Natuna is also known as Inbona. Natuna is more commonly used now because Inbona has the same name as the other two islands. One is Ambon Island in Maluku Islands, Indonesia, which is translated by westerners as Ambon Island. One is the Anbo Reef in the South China Sea of China, which was called the Pot Cover Island by ancient fishermen in China, and was named the Anbo Reef by the China government in 1935. The Anbo sandbar after 1947 is now under Indonesian jurisdiction.
Previously, the names of China's sea areas and their islands had different names at different times:
Before the Han Dynasty, China called the waters of Natuna Islands "rising sea", Natuna Islands "rising sea head" and Natuna Island "highest sea head". Because it is located at the mouth of Malacca where the Pacific Ocean meets the Indian Ocean, the water level in this area rises and falls from time to time due to the water level difference between the two oceans. So our ancestors called this sea "rising sea" and all the islands in this sea "rising sea". See Yang Fu's Record of Foreign Bodies in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "When the sea rises, the water is shallow and there are many magnets", which means that in the rising waters, the water is shallow and there are many reefs. What is recorded here is the sea area west of Wan 'an Beach in Nansha Islands. "Battery head", that is, island. The definition of "Qi" in Chinese Dictionary is "Qi: the face of a steep mountain peak".
In fact, many islands in this water area are above 100 meters above sea level, and the peak of Natuna, the largest main island, is close to 960 meters. In the South China Sea, there are no such steep offshore islands except Taiwan Province Island and Hainan Island. Moreover, this water area is also a shallow sea area, the deepest point is 100 meter, and the rest is about 30 meters, which is not as deep as Nansha, Zhongsha and Xisha.
See also The History of the Three Kingdoms, Foreign Bodies in Zhou Nan written by Wu Shi and Wan Zhen, which also records: "Northbound, extremely large, out of the sea, medium-rising and multi-magnetic", which refers to sailing from the Malay Peninsula to the northeast, indicating that it has not yet reached the deep water part of Nansha. It means: In the sea area sailing to the northeast (starting from the Malay Peninsula), there are big islands standing high on the rising sea surface, which is rising (or often rising) and there are many reefs. This written record is also very consistent with the situation of the waters of Natuna Islands, the main island of Natuna.
Since the Song Dynasty, Jiaozhi Ocean in central Vietnam and Natuna Islands in northwest Borneo have been regarded as the maritime boundary between China and foreign countries. Foreign ships have crossed the Natuna Islands or the Jiaozhi Ocean and entered the territory of China.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, when Ming boats went to the Western Ocean, they called the rising sea "Shitang Island", the rising sea head "Shitang Island" and "Maximtou". According to the descendants of Zheng He's boatman in Hunan, Shitang in the South China Sea has the largest island, which was once the first post station of Zheng He's fleet at sea. It has built a large number of barracks, a large number of living facilities and a large number of people on duty. Because of the excellent natural resources, the fleet has to fish, process, refuel and repair here every time. There are not only carpenters and carpenters, but also sculptors, painters and painters. There are all kinds of tools, and everyone has special skills. Because thousands of young people often rest on the island (people call young people young people), people also call the "extra large battery head" "Wansheng Shitang fish". Moreover, this "Wansheng Shitangyu", as an important symbol of China's southern strength, is undeniably recorded in the world-famous historical map Zheng He's nautical chart. On the map, there is not only the name "Wansheng Shitangyu", but more importantly, its corresponding location is what Indonesia now calls "Natuna Islands", which is exactly the same as the legend of the descendants of Zheng He's boatman. The reason why it is called "Wansheng Shitangyu" means that this is the island where Zheng He's soldiers live and produce. Wanzhou in Zheng He's nautical chart is located in Hainan Island. "Shitang" is actually Shitangyu Island, and its specific location is what Indonesia now calls "Anambas Islands", which is the southwest border of the Sea of China. "Wansheng Shitangyu", called Natuna Island in Indonesia, is an island of Shitang, just like the "Anambas" archipelago. Shixing Shitang is the general name of Nansha, Zhongsha, Xisha and Dongsha in China. Because the water surface is not exposed much, the reefs are mostly underwater, and because the colorful coral reefs under the water shine like dense stars, people call this sea area "Shixing Shitang". The size of the ancient paintings is out of proportion, but the orientation is still roughly accurate.
On this map, as long as we double the distance between Wansheng Shitang Fish and Wanzhou, we will find that Wansheng Shitang Fish is just in the position of Natuna Islands in Indonesia on the contemporary map. What is particularly puzzling, however, is that "Shitang" and "Wansheng Shitangyu" in Zheng He's nautical charts clearly depict the shape of mountains and clearly symbolize tall and large offshore islands, but some people stubbornly distort their original intention and position, insisting that they are Xisha Islands or zhongsha islands. Even tampering with the text, insisting that "Wansheng Shitang language" is "Wanli Shitang language".
After 1433, people called "Wansheng Shitangyu" Ambuna Island. According to the descendants of Zheng He's boatman Zeng, after the Ming ship returned to China for the last time during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, considering that "Wansheng Shitangyu" was an important gateway, it had been directly managed by the imperial court since Zheng He's voyage to the West, and there were still many barracks and other living facilities on the island, so fleet officials called the imperial court to ask whether to give up stationing in "Wansheng Shitangyu". Tang Xuanzong learned that he immediately gave the word "Wansheng Island, don't accept it". After that, a group of boatmen, represented by Zeng, took the imperial edict and their families to live on the island. For a long time, the residents of the island have helped each other, just like a family, and they have been enjoying a paradise-like life. In order to commemorate and thank the emperor for his kindness, the islanders also called "Wansheng Shitangyu" "Ambuna Island", that is, anyone who stays on the island will never pay taxes. And because it was ordered by the emperor to live on the island, it means that this island is the first municipality directly under the central government in the history of China. This is also the reason why Zeng's wife has enjoyed high honor since she was over 90 years old and was honored as "Zeng's mother". And in order to commemorate her, people call the group of islands west of Ambuna Islands "Zengmu West Islands" (called "Anambas Islands" in Indonesia), and the group of islands south of Ambuna Islands "Zengmu South Islands" (called "Tamerlan Islands" in Indonesia), and so on.
Since Zheng He, after nearly 200 years of actual administration of the island by our people, the Dutch occupied the island. According to the survey, after the Dutch occupied the Inbona Islands, they went on to engage in a series of cultural movements to the Han Dynasty. First of all, they changed the meaning of Inbona Island to Inbona Island and changed the word "no" to "wave". Because islanders don't pay taxes, which is absolutely not allowed by the Dutch invaders. The second is to set up schools to teach non-Chinese, trying to cut off the connection between Chinese and Chinese culture. Then there was sweat and exploitation, which strengthened colonial rule. Under the control of long-term slavery, the name "Ambuna Island" gradually faded. Later, some people thought that "Inbona" had the same name as "Inbona" in another place, so they changed it to "Natuna", which is the Chinese name of the so-called "Natuna Islands" in Indonesia today.
160 1 year, with the occupation of Java and Jakarta by Dutch colonists, the East India headquarters was established, and the Ambuna Islands in the South China Sea were controlled by them. By June, 1942, 1, "Ambuna Islands" was actually ruled by the Netherlands for 340 years. After that, the Japanese navy entered makassar strait, defeated the United States, Australia and the Netherlands by the armed forces, and realized the dream of ruling Indonesia. The "Ambuna Islands" fell into the hands of Japan. More than three years later, on August 1945, Japan accepted the Potsdam Proclamation and announced its unconditional surrender. Then, the Netherlands sent troops to continue colonial rule in Indonesia. Indonesia fought bravely and finally defeated the Netherlands through three wars. In the same year,1February 9 19, the Indonesian Federation was formally established, and the handover ceremony was held on the 27th. At this ceremony, the Netherlands handed over the sovereignty of the occupied Ambuna Islands to Indonesia.
Since then, there has been no past peace on the island, and with the influence of the earthquake in Indonesia, some people have returned to the mainland. Until liberation, the descendants of boatman Zeng on Hunan Island still kept an ivory badge the size of a playing card, which was beautifully carved. It is said that it was carved with the help of full-time staff who went to the west with the ship. This badge has the words "Wan Anna" and "The Year of Emperor Xuanzong's Ugliness", with a three-dimensional island in the middle and a waterline in the middle and lower part. On the other hand, it is engraved with 20 old-fashioned genealogical figures from Gong Yuan generation in Fiona Fang. This proves that not only the name "Wansheng Shitangyu" actually exists, but also the name "Ambuna Island" comes from the Emperor.
In addition, Zhang, a native of chaozhou people, Guangdong Province, established a kingdom on Natuna Island before the Dutch invaded Indonesia.
(This mistake, according to Mr. Li Changfu's account, Ambulan, founded by Zhang or Jason, is not an island name, but a place name, located on the west bank of Lombok. Now it is one of the three districts in Mataran, the capital of West Nusa Tenggara province, and the English language is ampenan. Today, it is still a place where China people live together. To the east of Lombok is the famous Bali. )
Natuna Islands is about 400 kilometers away from Zengmu shoal, which is similar to the latitude of Zengmu shoal. It is about 1900km from Chinese mainland, which is equivalent to the distance from Guangzhou to Beijing. 225km away from kalimantan island (Taiwan Province province is away from the mainland 130km).
1993 A map published by China included Natuna Islands in its territory, which caused a strong Indonesian backlash and once demanded clarification from Beijing. (or 1992, China incorporated Natuna Islands into China's exclusive economic zone. )
1993 the fourth China-ASEAN informal working meeting on the south China sea was held in Surabaya, Indonesia. The representative of China took out a map showing the historical coastline. Indonesia pointed out that this coastline lies between Natuna Island and the gas-bearing area 25 kilometers northeast of it. Since then, Indonesia has repeatedly asked China to make an oral or written explanation. Shortly after the working meeting, the Indonesian government sent a diplomatic notice to Beijing, but it was not made public. Until1April 1995 10, Indonesian Foreign Minister Alatas asked Beijing to clarify historical waters. June 1995 Chen Jian, spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, confirmed that China has no dispute over the sovereignty of Natuna Island, but China is willing to hold talks with Indonesia on the delimitation of the maritime boundary between the two sides. Alatas asked Suharto for instructions and replied that Indonesia did not think that there was a maritime boundary problem with China, and China was in the far north. Regarding the Natuna Islands, China has no claim to sovereignty, and there is no need to talk about it.
Indonesian National Oil Company is cooperating with American Daniel F. Akerson Oil Company to exploit the oil and natural gas in Natuna Island, with an investment of tens of billions of dollars.
At the end of 1980s, the population of Natuna Islands was about 65,438+500,000, when Chinese accounted for more than 80%. According to Singapore media reports in the past, the Chinese on this group of islands have always wanted to establish their own country independently, but they were intimidated by Indonesia. Some earlier genealogies of Chinese in Nass Island recorded that after the Qing soldiers entered Shanhaiguan, the Nanming regime in the south was destroyed, and hundreds of remnant soldiers who insisted on resisting the Qing dynasty and hundreds of fishermen who refused to obey the Manchu rule fled to Nass Island in South Asia. Chinese came to this land to stab and stab, and developed into a paradise. Natuna Islands became an independent place for Chinese. In modern times, many China people have established their own countries overseas, the most famous of which is He Guo. In addition, Zhang, a native of chaozhou people, Guangdong Province, established a kingdom on Inbona Island (Natuna Island) and became king by himself. But/kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, after the death of Zhang (also known as the king), the leader of Natuna Island, internal disputes occurred, and the Dutch took the opportunity to destroy Zhang's kingdom. This place, which originally belonged to Chinese, has now become the territory of Indonesia. According to legend, the representative of China on the island asked Taiwan Province Province to intervene in the past. After Jiang Jingguo's death, Lee Teng-hui came to power, and the Chinese on the island turned their hopes to Chinese mainland and were received by Deng Xiaoping. They talked in secret about the independence of these islands and their integration into China. Deng said, 1997 After the return of Hongkong, China will consider the issue of Natuna Island. Because of the lack of strength at that time, talking about this matter prematurely added fuel to the fire of Indonesia, which was already anti-China, and the anti-China massacre broke out in 1998.
According to "The Kingdom of Java" on the volume of "Record of Saigon", from occupying the city to going, the needle position: take Lingshan, and the water of Lingshan can be 60 torr. Fifty more, called Wuyu Island (now Great Natuna Island). From the tail reef to the west, it is flat and gentle. Ten watch, looking east at the snake Longshan (now Danmeilan Island), runs through Yuan Yu and Shuangyu. Passing through Luofu Mountain (now Badas Island), the water in the mountain is supported by ten things. Even, take bamboo valley. Fourth watch, take Jilong Island (now Karimata Island). Ten more, to hook the mountain, can cure salary. Look at it again at thirty, the mountain of Pingjilimen, and look at it again at five, the mountain of Pingjiao. It's the third night, leveling the same mountain, from yes to duban. There are five more, to the new village in Java. Wuyi Island is not just the big Natuna Island today.
ExxonMobil's contract to develop Indonesia's Natuna-Dapa offshore block expired as early as 2005.
In 2008, fishermen from Beihai were detained in Natuna Island for four months and were treated inhumanely.
This Inbona Island (Natuna Island) is the only way for China gold miners to go to Nanyang for gold. Here, they have basically reached the "Golden Mountain"-now kalimantan island. People who dig up gold will replenish here when they get out of the "Jinshan", and then go to Saigon to cross Xisha or return to Guangzhou along the coast. Because of this, the business here is very good, and Zhang Kingdom can get rid of the piracy industry by relying on this land and water terminal, and then establish a country.
During the Wahid period, Indonesia and Singapore had natural gas pipeline projects on Grand Natuna Island.
The northeastern part of the 200-nautical-mile economic sea area of Natuna Islands, Indonesia's main oil-producing area, overlaps with the 200-nautical-mile economic sea area of Nansha Islands.
Indonesia and Malaysia seem to have territorial disputes in Natuna Islands.
In 2006, Shay Chafa, Secretary of the Riau Islands Government, pointed out that China and Viet Nam still claimed the Natuna Islands.
In 2008, Indonesia and eight countries jointly developed natural gas in Natuna Islands. Natuna D- Alpha Block (the largest gas field in Southeast Asia) is estimated to have about 222 trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves, of which 46 trillion cubic feet of natural gas is commercially recoverable, accounting for a quarter of Indonesia's national commercially recoverable natural gas reserves. It is estimated that the development of Natuna gas field requires an investment of about 40 billion US dollars. However, the price of Natuna natural gas is too high, developing this gas field is particularly expensive, and it is also difficult to sell Natuna natural gas.
The most important Natuna gas field in Indonesia is located in the South China Sea, 683 miles north of Jakarta and 140 miles northeast of Natuna Island. The gas field was discovered by Italian Agip Company on 1970, and its recoverable reserves are estimated to be 46 trillion cubic feet. However, Agip finally gave up the gas field franchise, and the gas field was only recently developed. 1999 65438+ 10, Singapore SembGas signed a natural gas purchase and sale contract with Sinatuna natural gas group, with a contract volume of 325 million cubic feet per day. Sinatuna Natural Gas Group is a joint venture of Pertamina, Conoco and Gulf Indonesia Resources. Mcdermott Company won the pipeline contract for this project, and the pipeline will start to supply natural gas to Singapore in the middle of 200 1 year. 1 999165438+1October, ConocoPhillips announced the discovery of new natural gas resources in Sinatuna, which increased the natural gas reserves in this area by about1trillion cubic feet.
Matak Island is the most important offshore natural gas production base.
Natuna Sea is located in the southwest of the South China Sea, between Malay Peninsula, kalimantan island and Sumatra, and it is a branch of the South China Sea. It is 650 kilometers long, 450 kilometers wide and covers an area of 380,000 square kilometers. The north and South China Sea are bounded by Natuna Islands and Anambas Islands; South via Karimata Strait, Gaspar Strait to Java Sea; The western part connects the Singapore Strait and the Malacca Strait through the sea area between bintan island and Malay Peninsula.
Natuna Sea is a shallow sea area. The southern 30m isobath is about15 ~ 80km away from the island, but most sections of the 20m isobath are close to the island coast. The water depth in the middle is generally about 50 meters, and the deepest water depth on the south side of Grand Natuna Island in the north is only 109 meters.
There are many islands in the sea area, including Natuna Islands in the northeast, Anambas Islands in the north, Riau Islands and Linga Islands in the west. Tamerlan and Badache are in the middle. There are also big islands in the south, such as Bangka Island, Belidong Island, Maya Island, Truck Island and Karimata Islands. Kalimantan island and Sumatra Island are plain muddy coasts, which are low-lying and swampy. Mangroves are intermittently distributed along the coast, and there are many coral reefs around other islands.
Natuna Sea is located in the tropics, with the equator passing through the middle of the sea area, and the climate is hot and rainy, belonging to the tropical rainforest climate. The average annual temperature along the coast of Sumatra Island is 26℃, and the average annual precipitation is 2000 ~ 3000mm.
The Dongnatuna Basin has been proved to be the largest oil and gas field in the world.
Origanbetta is located in Natuna Islands in Indonesia, between Malay Peninsula and Borneo Island, and prefers Borneo Island. In 2002, researchers from China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan Province Province, Thailand and Vietnam conducted two surveys on this archipelago and Anambas Islands (more inclined to the Malay Peninsula). This survey report was released only this year. Aurigans means "golden flash" in Latin, which refers to the golden scales on the body and abdomen of this fish.
By 2003, Indonesia had transported natural gas from Sinatuna Islands to Singapore through natural gas pipelines. Natural gas pipelines from South Sumatra to Singapore and from sinatra to Malaysia will also be built soon. New LNG transportation projects in Irian Jaya Province and Natuna Islands will promote the export of LNG in Indonesia.
1955, the Kashmir Princess crashed into the sea of Natuna Islands.
In March 2008, the Indonesian Armed Forces mobilized 30,000 people. Last week, they began to hold the first joint sea, land and air exercise in 12 years near Batam Island and Natuna Island in Liaodao Province, Yamaguchi Ocean in West Kalimantan Province and Sankata in East Kalimantan Province. Mainly for Malaysia.
After 200 1, the United States hopes to establish a floating military base and a logistics supply maintenance base in Natuna Islands.
In recent years (2006), there have been many pirates near Natuna Islands and Anambas Islands.
Some people say that the Natuna Islands account for half of the world's total natural gas reserves.
The Dongnatuna Basin has been proved to be the largest oil and gas field in the world.
It seems that the traditional coastline of China lies on this line, with obvious overlap in the west of Wan 'an Beach, the southeast Natuna Basin and the Zengmu shoal basin.
Laut Island (Laut Island? ) 273 meters above sea level.
/kloc-In the 1970s, the fishing survey conducted in Singapore found that the waters from Natuna Islands to northern Sarawak were a fishing ground with high catch, which was higher than that in the central waters of sunda shelf and the coastal waters in southern Vietnam.