As early as 2000 BC, the Sami people had entered the upper reaches of the Tigris River, where they created the ancient Assyrian civilization, which was in the same era and hostile to the ancient Babylonian kingdom in the south of the two river basins. Around 1800 BC, a new race entered the plain from the mountains of Armenia, that is, Julians, and this race has nothing to do with Sem, Sumerian and Indo-European languages in language. As a result, the Julians defeated the ancient Assyrians, crossed the northern Mesopotamian plain, entered Syria to the west, and even entered the Palestinian area. As a political force, Julian is not important, but they have played a very important role in the cultural history. They used cuneiform writing as their writing system. More importantly, they borrowed from Babylonian religious thoughts and spread them directly to Hittites and Hebrews, and indirectly to Greeks. At the same time, the god Julian was also spread to these areas; Even Julian was absorbed by these civilizations, but unfortunately we know very little about Julian. Perhaps with the deepening of archaeological excavation, we believe that the mystery of Julian culture will be uncovered for us in the near future. By the 6th century BC/KLOC-0, ethnic groups such as Mitani had basically penetrated into the civilized world. Mitanni conquered ancient Assyria in the process of domesticating horses and applying horses and carriages to war, and then extended their sphere of influence to the Mediterranean coast.
Historical event
When Tuthmus III, the famous king of Egypt's 18 dynasty, led the Egyptian army to advance from the south to Syria, Mitanni made a scene with him.
After the conflict, Mitani became Egypt's strongest opponent in Syria. By the end of15th century BC, two competitors had ended their hostility and formed an alliance against a newly rising power-Hittite. The alliance between Mitanni and Egypt is maintained by marriage, that is, the princess of Mitanni married the Pharaoh of Egypt. About 50 years later, Assyrians got rid of Mitanni's rule and re-established an independent country. Hittites were in full swing, driving Egypt out of Syria. After Assyria got rid of Mitanni's control, he turned Mitanni, who was dying, into his own vassal state, and the communication between Egypt and Mitanni ended.
Demographic situation
Mitanni Empire (1500~ 1380) was a centralized dynasty established by Julians (also translated as Hulit) in the Kabur River basin in 1500.
The Julians, the Horuits mentioned in the Old Testament, rose in the Van Gogh area of Mount Amenia, and later gradually settled in the northern part of the two river basins and Syria. They are a savage and powerful people. Their military rise mainly depends on the power of horses driving chariots (animals and horses first appeared in West Asia, and later spread from the southern plains of Russia to the two river basins). When the territory of Mitanni Empire was the widest, alala and Cattenat were in the west, Nuqiu and Arapuka in the east, and Assyria. In BC 1380, the Hittites went to war with Mitanni, and Supirurium of the Hittites conquered Vashaukani, the capital of Mitanni, and Mitanni began to decline. 1350 years ago, Barit I of Assyria married a Hittite and began to attack Mitanni. 1308 ago, Adadeni Larry I of Assyria conquered the ancient city of Mitanni.
Mitanni and Egypt
Tuthmus III * * * launched the Battle of 15. In order to land on the Syrian coast, establish a combat base there and conquer Kadesh and its hinterland, Thutmose III established a maritime fleet. In the sixth campaign, his troops landed in Milla, north of Tripoli on the Syrian coast. Then, he commanded troops to attack Kadie Shicheng. Kadishi Town is located on the left bank of the Orontes River, not far from Homs. Because it was a powerful fortress, it took Thutmose III a long time to conquer it. In the seventh battle, he put down a series of rebellions in the rear. The eighth battle, about 1445, invaded the kingdom of Mitanni established by Aryans and seized the land of the kingdom of Mitanni on the west bank of the Euphrates River. Egypt's war of foreign aggression began under the rule of Ahmed I, who conquered Nubia, Syria and southern Palestine. His successor, Amenhotep I (about 1546- 1526 BC) conquered Nubia in the south, reached the second waterfall of the Nile, and also fought in Libya in the west. However, the founder of the Egyptian military empire was Thutmose I (about BC 1525- 15 12). He not only plundered Nubia again, but also extended the territory of Egypt to the third waterfall of the Nile, and went north to the Euphrates River and northern Syria, where he fought fiercely with the powerful West Asian country Mitanni at that time, reaching the western border of the kingdom of Mitanni.
Dominate the peak
(about 1504- 1450 BC) reached its peak. At that time, the situation in Asia was very tense, and Syria tried to get rid of the control of Egypt; Sangu expanded its power to the west, supported Syria and Palestine, and formed an alliance with Egypt. There has also been turmoil in China.
After pacifying the domestic situation, Tuthmus III launched a larger-scale war of aggression along the road of external expansion initiated by successive kings. Thutmose III first led his army to Asia. In the battle of Megiddo, he defeated the Syrian and Palestinian Coalition forces and won the first major victory of the expedition. Since then, he has fought in Asia many times and conquered Kadesh in the sixth battle. In the eighth expedition, the northern border of Egypt extended to the Euphrates River and attacked the kingdom of Mitanni. King Mitanni was awed by Egypt's military strength and sent people to present gifts to show his loyalty to Tuthmus III and make friends with Egypt. In the south, Thutmose III pushed the border of Egypt beyond the fourth waterfall of the Nile. After years of war of aggression, Egypt's territory has been expanded unprecedentedly, and a great military empire has been established across West Asia and North Africa. After the death of Thutmose II, his son Thutmose III (18, the fourth king of the Egyptian dynasty)? ~ 65438 BC+0450 BC). In the 33rd year of his reign, Tuthmus III led his troops to the Northern Expedition and captured Megiddo, and then occupied Kadesh and other cities in the Bekaa Valley. Egyptian pharaohs also sent troops to attack the powerful kingdom of Mitanni. As a result, King Mitanni fled hastily and 30 queens were captured.