Mianyang, located in the northwest of Sichuan Basin, has a long history, beautiful mountains and rivers, outstanding people and rich cultural relics. There are five national key cultural relics protection units, seven provincial cultural relics protection units 17, nine municipal cultural relics protection units 19, 209 county-level cultural relics protection units, more than 3,500 cultural relics protection sites and four provincial historical and cultural cities (jiangyou city, Mianyang and Mianyang are rich in tourism resources and have great development potential. There are three national scenic spots-Doulie Mountain Scenic Spot, Qiqu Mountain Scenic Spot and Jianmen Shudao Scenic Spot, two forest parks-Yanting Alpine Forest Park and Qiqu Mountain Forest Park, and one national nature reserve-Wang Lang Nature Reserve. There are eco-tourism represented by Wang Lang Nature Reserve, Qianfo Mountain, Luofu Mountain, Doukuangshan, Xiaozhaizigou, Ape King Cave and Hai Xian Scenic Area, Three Kingdoms Heritage Scenic Area represented by Fule Mountain and Zitong Damiao Mountain, and engineering tourism represented by Science and Technology Exhibition Hall of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the largest wind tunnel group in Asia, Changhong Business Center and the "two bombs and one satellite" science and technology museum under construction. In addition to the developed cultural relics tourism resources, Mianyang also has a large number of cultural relics tourism resources for further development and utilization, such as Santai Yongjiang and Jiangyou Qinglinkou ancient town buildings, mysterious Baima Tibetan and Qiang folk culture, religious culture, Leizu hometown, Dayu hometown, Red Army Long March Road, Jinniu ancient road, Jiangyou Laojunshan ancient cave site and so on.
First, the advantages of Mianyang cultural relics tourism resources
Tourism resources can be roughly divided into two categories: natural resources and human resources. Humanistic resources include archaeology, historical and cultural sites, folk cultural relics, national customs, museums, cultural relics and ancient buildings, arts and crafts, theme parks and so on.
According to statistics, there are 56 scenic spots in the city, and the tourist routes include "high-tech tourist routes", "eco-tourist routes", "transit tourist routes around Jiuzhai", "Three Kingdoms cultural tourist routes" and "conference business holiday tourist routes". The four excellent routes are: 1. Technological and cultural tourism in Mianyang Science and Technology City; 2. Mianyang-Taibai Hometown-Ape King Cave-Hongji-Baima Tibetan Shanzhai-National Nature Reserve Wang Lang-Huya Scenic Area Ethnic Ecological Tourism Line; The third is Mianyang-Li Bai's hometown-Wudu Reservoir-Doutuanshan-Qianyuanshan cultural tourism line; Fourth, Mianyang-National Sponge Reef Geopark-Baishui Lake-Qianfo Mountain-Luofo Mountain Hot Spring-Qiangwangcheng Leisure Bathing and Fitness Tour Route; Article 5 is the Mianyang-Santai Qin Quan Temple-yuntaiguan-Qi Jianhan Tombs-Qijiang Ancient Town Cultural Relics Tourism Line. Among these tourist routes, there are 26 scenic spots directly related to cultural relics, accounting for 46.43%. As can be seen from the above tourist routes, ancient cultural sites and ancient buildings occupy an important position in the cultural relics tourism in our city.
Among the 250 cultural relics protection units in our city, there are 27 ancient buildings/KLOC-0, accounting for 50.8% of the total. Four of the five national key cultural relics protection units are ancient buildings, and all of them have been opened to the outside world, which has played an extremely important and irreplaceable role in cultural relics tourism in our city and greatly promoted the development of local tourism economy.
1, policy environment and historical development opportunities.
(1) The state regards tourism as a new economic growth point. The central and western provinces are the new bases for China's tourism development in this century. The National Tourism Administration has decided to take Sichuan as the key area of natural eco-tourism. At the same time, the implementation of the national policy of expanding infrastructure construction and tilting towards the central and western regions has provided good external conditions and rare opportunities for our province to accelerate the development of cultural relics tourism.
(2) The provincial party committee, the provincial government, the municipal party committee and the municipal government attach great importance to it, so as to consolidate and strengthen the position of tourism as a pillar industry. "To develop tourism, culture is the soul. The combination of ecology and culture is a major feature of Sichuan tourism. It is necessary to combine red tourism with green ecology, history and culture, folk culture and national customs, and create a number of tourist cultural products that are well-known at home and abroad and have great attraction and appeal. First, we must do a good job in the development of red tourism resources. Second, we should enrich the cultural connotation of tourist attractions. Third, we must improve the cultural taste of tourism products. " Make Mianyang's tourism industry a pillar industry and form a first-class tourist destination, business exhibition and leisure and holiday center in Mianyang. Actively develop urban engineering tourism, red tourism, historical and cultural tourism, natural ecological tourism, ethnic customs tourism and leisure and holiday tourism in accordance with the idea of "integrating resources, separating steps, overall operation and external consistency". It is necessary to focus on building the urban landscape of science and technology city, the "two bombs and one satellite" science and technology museum, Li Bai's hometown, Qiqu Mountain, the capital of hot springs, Xiqiang Ape King Cave and other fine tourist attractions. The provincial party committee and government made overall arrangements for the development of cultural tourism in our province during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, and the municipal party committee and government put forward clear requirements for the development of cultural tourism in our city, which provided a rare historical opportunity and policy environment for the development of cultural tourism in our city.
2. The improvement of infrastructure has promoted the development of cultural relics tourism.
Since the reform and opening up, tourism as a new growth point of the national economy has become a consensus. Especially in recent years, by vigorously strengthening the construction of tourism infrastructure, the city's tourism reception capacity has been rapidly improved. During this period, governments at all levels in the city attached great importance to the development of tourism, earnestly strengthened leadership and invested a lot of money. In particular, cultural units, tourism units and relevant departments have also taken effective measures and done a lot of work to implement the work of cultural relics tourism, and through strengthening training, the level of tourism reception centered on service quality has reached a new level. Such as Mian (Yang) Yan (Pavilion) Road, Mian (Yang) An (County) North (Sichuan) Road, San (Taiwan) Yan (Pavilion) Road, San (Taiwan) She (Hong) Road, Yan (Pavilion) South (Department) Road and Ping (Wu) Song (Pan) City. Three stars; 22 two-star families. ), the city's tourist accommodation beds 1 1,000. The gradual improvement of related service industries has greatly facilitated the travel of tourists, improved the reception capacity and promoted the development of cultural relics tourism.
3. The maintenance, protection and environmental improvement of cultural relics protection units by cultural relics departments have promoted the development of cultural relics tourism.
Since 1999, our city has successively completed the maintenance and protection projects of cultural relics protection units such as Pingwu Hongji, Zitong Temple, Jiangyou Yunyan Temple and Santaiya Tomb with national and provincial cultural relics protection special funds and local matching funds, with an investment of more than100000 yuan. For example, Pingwu Acer relocated the lighting stadium and transformed Acer's basic supporting facilities; Zitong Qiqushan Temple invested millions of yuan, and carried out road, greening, network management and other reconstruction projects for Qiqushan Temple, which greatly improved the greening, beautification and lighting of the scenic spot, allowing tourists to watch and visit in a quiet and beautiful environment. The protection, maintenance and environmental improvement of cultural relics not only effectively protect and rationally use cultural relics, but also promote the development of local economy. With the further deepening of reform and opening up, the protection and utilization of cultural relics in our city will also reach a new level, which will play an important role in promoting Mianyang's economic development.
The sustained and rapid economic growth and the continuous improvement of people's living standards will strongly support the rapid development of tourism.
In 2004, the per capita disposable income of Mianyang urban residents reached 7708 yuan, with an average annual increase of 6.6%; The per capita net income of farmers increased to 2902 yuan, with an average annual increase of 6.8%. The people's income level has been greatly improved year by year, and the living standard has been continuously improved, which has brought about positive changes in people's consumption concept and consumption structure. A new round of consumer demand has quietly started, which makes the tourism market very hot and the tourism income shows a trend of substantial growth year by year. In recent years, the overall development momentum of cultural relics tourism in our city has increased year by year.
People's pursuit of healthy and fashionable life and the increase of leisure time provide impetus for the development of cultural relics tourism.
Tourism consumption is actually the consumption of discretionary time, and leisure time, especially continuous discretionary time, is the condition for realizing tourism demand. China began to implement the weekend system on 1 May, 19951. In June 2000, the General Office of the State Council forwarded the Notice of Several Opinions on Further Developing Holiday Tourism from the National Tourism Administration and other departments, clearly stating that there are three golden weeks in a year and the paid vacation system for working-class people now, which provides people with more leisure time. Based on the average length of service of 20 years (14 days of paid vacation), 130 days of rest (including three golden weeks) is 365 days a year, accounting for one third of the days in a year; In particular, the introduction of the Golden Week system provides time guarantee for people to explore seclusion, sightseeing and leisure vacation. With the improvement of people's economic income and the change of ideas, more and more people begin to love tourism and advocate healthy and fashionable tourism. The implementation of the weekend and Golden Week system has changed the way of life of the people in China to some extent, met the growing demand of the people to pursue a healthy and fashionable life, met the demand of the people to pursue a spiritual and cultural life, and provided impetus for the development of cultural relics tourism.
6. Red tourism is valued.
At the end of 2004, the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Outline of National Red Tourism Development Plan 2004-20 10. In late February 2005, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Tourism Administration organized a "National Conference on Developing Red Tourism" to study and deploy related work. The important purpose of developing red tourism is to integrate ideological and moral education into cultural entertainment and sightseeing under the premise of fully protecting the revolutionary historical and cultural heritage, and to educate the broad masses of people, especially teenagers, in a form that the masses like to see and hear, so as to promote the social and economic development of the old revolutionary areas. 1In April, 935, Xu, Li Xiannian and Xu led the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army northward to fight against Japan, passing Jiangyou, Beichuan and Anxian, fighting bloody battles and writing brilliant poems. During their stay in Jiangyou, Beichuan and Anxian, the Red Army successively established Soviet political power, party organizations and league organizations, and mobilized the masses to carry out the revolutionary movement of fighting local tyrants and distributing fields, leaving behind a large number of revolutionary cultural relics. These revolutionary cultural relics are precious material evidence of China's revolutionary cause and important teaching materials of socialist spiritual civilization education, which play an important role in carrying out revolutionary tradition education and patriotism education, inspiring national spirit and promoting the construction of spiritual civilization and material civilization. It is of great significance to develop red tourism.
Second, the role of cultural relics tourism in the tourism economy
Tourism economy includes accommodation, transportation, shopping, post and telecommunications, resource development, culture and education in tourist areas. It constitutes a highly comprehensive and open economy with both economic and social influences, and its huge comprehensive benefits to the social economy begin to appear. As an important carrier of tourism, cultural relics will effectively promote the development of local economy while developing cultural relics tourism.
1. Heritage tourism has promoted Mianyang's economic development and become a new economic growth point.
Since the reform and opening up, dozens of cultural sites and cultural landscapes have been restored and rebuilt in our city, the infrastructure of cultural relics tourism has been improved, the development and protection of cultural relics tourism resources have been further valued, and the soft environment has been gradually optimized. The province has initially formed a cultural tourism pattern in which natural scenery, cultural landscape and folk customs complement each other. According to statistics, in the Golden Week of "Eleventh" in 2005, the income of Zitong Qiqushan Temple and Heping Wuhongji alone reached 6.5438+0.07 million yuan, which shows the important position of cultural relics tourism in tourism. The development of cultural relics tourism promotes economic prosperity, which not only increases Mianyang's income, but also brings development opportunities to Mianyang's transportation, communication, hotels and other related industries.
According to the data of the World Tourism Organization, the direct income of tourism is 1 yuan, and the income of related industries can be increased by 4 13 yuan; For every 1 employee in tourism, the society can increase five employment opportunities. At the same time, the added value of tourism in a narrow sense of 6.5438+0 million yuan can increase GDP by 4.65438+0.4 million yuan. From this point of view, the cultural relics tourism industry is playing an increasingly important role in stimulating the growth of Mianyang's GDP. The excavation and development of cultural relics tourist attractions provide Mianyang tourism with a steady stream of high-quality tourism resources. Among the four boutique tourist routes launched by our city, two are directly related to cultural relics tourism resources, namely Mianyang-Taibai Hometown-Ape King Cave-Hongji-Baima Tibetan Village-Wang Lang-Huya National Nature Reserve, Mianyang-Libai Hometown-Wudu Reservoir-Doutuanshan-Qianyuanshan Cultural Relics Tourism Line. The survey shows that inbound tourists are most interested in China's tourism resources in three parts, two of which are cultural tourism resources, namely cultural relics and folk customs, accounting for 44% and 34.4% respectively. It can be seen that cultural tourism resources play an important role in the whole tourism economy. It can be said that the advantages and vigorous development of Mianyang's heritage tourism have promoted the economic development of our city and become a new economic growth point, playing an increasingly important role in the ecological environment, infrastructure construction and economic restructuring, injecting a strong impetus into Mianyang's development into a strong tourist city and becoming a real pillar industry for tourism and Mianyang's overall economic development.
2. Cultural tourism has promoted the improvement of bad cultural environment and the overall progress of society.
In recent years, Mianyang has invested a lot of money in cultural relics tourism projects and made great efforts to improve the environment. Not only have a number of representative cultural relics tourist attractions been repaired, but also a number of new cultural relics tourist attractions have been opened, making historical culture, religious culture and folk culture shine in the emerging tourism industry. Qiqushan Temple in Zitong invested millions of yuan to improve the environment, and invested 6,543.8+0,000 yuan every year to carry out effective three-dimensional publicity for the temple, and successively carried out cultural performances with folk appreciation value such as "Wenchang Sacrifice" and "Cave Classic Music Performance". Successfully held the "First China Wenchang Culture and Folk Art Festival and Tourism Fair" and the "Qiqushan Temple Fair in Zitong County1060th" Hoonji, Pingwu Light Transfer Field, transformed the basic supporting facilities of Hongji, rebuilt and expanded the fire exits around Hongji and the surrounding environmental sanitation, as well as Anxian Sister Bridge and Jiangyou Laojunshan Ancient Nitrate Cave Site, which are being declared as national key cultural relics protection units. The development of cultural relics tourism resources in the county has greatly improved the local popularity, established a regional image, promoted investment attraction, improved the civilized quality of the masses and the concept of commodity economy, promoted the overall progress of the local society, formed an organic whole of cultural relics resources utilization and environmental protection, and laid a solid foundation for the sustainable development of Mianyang tourism.
3. Heritage tourism protects and develops culture with national characteristics.
With the development of cultural relics tourism, some forgotten traditional customs and cultural activities in some areas have been developed, restored and promoted, traditional handicrafts, music, dance, drama and sports have been valued and excavated, and historical buildings that have long been on the verge of extinction have been maintained and managed. These cultural heritages have been reborn as unique local cultural resources, which not only attract foreign tourists to travel and increase their income, but also carry forward the local national traditional culture. For example, Zitong County held the National Wenchang Culture Research Association, actively excavated and sorted out the Wenchang Dongjing music formed by the performance of Wenchang Dadong Jing Xian, and made every effort to create the "root" image of Dongjing music; The Yuqiang Museum built in Beichuan County not only studies, publicizes and protects Yuqiang national culture, but also is the highlight of Beichuan cultural relics and ethnic folk culture tourism.
4. National key cultural relics protection units have played an extremely important role in Mianyang cultural relics tourism.
By 2000, there were 38 national key cultural relics protection units in Sichuan province and 5 in our city, accounting for 13. 15% of the total in Sichuan. These five national key cultural relics protection units have all been opened to the outside world as cultural relics tourist attractions. They are Mianyang Hanque, Zitong Qiqushan Temple, Pingwu Honghu, Jiangyou Doulishan and Santai Jiangya Tombs. These five national key cultural relics protection units have played a unique role in promoting the development of Mianyang tourism economy. Since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the cultural relics department has adhered to the policy of "protection first, rescue first, rational utilization and strengthening management". On the premise of increasing the maintenance of cultural relics and ensuring the safety of cultural relics, we have earnestly explored the rational use of cultural relics, and invested more than 50 million yuan successively to build and open more than 10 cultural relics scenic spots. The ticket revenue of cultural relics scenic spots in the city has exceeded150,000 yuan, attracting tourists. For example, Zitong County relies on temples to build a tourism economic development zone. By exploring Wenchang culture and increasing publicity, remarkable achievements have been made in the protection and rational utilization of temple cultural relics, which not only gives full play to the social benefits of cultural relics, but also promotes the vigorous development of tourism economy and forms a virtuous circle of cultural relics protection and utilization.
3. Sustainable utilization of cultural relics.
The characteristics of cultural relics determine the implementation of sustainable development strategy in the protection and utilization of cultural relics. Cultural relics are relics and remains left over from the development of human history. As a survivor of similar items in the long river of historical relics, it can be said that it is the rest of my life. Cultural relics are different from ordinary tourism resources, which are fragile and non-renewable. Most cultural relics have experienced a certain historical period, long-term natural erosion and man-made destruction. They are fragile and easily damaged materials. If they want to be preserved for a long time, they need our careful care and can't stand the artificial toss and natural erosion. Cultural relics are the products of human activities in a certain historical period, including social politics, economy, culture, customs and many other aspects at that time to varying degrees. Because of this, we say that cultural relics are a carrier of historical information, with profound historical and cultural connotations and important historical, artistic and scientific values. For present and future generations, it is a valuable cultural wealth, and its value is mainly reflected in people's research, education and appreciation. Comparatively speaking, its economic value as a tourist resource is secondary. The historicity of cultural relics determines their uniqueness, irreproducibility and irreplaceability. Cultural relics are the heritage of historical relics. Every monument and cultural relic has its specific historical and social background, which contains specific cultural connotations and historical information. Only in this way, the loss of cultural relics is an absolute loss. When something is damaged, it will be lost forever, and a physical data bearing historical information will be lost forever, which will lead to the irreversible loss of cultural heritage. Therefore, cultural relics are even more precious.
Therefore, when dealing with the relationship between cultural relics protection and tourism development and utilization, we must establish the idea of sustainable development, that is, giving priority to protection and rational development and utilization; Give priority to long-term interests, give full play to the lasting role of cultural relics, and never get quick success and instant benefit. Focus on the interests of the country and the whole nation, not just local interests and group interests; Give full play to the social benefits of cultural relics, rather than simply pursuing economic interests.
As the main carrier of tourism, cultural relics are rich in cultural connotations and full of information of the past years. They have been preserved to this day and become the witness of history. Its value and function can not be replaced by anything else, and it can neither be regenerated nor copied. The development of cultural relics tourism must adhere to the principle of "protection first, rescue first, rational utilization and strengthening management". Rational utilization of cultural relics resources under the premise of effective protection can make a place full of magic and charm and develop tourism. Through the development of tourism, we can deepen people's understanding of local cultural relics, so as to give full play to the practical social education function of cultural relics, enhance people's awareness of cultural relics protection and improve people's enthusiasm for protecting cultural relics. Therefore, we should adopt a positive attitude of protection, make scientific planning, make rational use of cultural relics resources and develop cultural relics tourism sustainably.