Syria is affected by the subtropical high belt, with relatively low latitude, large direct angle of the sun and sultry and dry climate.

Physical geography: area 185 180 square kilometers (including Golan Heights). Located in the west of the Asian continent, on the east coast of the Mediterranean. It borders Turkey in the north, Iraq in the east, Jordan in the south, Lebanon and Palestine in the southwest, and Cyprus in the west across the Mediterranean Sea. Coastline length183km. The westernmost part is the northern extension of the West Asia Rift Zone, which consists of four parallel north-south longitudinal zones, namely, coastal narrow plain, Alawite mountain, Axi valley and eastern mountain, and belongs to the Mediterranean climate. On the east side of the mountain and the east of the former Lebanese mountain on the Syrian-Lebanese border, there is a vast plateau, which occupies the vast majority of the country's land. The northern half of the grassland is the northwest of Lianghe Plain, where the Euphrates River and its tributary Chabr River pass. The southern half is located in the Syrian desert and is a part of the Arabian Plateau. Mineral deposits include a small amount of oil, apatite and copper. Most of the territory is a plateau sloping from northwest to southeast. It is mainly divided into four zones: western mountains and longitudinal valleys between mountains; Mediterranean coastal plain; Inland plain; Southeast of the Syrian desert. Shehe Mountain in the southwest is the highest mountain in China. The Euphrates River flows through the east, flows into the Persian Gulf through Iraq, and the Ashi River flows into the Mediterranean Sea through the west and Turkey. The coastal and northern regions have subtropical Mediterranean climate, while the southern region has tropical desert climate. Four distinct seasons, less rainfall in winter and dry and hot summer in desert areas.

Population: 18392000(2002). Among them, Arabs account for more than 80%, as well as Kurds, Armenians, Turkmen and Cherks. Arabic is the national language, and English and French are widely used. 85% of the residents believe in Islam, 14% believe in Christianity. Among them, Islamic Sunnis account for 80% (about 68% of the national population), Shiites account for 20%, and Alawites account for 75% of Shiites (about 1 1.5% of the national population).

Capital: Damascus is known as the "City of Paradise" with a history of more than 4,500 years. The population is 3.7 million (2002). In 66 1 year, the Arabian Umayyad dynasty established its capital here. At present, the famous historical sites in the city include Umayyad Mosque, Arab Medical Museum, Nuridin Bath, and the sacred objects in the eyes of Christians, such as Kaisenmen and St. Paul's Church.

The whole country is divided into 14 provinces and cities: rural Damascus, Homs, Hama, Latakia, Idlib, Tartous, Raqqa, Deir ez-Zor, Hasakeh, Dar 'a, Suweida, Quneitra, Aleppo and Damascus.

Brief history: Syria has a history of more than 4,000 years. The primitive polis existed in 3000 BC. Conquered by the Assyrian Empire in the 8th century BC. In 333 BC, Macedonian troops invaded Syria. It was occupied by the ancient Romans in 64 BC. Incorporated into the territory of the Arab Empire at the end of the 7th century. 165438+European Crusaders' invasion in the 20th century. From the end of 13, it was ruled by the Egyptian Ma Mruck dynasty. It was annexed by the Ottoman Empire for 400 years from the beginning of16th century. 1April, 920, became the mandated territory of France. At the beginning of World War II, Britain and France's "Free French Army" entered Syria together. 1941On September 27th, General Jadrew, commander-in-chief of the Free French Army, declared Syria's independence on behalf of its allies. 1943 In August, Syria established its own government. 1946 In April, French and British troops were forced to withdraw, Syria gained complete independence and established the Syrian Arab Republic. 1 958 February1day, Syria and Egypt merged into the United Arab Republic. 1961On September 28th, Syria broke away from the Arab League and re-established the Syrian Arab Republic.

Politics: The Constitution stipulates that Islamic law is the main basis for legislation. Parliament, also known as people's parliament, enjoys legislative power, and its functions are: nominating candidates for the presidency of the Republic of China; Pass laws; Discuss cabinet policies; Adopt the general national budget and development plan; Ratify international treaties and agreements on national security; Decide on Amnesty; Accept and approve the resignation of members and revoke the trust in cabinet members. The term of office of members is four years. The president is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

Economy: Excellent natural conditions and rich mineral resources, mainly including oil, phosphate, natural gas, rock salt and asphalt. Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy and is one of the five largest grain exporters in the Arab world. Most cultivated land is irrigated to produce wheat, barley, cotton, grapes, olives, figs, pears, plums and other fruits. Export cotton, wheat and barley. The industrial base is weak, the state-owned economy is dominant, and modern industry is only a few decades old. The existing industries are divided into mining, processing and hydropower. The mining industry includes oil, natural gas, phosphate and marble. Processing industries mainly include textiles, food, leather, chemicals, cement, tobacco and so on. Syria is also a transit point for the oil pipeline in Kirkuk oil field in Iraq. Syria has famous archaeological sites and summer resorts. These tourist resources attract a large number of tourists every year.

Syria is a corridor for some countries in the Middle East to enter and leave the Mediterranean Sea, with relatively developed land, sea and air transportation. 245 kilometers northeast of Damascus, there is a site of Tedmur, which is called "the bride in the desert". In the 2nd-3rd century, it was an important town connecting China with West Asia, European trade routes and the ancient Silk Road.

Syria is located in the west of Asia, on the east coast of the Mediterranean, bordering Turkey in the north, the Mediterranean and Lebanon in the west, Iraq in the east, Jordan in the south and Palestine and Israel in the southwest. It belongs to the Mediterranean climate, rainy in winter and dry in summer. Spring and autumn are two short transitional seasons. There is much rain in coastal areas in winter, rainy and snowy in mountainous areas in winter, scarce rain in desert areas and dry and hot in summer. Syria is close to the equator, which is the case most of the year, but it is also a beautiful place.