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Li Si, First Prime Minister of Daqin
At the beginning of Qin Dynasty, Li Si visited Lv Buwei's house. Lv Buwei was the most beautiful businessman in the Qin Dynasty at this time, and he was very speculative politically, and his relationship with Empress Dowager Zhao was even more popular. Reese himself was born in poverty and was a disciple of Xunzi. After he finished his studies, he was determined to live a noble life, so he seized every opportunity.

He was smart, diligent and pragmatic, and was soon discovered by Lv Buwei as a good prospect. Just after Ying Zheng ascended the throne at the age of thirteen, Lv Buwei arranged Reese beside Ying Zheng. Although Ying Zheng is only a teenager, he is observant and tolerant, but his wings are not yet full, and he needs advice, so Reese came at the right time.

Lv Buwei is not only in charge of state affairs, but also knows what he and Empress Zhao did in the harem. With the growth of Ying Zheng, Lv Buwei wants to gradually withdraw from this troublesome place. Guan Zhong's position made him more and more afraid, so he recommended a leader named Lao Ai to Queen Zhao.

This old Ai claimed to be a fake father and had two sons with Queen Zhao. In order to hide their eyes and ears, they have been living in the detached palace outside. With the majesty of the queen mother, the team gradually expanded and began to expand. I once quarreled with a minister at a banquet and shouted, "I am the fake father of the emperor, how dare you provoke me!" " ",the minister told Ying Zheng afterwards, Ying Zheng took the opportunity to send someone to detached palace to listen to the actual situation, LaoYi gaffes first, he was ready to lead the army to revolt.

Ying Zheng with great vision.

In 238 BC, Ying Zheng defeated Ai in one fell swoop, cracked his car and killed his second son. Lv Buwei was terrified out of his wits, and his political relationship with Ying Zheng for many years finally ended. He was exiled to Bashu, but many guests from the vassal countries did not forget him, and there was always traffic in front of his house.

Ying Zheng hated his guts and wrote him a letter saying, "What contribution have you made to the State of Qin? Qin granted you 100,000 households in Henan. What is your blood relationship with the king of Qin, and you call yourself Guan Zhong? " Lv Buwei felt a chill when he saw this. The one who should come will come sooner or later. For people's safety, Lv Buwei gulped down this poisoned wine.

When you get along with your partner and share the same world view, you will appreciate each other. Ying Zheng thought about how Qin annexed other vassal states, but in the final analysis, these wars were all comprehensive national strength, the country's rapid rise, and sufficient troops and grain reserves needed long-term layout. Li Si's legalist thought can not only educate the people, but also restrain them. In wartime, they were soldiers who put on armor and rushed to supplement their troops. Taking a break in leisure time, farming at home to prepare food for the country, mutual supervision and exposure among neighbors have turned ordinary people into valuable resources. These rules were formulated from the strategy of Legalists, so Qin made a good economic reserve in a short time and laid a solid foundation for its rapid rise in the future.

Born in hardship, Reese is very eager for power and wealth, and is far more concerned and eager for opportunities than others. With the continuous development of the Qin dynasty, Reese saw the opportunity to destroy the six countries. He said to the king of Qin, "Those who achieve great things must not miss the good opportunity." "Destroy Korea and fear other countries first, and the great cause of the six countries can be achieved!" This was in line with Ying Zheng's wishes, so he sent Reese as a long history and alienated the six countries according to Reese's strategy. With the efforts of Reese, the interior of the six countries began to be gradually destroyed.

Reese's alienation strategy is simple and rude. He tried to buy off influential people around the world. Greedy people are quickly bought off with heavy money, while kind people are killed by traps. The strategy of alienating vassal States is actually an attack on ideas. The fragile relationship that was vulnerable to attack collapsed in an instant, and the power of the six kings was weakened to no one. Reese's tactics helped Ying Zheng make a great contribution to the war against the six countries.

Abolish enfeoffment and open the era of county system

At the age of 39, Ying Zheng finally achieved the great cause of reunification. In order to show his contribution, he called himself the Yellow Emperor, representing the virtues of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors. After reunification, the first important thing is to determine the system. Ministers began to disagree on this issue. At that time, Wang Wan proposed the enfeoffment system, and many ministers echoed it. At that time, it seemed that everyone was familiar with the system, but Reese strongly disagreed. At loggerheads, Ying Zheng listened quietly.

Li Si declaimed: "The enfeoffment system led to the disintegration of the state power, which was also the fundamental reason for the demise of the Zhou Dynasty. Daqin has just completed reunification, how can he go back? The blood of the soldiers killed in Qin did not flow in vain! " . Then, Reese put forward his political ideas, which influenced China for two thousand years, that is, the county system. Ying Zheng was an enlightened emperor. He carefully analyzed the pros and cons and finally supported Reese. He divided the whole country into 36 counties, and the counties below the county level are conducive to national unity and security.

Unified writing

In 22 1 year BC, after Qin unified the six countries, the post of Prime Minister was established. Wang Wan was originally the prime minister's choice, but because he supported the enfeoffment system, Li Si put forward a new idea of county system, which opened a new era. Reese naturally became the first prime minister after Qin's reunification.

After the unification of the six countries, the ancient Chinese characters used in different countries are not unified, and the writing is more diverse, which has caused obstacles in communication. Li Si put forward the suggestion of "using homophones in books". Qin Shihuang was an enterprising emperor, so Li Si arranged it.

Reese is not only a politician, but also a calligrapher. He proposed to ban the ancient characters of the vassal States first and use the seal script of Qin State in a unified way. In order to promote the use of seal script, Lisi personally created Seven Chapters of Cang Xie as a learning model for Chinese people to copy and learn. Soon after, Lisi optimized the seal script and adopted a simpler and more beautiful font as the national standard font.

From then on, official script began to flourish, and it was not until the popularity of regular script in Wei and Jin Dynasties that it was replaced. Lishu bears an indelible contribution in history, and behind it is Li Si's contribution.

Unified measurement

Similarly, the trade between vassal States was anxious because of the confusion of weights and measures. Reese suggested "inch, foot, foot" as the unit of length and decimal counting method. In terms of measurement, the unit is "combination, liter, bucket and barrel", and the decimal system is also adopted. The weights and measures system adopts "baht, liang, jin, jun and stone" as the unit, with 24 baht as one liang, 16 as one jin, 30 jin as one jun and four jun as one stone. After the weights and measures were set, in order to effectively unify the standards, Reese re-formulated unified documents, unified laws and policies, and ensured the unity from system to practice.

For two thousand years, this measurement method has continued, and even it is occasionally used in today's life. For example, the word "short weight and short weight" is familiar to everyone.

Unified currency

In terms of economy and trade, Li Si proposed to Qin Shihuang that a key point that must be reformed is to unify the currency. There are also many problems in the currencies of the six countries except Qin, and this move is still a stroke of genius in today's economic field.

Money is based on gold and the unit is easy. Twenty-four taels and a half taels of copper are used as the next coin. 10,000 copper coins are equivalent to one Iranian gold. It is also forbidden to use pearls, jade, turtles, shellfish, silver, tin, etc. as decorations and treasures, let alone as money. At the same time, it is stipulated that the right to coin money belongs to the state, and private individuals are not allowed to coin money, and offenders are convicted.

In coin casting, Reese also proposed that the round hole is half square, which is not only convenient to use, but also very convenient to carry with a rope. It was used all the time from Daqin to Qing Dynasty.

Build a highway

Qin Shihuang's greatest hobby is traveling. He has been to many counties, the territory of Daqin, east to the sea and North Korea, west to Lintao and Zhong Qiang, south to people in the north, north to rivers, and Yinshan to Liaodong. Traffic arteries are the key to ensure the smooth implementation of government decrees. Reese began to build Chidao, an imperial road specially built for the Emperor, which was a thoroughfare between counties.

With Xianyang as the center, Lisi successively built two passages, one to the east, one to today's Hebei and Shandong, and one to today's Hubei, Hunan and Jiangsu. There are strict rules for building the equator. Subgrade must be strong and higher than both sides to facilitate drainage. It also represents the solid foundation of the country, with a width of 50 steps. Trees should be planted every three feet on both sides of the road to show the majesty of the country. Weeds are not allowed to grow on the road. Trees can not only block passers-by, but also mark the mileage.

Ordinary officials and ordinary people can only walk by the roadside. Ordinary people have no right to drive in the middle of the road, but the middle is like the Royal Highway, and the motorcade is unimpeded. It was really a good policy in the environment at that time, and the procession or the delivery of important news would be much faster.

Later, Li Si built Wuchi Road in Yunnan and other places to facilitate the traffic in the Central Plains and Southwest China. At the same time, Reese also stipulated that the width of the railing should be six feet to ensure the unimpeded traffic on the road.

Today, Reese still has outstanding political talent and foresight, and his thoughts are far beyond his time. In his political career in the first half of his life, the Legalist thought added luster to him, and it was used with great perfection, creating immortal achievements for future generations. However, in the second half of his life, he used legalism in extremism, which caused great disaster.