Legend of Torch Festival 1: Legend of martyrdom of charity lady
This legend originated from the story that Nanzhao King burned the Song Ming Pagoda, which was recorded in Nanzhao unofficial history and other historical books. In order to annex the other five imperial edicts, Piluoge, the king of Nanzhao, with the consent of the central government of the Tang Dynasty, informed the five imperial edicts to hold a party in the name of sacrifice in Songminglou on June 24. Mrs. Charity, the wife of Huang Deng Imperial edict, thought the move was fraudulent and advised her husband not to go. However, the imperial edict was forced by the power of Pirog, and charity expected her husband's trip to be unlucky, so she put on an iron bracelet to see him off. After the Six Peaks Sacrifice Ceremony, Piluoting gave a banquet in Songming Building. At dusk, Piluoting pretended to be drunk and went downstairs. The ambush immediately set fire to the building, and all the imperial edicts were killed except one from the west of Vietnam because it was a long way from here and the bones were difficult to distinguish. Only Deng Wei can claim it and go home to be reburied because of the iron bracelet on his arm. Nanzhao longed for charity and wisdom, wanted to marry the princess, and charity persisted. According to the city, Nanzhao sent troops to attack the city and committed suicide. Since then, every year on June 24, people will light torches to commemorate this charity lady, and they have become accustomed to each other, so there is the Torch Festival.
Legend of Torch Festival 2: Burning official worms at the bottom of the stars
According to legend, a long time ago, heaven and earth were interlinked, and the gods in heaven and people on earth lived in harmony and interacted frequently. One summer, God Stigutz sent an emissary named Geng to collect debts. After Geng Ding won the world, he met the hero of the world and provoked Di Mixing (talking about the fire body Rabbah), and provoked Di Mixing and said: You live in the sky and we live on the ground, which has nothing to do with each other. Why do we pay your rent and pay your debts every day? Today, the two of us will have a wrestling match. If you win, we pay, if you lose, we don't pay. ? So they scuffled, and Geng Ding got into trouble and was killed. God Stiguchi was furious and sent many bright insects to the ground to eat the crops on the ground. Day Hao Dixing led people to cut down many bamboo poles of bamboo schools and rich households, tied them into torches, set fire to insects and protect crops. To commemorate this victory, the Torch Festival is held on June 24th every year, and it has been used ever since.
Torch Festival Legend Story 3: The Legend of An An's Martyrdom
The main idea of the story is: At the end of the Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Mrs. Anan, the wife of Mananu in Yuye County, Yunnan Province, was smart and beautiful, and was taken by Guo Shizhong, a general of the Han Dynasty. Guo Wei occupied An 'an, designed and killed Mannan, and then forced An to marry him. Ann refused, while her husband was cremated, while the defenders were unprepared to jump into the fire and burn to death. Moved by her chastity, people light the torch as a memorial to her on June 24 every year, which becomes the Torch Festival.
Legend of Torch Festival 4: Torch Greets Zhuge Liang
Legend has it that in the spring of the third year of Jianxing, the queen of Shu, Zhuge Liang led the people south, crossed Lushui in May, entered Hanzhong in June, and captured Meng Huo, the leader of Yi people. Zhuge Liang's strategy of paying equal attention to kindness and prestige won the support of Hanzhong people. When they entered the city that night, people along the way raised torches and welcomed them with water and wine, which has been a custom ever since.
Torch Festival Legend Story 5: Horn Hanging Torch
This legend is mainly circulated in Butuo County. Many years ago, slave owners in Butuo area were cruel in buying, selling, abusing and killing slaves, and the vast number of slaves lived in dire straits. A slave named Jidisu groaned and secretly organized a group called? Red and black? Underground organization, uprising against the reactionary rule of slave owners, defeated the local slave owners' armed forces many times. Later, the reactionary slave owners colluded with foreign reactionary forces and made a comeback to counterattack. The slaves of the uprising were surrounded and the situation was very critical. Then someone came up with a clever plan to tie the torch to the horn and light it. The frightened cattle fled in haste and scattered the enemy's front. The insurgents pursued the victory, defeated the slave owners' army and won. It was June 24th of the lunar calendar. From then on, on this day every year, every Yi family lit torches as a souvenir, and they became accustomed to each other, so there was the Torch Festival.
The above is a wide range of legends about the origin of several torch festivals. There are many folk legends about the origin of Torch Festival, totaling more than ten kinds. Here are a few different examples. Some of these legends are only circulated orally among the people, and some are found in historical books; Some records are detailed and touching, while others are concise. There are many legends covering a wide range, ranging from eulogizing the fearless spirit of the Yi people in conquering and transforming nature to mercilessly lashing out at power politics and national oppression, evil and tyranny. It not only praises national heroes and legends, but also mocks and exposes theocracy and reactionary rulers, which fully embodies the noble quality of the Yi people's diligence, courage and struggle, their pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty, their yearning for ideal, freedom and happy life, and profoundly reflects the struggle spirit and life yearning of the Yi people from one side.
When will the Torch Festival be held?
The persistence time of ethnic minorities
Yi, Naxi and Jinuo nationalities are on June 24th, Bai on June 25th and Lahu on June 20th. This festival lasts for two or three days. Yi people think that the ears of grain that grow after Torch Festival are as thick as torches. Later generations used this as a sacrifice to drive away ghosts and evil spirits at home, so as to keep people and animals safe. Nowadays, people also take the opportunity of parties to socialize or meet lovers, and conduct business activities on festivals.
? Torch Festival? This is also a grand festival for the Bai people. Every year on June 25th in the summer calendar, the Bai people hold activities to wish people and animals a bumper harvest and prosperity.
Han torch festival
Nantong City, Jiangsu Province is the only place in the whole Han nationality where the Torch Festival is held. On the solstice of winter every year, the local lean men will hold a torch made of rice stalks, pour oil on the front and back of the house, and circle around the field several times to pray for a good weather and a good harvest in the coming year.
Folk Culture of Torch Festival
Due to the long-term diachronic development (in time dimension) and regional evolution (in space dimension), the folk cultural connotation presented by Torch Festival can not be a single form in the early stage, but a compound form, which contains many activities in traditional society, including religion, belief, ethics, singing and dancing, skills, folk aesthetics and other rich connotations. Widely circulated among the people? Torch Festival legend? , provides the possibility of analysis and research.
In the Yi area, you know? Hometown of fire? Yi people are good at singing and dancing, inheriting the tradition of music and dance and oral art handed down by their ancestors for thousands of years, and the songs, legends and even epic performances formed in the custom of Torch Festival are well deserved. Oral and intangible cultural heritage of mankind? An important inheritance in.
Torch tune
There are very rich torch songs in Yi area. Although there are various forms, there are fixed torch songs. Because of the different pronunciations of Yi dialects, Yi people in Liangshan, big and small, call them? Du Ze duo Luo He? ,? Du Ze? That's offering sacrifices to the fire. Dolo? It means wish. Huh? This is a song.
What is the name of the Sunuo branch of the Yi nationality in Chuxiong, Yunnan? How many flowers are there? ,? Doze? It means offering sacrifices to fire. Huh? Is it? Play? The meaning of. The Torch Festival of Yi people has always been the most grand, and has gradually evolved into a complete set of folk songs. Among the songs of the Yi people in Chuxiong, there are songs of burning fire, sending fire, evoking spirits, Le Tong, antithesis of torch festival, torch festival sacrifice and so on. The time, place and singer of these songs are also different. For example, "Song of Burning Fire" is led by the parents of the whole family under their own eaves? Holiday fire? Sing and celebrate together around the circle; "Evocation of Soul" is sung by housewives alone, holding sacrifices (grain, salt, wine and meat), walking straight to their vegetable fields or grain fields, singing while walking, and picking a crop seedling when they come back, indicating that the souls of people, livestock and crops have been taken home together to celebrate the Torch Festival, and at the same time symbolizing welcoming Ding Qingji, the prosperity of six livestock and the bumper harvest of grains.
"Torch Festival duet" is only sung by people in this village when they meet at the dam site near the village; The sacrificial song of Torch Festival consists of four parts: animal husbandry production, wine sacrifice, sacrifice and rice field sacrifice. This song was recited by the priest Bimo on the night of the Torch Festival, which reflected the primitive religious concept of Yi people, that is, to eliminate worship with fire and pray for happiness.
In the torch songs of the Yi people in Chuxiong, most of the lyrics belong to the traditional five-character verse, and there are relatively fixed grids at the beginning and end of the sentence. Oh, man, man? 、? Dude, oh, oh, please? Some of the singing methods of function words have long virtual interludes, such as solo, chorus, duet and cavity, generally without musical instruments. Most songs are pentatonic, followed by feather tones. In his tune-seeking songs, the phenomenon of interweaving tone and rhyme often appears. Most of them have evolved into small and medium-sized songs and a few narrative songs with the theme of the next phrase, using two or three beats.
Torch epic
The heroic epic of the Yi people, The King of the Bronze Drum, is spread in Funing County, Yunnan Province, Napo County, Guangxi Province and the residential area of Luoluo (also known as Luoluo), a branch of the Yi people on the Sino-Vietnamese border. It has a long history, far-reaching influence and wide spread. Epic is a local Yi native religious priest? Maura? Are you online? Joe's Day? (torch festival)? Palace Festival? The lyrics handed down from ancient times, which are sung at ceremonies related to sacrificial festivals, are also called "Tonggu Songs".
In the sacrificial ceremony and related ritual activities of Luoluo Yi branch, offering sacrifices to bronze drums or using them as ritual vessels is an important cultural symbol of this branch. As a priest, Mora sang the sacred word "Song of the Bronze Drum" in many festivals, calling it "Dance of the Bronze Drum", which in itself constituted a folk phenomenon of oral language.
What about the Gongtiao Festival, which mainly saves the ancestors' golden bamboos in the ancestor worship war? Big jump? And then what? Small jump? Points. ? Big jump? It is usually held every nine or twenty-seven years, and kuya will dance for nine days. In addition to offering sacrifices and dancing happily on Tiaogongping, it is also necessary to go to specific hills and villages to dance. ? Small jump? That is, the annual Palace Dance Festival is held for four days before and after the festival. The daily activities are offering sacrifices to mountain gods, music gods, brocade gods (gods of bright future) and exorcism. It is also a court dance festival, and the sacrificial procedures of each stockade are different, but the whole activity is centered on Moura's sacrifice, which is a traditional grand event with singing "bronze drum songs" and dancing bronze drums as the main sacrificial contents and manifestations.
? Joe's Day? That is, the Torch Festival, which is no longer popular in the Yi area of Guangxi, is called a grand traditional festival of the Yi people in the Luoluo branch of Funing area of Yunnan. Joe's Day? . This is related to the bumper harvest of buckwheat, the main crop of Yi people in June of the lunar calendar. Retrospection of the epic "Changing Drums"? Joe's Day? The emergence and origin of:
After escaping the plague, the Siyi people who migrated to the border of Yunnan and Guangxi also suffered from famine caused by drought. At that time, Moraboxian of Yi nationality made a good plan to cultivate drought-tolerant buckwheat. He walked to Jiaotoe (present-day Myanmar) to borrow buckwheat seeds, and greedy and vicious Jiaotoe people did not change bronze drums. In desperation, Boxian, who was bound, had to give in and traded ten bronze drums for ten kinds of buckwheat seeds, making Yijia a safe place. In order to commemorate the kindness of buckwheat and drums, Yi people beat drums every June to celebrate the year of buckwheat (Torch Festival). What do the Yi people in Funing think? Joe's Day? Bronze drum dance (Torch Festival) is to make the gods happy. Bronze drum dance can entertain and comfort the gods, make them give people a good year and protect people in the stockade from disease and death.
Besides, in the Yi area of Guangxi, the most complete occasion for singing bronze drums is during the New Year Festival? Bronze drum? 、? Sacrifice a bronze drum? 、? Open a bronze drum? And then what? Seal the bronze drum? In certain ceremonies and related festivals.
It can be seen that the formation of epic is closely related to the Luoluo Yi people playing bronze drums in specific sacrificial festivals. It can be said that most of the above festivals are developed from sacrificial ceremonies, and the epic "King of the Bronze Drum" is also developed from the sacrificial words of the priest Mora to the bronze drum. Sacrificial ceremonies and festivals derived from them are folk cultural fields in which epics are formed and passed down from generation to generation. Moura, a priest, is a singer, editor, organizer and disseminator of epic poems. His poems and historical roles are in harmony and unity in the sacrificial ceremony. Just as the Iliad and Ramayana can't be produced without Homer and leeches, so the generation and formation of Yi heroic epic can't be produced without this priest and singer.
cultural heritage
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. Yi torch festival? (Liangshan, Sichuan, Chuxiong, Yunnan) was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative lists.
Where is the Torch Festival? Southwest cultural district? Inheritance of
Torch Festival is not only a traditional festival of Yi people, but also a regional inheritance of folk culture of southwest ethnic minorities. It has a long history in other ethnic groups of Yi language branch, such as Naxi, Hani, Lisu, Lahu and Jino. On the one hand, the formation and development of these national torch festival customs are directly related to their local worship, folk beliefs and local religions, on the other hand, they are closely related to their historical origin, cultural inheritance and social communication, especially the Yi people.
Immersed in the torch festival? Carnival? Folk spirit
The Torch Festival of the Yi people in mountainous areas is the most complete and abundant, which retains the historical track of the cultural evolution of human groups. Its theme has always been to praise the reproduction of human life and hope for the ideal of national life, so it has become an important angle to study the cultural history and ideological history of the Yi people. In other words, as a grand traditional festival, the Yi Torch Festival is permeated with a kind of? Carnival? Folk spirit conveys a simple life concept and attitude.
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