Who invented matches? According to records, the earliest matches were invented in 577 AD in China. At that time, during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, wars were frequent, and the Northern Qi Dynasty was under attack between Scylla and Charybdis, and materials were scarce. Cooking has become a problem because of the lack of kindling. At that time, a group of ladies-in-waiting magically invented matches, and the ancient matches in China were just a kindling material. Later, it was introduced to Europe during the period of Kelpolo. Later, on this basis, Europeans invented modern matches that were once called "matches". "External fire" can make a fire by friction. The man who invented this kind of match was Walker of England. 1826, he made paste-like antimony sulfide and potassium chloride from gum and water.

Pulling the matchstick and sandpaper will make a fire.

According to historical records, the first match in the world was invented by French chemist Chansel, and people called it "Vulcan". /kloc-In the late 7th century, a goldsmith in Germany accidentally discovered "phosphorus" in the process of extracting gold. He sold the secret of phosphorus to Clyde, a wealthy businessman, for 1000. 1677, Clive brought "phosphorus" to England and gave it to the scientist Boyle. Boyle mastered the technology of making "phosphorus" through research and began to develop matches. 1680, he made the most primitive match-poker. 1827, British pharmacist John Watson became the earliest friction match in the world. This kind of white phosphorus match is called "poison match" because white phosphorus is poisonous. The process is: In an accidental opportunity, Walker found that rubbing the mixture of potassium chloride and antimony sulfide with sandpaper can produce a flame. 1827, Walker sold the first box of matches made of potassium chloride and antimony sulfide. At that time, every time I bought a box of matches, I gave a piece of sandpaper for free. 1845, Schroeder, Germany, made red phosphorus and made a "safety match" that is still in use today. Czech spark "automatic match line" shows the whole process of match production.

Chronology:

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China (420 ~ 589), the "yin fire" could be easily changed into "yang fire" by dipping a stick in sulfur and using kindling or flint. This can be regarded as the most primitive collocation.

1669 extraction of yellow phosphorus by H. Brand in Germany. People take advantage of the easy oxidation and ignition of yellow phosphorus, dip one end of a small stick in sulfur, and then dip it in yellow phosphorus to glow. 1805, a Frenchman, Chansel, stuck potassium chlorate and sugar on a small stick with a tree and dipped it in sulfuric acid. These are the rudiments of modern competitions.

1826, the Englishman J. Walker glued potassium chlorate and antimony trisulfide to the end of a small stick as a medicine head and put it in a box with sandpaper on the side of the box. Holding a small stick, scraping the medicine head on sandpaper can ignite and burn. This is the earliest collocation with practical value.

183 1 year, the Frenchman C. Soria mixed yellow phosphorus into the medicine head to replace antimony trioxide to make yellow phosphorus matches. Although this kind of match is easy to use, it is too sensitive to ignite and is easy to cause fire. Moreover, in the process of manufacture and use, yellow phosphorus is highly toxic, which seriously harms people's health.

1845 red phosphorus (also known as red phosphorus) was developed by Austrian A. Schrodter, which is an allotrope of yellow phosphorus with stable performance and no toxicity. 1855, Swedish J.E. Lundstrom invented a new type of match, in which a mixture of potassium chlorate and sulfur was stuck on the matchstick, and red phosphorus was coated on the side of the matchbox. When in use, the match head can be lit by lightly scratching on the phosphorus layer. Because of the separation of strong oxidant and strong reductant, the safety of production and use is greatly enhanced, which is called safety match and is widely used.

1898, French H. Sevene and E. D. Caen used phosphorus trisulfide instead of yellow phosphorus to make matches, which were called phosphorus sulfide matches. This kind of matches, like yellow phosphorus matches, have no toxicity of yellow phosphorus and can be rubbed everywhere, but they are still not as safe as safety matches. The match industry originated in Europe.

1833, the world's first match factory was established in beria, Kalma, Sweden. 1865, matches were imported into China, then called "foreign matches" or "spontaneous matches".

The first match factory in China was Qiao Ming Match Factory founded by Wei Shengxuan in Foshan County, Guangdong Province on 1879.

By 1900, China * * had opened 19 match factories.

192 1 year, Liu hongsheng set up hongsheng match factory in Suzhou, improved match formula and production management, and produced "beautiful" brand matches with high quality and low price.

Liu Hongsheng founded Shanghai Greater China Match Company on 1930.

After 1949, China's match production gradually realized mechanization and semi-automation.

1967 The first automatic match continuous machine was successfully trial-produced. 1982, the first continuous production line in China was built in Jinan Match Factory.

Characteristics of early competition and safe competition:

Matches produced in the early days have two fatal shortcomings:

(1) Yellow phosphorus is very rare, and it is easy to spontaneously ignite when heated, which is very dangerous. (2) Yellow phosphorus is toxic, and match workers will be poisoned if they are not careful. 1852, the safety match was invented by the Swedes from Tatstrom. Using phosphorus and sulfur compounds as ignition materials, it is necessary to rub the box coated with red phosphorus to make a fire, which improves the safety.

The components in safety matches are: the matchhead is mainly composed of oxidant (KClO3), combustible substances (such as sulfur) and adhesive. The side of the matchbox is mainly composed of red phosphorus, antimony trisulfide and adhesive.

The advantage of safety matches is that it is not only safer to separate red phosphorus from oxidant, but also the chemicals used are non-toxic. So it's also called a safety race.