, he wrote a play "Gotz? Feng? "Berlichenken" became famous in German literary circles. Young Werther was published on 1774, which made him famous.
Goethe pointed out:? Art should speak to the world through a complete whole. But this wholeness is not something he can find in nature, but the result of his own thoughts, or rather, the result of a productive sacred spirit. ? So-called? He zhi? Refers to the artist's feelings, thoughts, wisdom, temperament, will, desire, etc. That is, the artist's subjective spiritual world. In the process of artistic processing of materials provided by the world, artists will inevitably? Perfusion? With your own subjective consciousness. Real art? It is a kind of spiritual creation, in which part and whole are cast from the same spiritual melting pot and are proud of the breath of life. ? Everything in works of art is nurtured by artists with the milk of their own lives. Goethe pointed out that the ancient Greek tragedian? All the characters in Sophocles' works show the noble mind of the great poet? ,? Shakespeare's plays are all from the heart? Shakespeare is a great psychologist. From his plays, we can learn to understand human thoughts and feelings. ? The same is true of Goethe's own creation. When talking about the experience of writing Young Werther, Goethe said? Like Quepeng, I cultivated that work with my own efforts. There are many things from my own mind, many feelings and ideas, enough to write a novel ten times longer than this book. ? As for Faust, he said: not only is Faust's gloomy and naive attempt, but also the devil's contemptuous attitude and bitter irony represent an integral part of my own personality. ? Goethe even called tasso? This play is the bone of my bones and the flesh of my flesh. ? It is precisely because of the artist's anger that the subjective mind and objective life are integrated, thus making the works of art become a kind of? Second, nature. ?
Third, art should obey? Higher intentions? . So-called? Higher intentions? , refers to the unique will of people as social people, that is, moral will. The morality understood by Goethe is not narrow, but shows the spiritual essence or sociality of human beings, which is the opposite of pure nature. He pointed out: If there is no moral relationship between real things, we call them ordinary things. Plastic arts involve visible things, which are external phenomena of natural things. What is purely natural, as long as it is morally pleasing at the same time, is called simplicity, so the simple object is in the art field. ? Say it again: Art should be the moral expression of natural things. Objects that involve both nature and morality are most suitable for art? Goethe believes that artists should have great personality when they are engaged in creation. Excellent artist? They look at nature with great personality. ? However,? We old-school artists don't understand this truth. They imitate nature with their weak character and artistic incompetence, and think they have achieved something. In fact, they are lower than nature. Whoever wants to make great works must improve his cultural education, let himself rise to the height of his spirit like the Greeks, and realize what is only a certain trend in natural phenomena because of internal weaknesses or external obstacles. ? In Goethe's view, Greek artists can achieve it even by depicting animals? Not only marvel at nature, but also surpass it? This situation is because they can? Raise the trivial practical essence to your own spiritual height? . Visible,? The key lies in what kind of people can make what kind of works. ?
In a word, Goethe's thought that artists are both slaves and masters of nature profoundly reveals the dialectical relationship of the unity of opposites between subjective and objective in artistic creation, which not only opposes negative romanticism, but also draws a clear line with naturalism. This is the essence of Goethe's realistic literary thought and his outstanding historical contribution to the development of realistic theory.
Goethe is the most famous representative of Weimar classicism. This paper sorts out some famous aphorisms about Goethe.
One of Goethe's famous sayings:
? Nothing shows a person's character better than what he laughs at.
? Worst of all, people's lives are often hindered by wrong ambitions without knowing it. Only when they get rid of those obstacles can they understand it.
? In my heart, birds fly to the sky.
? The three elements that dominate the world are wisdom, talent and strength!
? Smart people and fools are harmless, but the most dangerous thing is that they are both smart and stupid.
? The final conclusion of wisdom is that life or freedom must be fought for every day so that you can enjoy it.
? Wisdom can only be found in truth.
? Ambition and love are the wings of great behavior.
? Only a great personality has a great style.
? Only those who have real talent and practical knowledge, know their own strength and are good at using their own strength properly and cautiously can succeed in secular affairs.
? As long as we can make good use of time, we will never worry about lack of time.
? The history of knowledge is like a great polyphonic music, in which the voices of all ethnic groups come and go.
? Make good use of time! What do you want to know? Don't go too far.
? Truth belongs to mankind, while fallacy belongs to the times.
? Truth is a torch, and it is a great torch, so it is difficult for us to open our eyes when we try to walk through it for fear of being burned by it.
? This kind of power ruled the world earlier, more generally and more definitely. This is the power of love!
? If there is no love in this world, what will it mean in our hearts! It's like a lantern without light.
? Hatred is positive unhappiness, and jealousy is negative unhappiness. So it is not surprising that jealousy can easily turn into hatred.
? Responsibility is to love what you ask to do.
? There is a long time between today and tomorrow; Learn to do things quickly while you are still full of energy.
? There is an innate courtesy, which is related to love. It will produce the most pleasant behavior on the appearance of behavior.
? Musicians must constantly reflect on themselves and cultivate the deepest things in their hearts in order to turn themselves to the outside world.