Li Yu: (937-978), formerly known as Jia Cong, was named Zhong Yin. The sixth son of Li Jing, who succeeded to the throne in 90 1 year, was called the queen of southern Tang Dynasty. After he acceded to the throne, he paid tribute to Song in order to generalize. Living in luxury. In 975, Song Jun attacked Jinling, and his flesh was exposed. Although he was ordered, he was actually a prisoner. Taiping rejuvenating the country died in July of three years. According to Wang Yao's memoir in the Song Dynasty, beggars' gangs were poisoned by pet drugs. He is good at painting and calligraphy, melody and poetry, especially in the Five Dynasties. In the early stage, he wrote more about the court enjoyment life, with a soft style; The later ci poems reflect the pain of national subjugation, with expanded themes, profound artistic conception, sincere feelings, fresh language and great artistic appeal. Later generations compiled his and Li Jing's works into two major ci poems in the Southern Tang Dynasty.
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Li Yu, formerly known as Jia Cong, whose real name is Shigemitsu and whose real name is Zhong Yin, is the sixth son of Li Jing. He was born in 937 and was made a prince in 959. 96 1, acceded to the throne without year number.
When Li Yu ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty was a vassal state of the Song Dynasty. Facing the pressure of Song Dynasty, he resigned himself to stealing peace. In 975, Song Jun entered Jinling, captured the queen, and the Southern Tang Dynasty perished.
Li Yu is a bad king in politics and a writer and poet in literature. His main achievements are in poetry. His early works mainly reflect court life, such as Sauvignon Blanc and Huanxisha. After being captured, there was a great breakthrough compared with the previous period, and his representative works included Yu Meiren, Breaking the Array, Waves on the Sand and so on.
Li Houzhu reigned in 14 and was captured in 975. Song Taizu said he was disobedient. In 978, 42-year-old Li Houzhu was poisoned.
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Five pronouns. Southern Tang dynasty monarch. The word is heavy, and the first name is from Jia. Xuzhou (now Jiangsu) people are called Huzhou (now Zhejiang) people. In the second year of Stegosaurus (96 1), he succeeded to the throne and was known as the queen in history. At the age of 38, Mr. Song flew across the river and besieged Jinling. The next year, the city was captured by Song, and he was captured to Bianjing, where he was appointed as a general and disobeyed orders. After being poisoned by Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi.
In the late Middle Dynasty, the Southern Tang Dynasty became a vassal of the Song Dynasty. When Li Yu was in office, he always kowtowed to the Song Dynasty. When he 18 years old, he made a contribution and his government was exhausted. But he still didn't want to cheer up, flashy and extravagant, superstitious about Buddhism, and was finally destroyed by the Song Dynasty. He is an incompetent emperor in politics, but he has many artistic talents, such as calligraphy, painting, mastering temperament and poetry, and his achievements in ci are particularly high.
Li Yu ink mark
Li Yu's ci poetry can be divided into two periods, one before and the other after the eighth year of Song Taizu Kaibao (975). His early ci poems have shown his extraordinary talents and superb skills, but the themes are narrow, mainly reflecting the palace life and the love between men and women, such as Jade House Spring, Late Makeup and Early Snow, Xi, Xiao Yue Falling, Su, Mutual Assistance, Morning Makeup and Bodhisattva Man. There are also works about parting lovesickness, such as Qing Ping Le and Don't Come to Spring Half. They are all lyrical, integrated, healthier and more readable. In the later period, Li Yu became a prisoner from an emperor. "When is the humiliating life, the deep pain of national subjugation, and the remembrance of the past?" Sand Waves, Rain Outside the Curtain, Night Cry, Flowers Fade in Spring and Lonely West Building are his later representative works, which mainly describe his vision and dreams of returning home and express his feelings for "the old country" and "the past"
Li Yu's Ci has inherited the tradition of Hua Jian Ci poets such as Wen and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, and has been influenced by it, which has promoted the creation of Ci. The main results are as follows:
(1) expands the expression field of words. Li Yu's previous writings were mainly erotic and shallow in content. Even if it contains a little hug, it mostly adopts figurative techniques, which are hidden but not revealed. However, most of Li Yu's works are straightforward, pouring out his life and feelings of the country and expressing his true feelings. Therefore, Wang Guowei said: "When the word arrived in Li Houzhu, its vision began to widen and its feelings deepened, so it became a musician's word and a scholar-bureaucrat's word." ("Words on Earth")
② It has high universality. Li Yu's ci often reflects a certain realm of universal significance in real life through concrete and sensible personality images. "The small building was easterly last night, so the old country could not bear to look back at the bright moon ([Yu Meiren])," The flowing water has come out in spring, and on earth ([Langtaosha]), "People naturally grow up and hate water ([Wu Yeti])," Hate is like spring grass, but live farther ([Qingpingle]) and other famous sentences have profound meanings.
③ Language is natural, refined and expressive. His writing is not gorgeous, but touching; Not vague, but meaningful; Form a fresh and beautiful artistic feature.
(4) originality in style. Hua and Southern Tang poets are generally good at euphemism, while Li Yu is good at euphemism. For example, Lou Yuchun's Mighty, Night Scare, The Big Strange Bitterness in Langtaosha (see Tan Xian's Tang Fu Thorn), Yu Meiren's chic, If a pony is born, it will be out of control (Zhou Ji's preface, as Na Lanxingde said, "Flower words are like ancient jade, which are valuable but not applicable, while Song poems are applicable and qualitative." (Miscellaneous Notes of Green Water Pavilion)
Li Yu is rich in poems, essays, words, books and paintings. His veteran said that he had 30 volumes of anthology and 100 essays. Li Yuji 10 is included in Reading in the County Zhai, and Nan Tang 10 is included in History, Art and Literature of Song Dynasty, both of which have been lost. There are two main characters, 1 Volume South Tang, in Zhi Zhai Shu Lu to solve the problem. At present, there are 34 Li Yu's poems in Mohuazhai (1620) in the forty-eighth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, among which Looking at Jiangnan can be divided into two. Shao Changguang recorded another 65,438+0 poems in the post-Qing period, and Wang Guowei supplemented nine poems of the Southern Tang Dynasty in modern times, but there seem to be many problems. According to the opinions of most modern scholars, only 32 poems can be identified as Li Yu's. In Qing Dynasty, Liu Ji wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty, Tang Guizhang wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty, and Wang Zhongwen wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty. For his deeds, see History of the New Five Dynasties, History of the Song Dynasty, Book of Southern Tang Dynasty written by Ma Ling and Lu You, and Chronicle of Two Masters of Southern Tang Dynasty written by Xia.
Complete works of Li Yu's ci
Lou Yu in Huanxisha is even more leaky in spring. Bodhisattva, Bodhisattva, Migrating Warbler, Acacia, Mutual Help Midnight Song.
The flowers in the backyard are broken, and the fisherman's love affair with butterflies is even more leaking. Liuzhi Qingping Music Ruan Langgui picked mulberry seeds to play tricks.
The prank made three mulberry pickers lovesick. Xie Xinen, Xie Xinen, Xie Xinen, Xie Xinen, Lin Jiangxian.
Look at Jiangnan, look at Jiangnan, look at Jiangnan, and cry at night.
Midnight Song Langtaosha Huanxisha Langtaosha
Attachment: Two Poems by Li Jing
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Huanxisha
The red sun is three feet high,
The golden furnace is the second perfumer,
Red brocade lichens wrinkle every step.
Beauty can dance for a while,
When the wine goes bad, smell the flowers,
Don't listen to the flute and drums in the temple.
Yu Tingchun; Spring In Jade Pavilion；Song of Youth
At the beginning of evening makeup,
In the spring palace, moths filed in.
Xiao Feng blew away the water and clouds,
Press the dress song again.
Who smells better in the wind,
Drunk and exhausted.
Don't put out the candles when you come back,
Wait till the horseshoe is clean, jathyapple.
Genglouzi
Keywords goldfinch, vermicelli,
Meet temporarily among the flowers.
Know what I mean, sympathize with you,
This situation needs to be asked.
Fragrance is ears, wax is tears,
I still like the minds of two people.
Pillows are tired, brocade is cold,
I feel more disabled.
(text question)
Bodhisattva is beautiful
The bright moon is dark and foggy. It's good to go to the waves today!
Step by step, step by step, holding golden shoes.
See you at the south bank of the gallery, always shivering.
It's hard for slaves to come out, but you can be merciful.
and
Penglai pavilion closes the rooftop girl, and the painting hall sleeps day and night without words.
Cui Yunguang threw the pillow and embroidered clothes smelled strange fragrance.
The hidden beads lock and move, feeling the dream of the silver screen.
With a slow smile on his face, he looks forward to it infinitely.
and
The rhyme of the copper spring is crisp and powerful, and the new sound moves slowly.
Eyes are black, eyes are flowing.
Rain clouds are deeply embroidered, and when they come, they will be harmonious.
No matter how empty the banquet is, the soul will lose its spring dream.
Xi Qian Ying
Xiao Yue falls, Sue,
Silent pillow.
Dreaming of returning to the grassland, thinking of Yiyi,
The sky is far away and the geese are rare.
The songbirds are scattered and the flowers are scattered.
Lonely painting hall deep courtyard.
Red Hugh swept through Iraq,
Leave it to the dancers.
Endless desire
A cloud, a jade shuttle,
This shirt is very thin,
This snail is very light.
There are many autumn winds, and the rain is mild.
Outside the curtain, there are three banana nests.
The night is long and helpless!
help each other
Just after evening makeup, pay attention.
Show people lilacs,
A clear song, temporarily lead the cherry blossoms to break.
Luo Sleeve □ (the change of the city in "Desire") The residual yin color can be,
The cup was stirred deeply by the fragrant wort.
The embroidered bed leans against the charming,
Chew Red Velvet and laugh at Tan Lang.
Midnight song
It is better to look at flowers than to wait for old branches.
The light green jade is soft and clear, and the surface of the floating lamp is clear.
Why don't you always smile and ban the garden for the Spring Festival Evening?
The drunkard's intention is not wine, but poetry has become an industry.
Broken child in the backyard.
Yushu backyard, Yaocao cosmetic mirror.
Last year's flowers were not old, but they are round again this month.
Don't be biased,
And the moon and flowers, parents and teenagers in the sky.
(or Feng Yansi)
Old fisherman
The waves are full of snow and the peaches and plums are silent.
A pot of wine and a rod of nylon. How many people are there in the world?
and
A spring breeze, a boat, a cocoon and a light hook.
Flowers are full of Zhu, wine is full of Europe, and you are comfortable in the waves.
A butterfly in love with flowers
Wandering in the distant night pavilion,
At first glance, it is clear that going to bed early hurts spring dusk.
Count the rain and the wind,
Hazy moonlight clouds come and go.
Peach, plum, yiyi, spring is dark,
Who is whispering on the swing?
A million hearts,
I have no place to arrange when I am free.
(Li Guanzuo's question)
Genglouzi
Wicker is long, spring rain is fine,
The flowers are leaking and the sound is spreading.
Frighten the geese, rise from the city,
Painted gold partridge.
The fragrance is thin and the curtain is heavy.
Melancholy Xie Ting.
Keywords red candle back, embroidered pendant,
The magnum army doesn't know.
(text question)
willow branch
The amorous feelings are old and shy,
Feel the old tour everywhere;
Thank you, strip seems to know each other,
Strong vertical smoke blows on the head.
Serenade of peace and joy/lyrics of peace, tranquility and joy
Don't come in spring,
It's heartbreaking
Bricks and stones fall like snow,
I brushed it once and it was still full.
There was no sign of the geese coming,
Dreams are hard to come true.
Leave hate like spring grass,
Go further and live.
Ruan Langgui
Wang's twelfth brother
The east wind blows water every day, and spring is long and idle.
Lovelorn, drunk, drunk in my dream.
Her voice is silent and she doesn't make up at night. Who should make the whole thing beautiful?
I miss Zhu Yan and live alone at dusk.
Pick mulberry seeds
In front of the pavilion, the spring is bright and dancing.
When it rains in Mao Mao, it will open temporarily if you don't put down your eyebrows.
The green window is quiet and fragrant, and the fragrance is printed into ash.
Can endure feelings, want to sleep and dream.
Prank order
The deep courtyard is quiet and the small courtyard is empty.
Intermittent cold anvil intermittent air.
But the night is long and people can't sleep.
Count the moons to the curtain.
tease
Cloud temples, night makeup,
With hateful eyebrows, I am far away.
The fragrant cheeks are tender,
For whom do tears languish?
Santailing
Can't sleep, tired, get dressed and go out.
The autumn moon is cold and bamboo is cold, and the night wind cuts the window.
Pick mulberry seeds
Keywords pulley, jinjing, wutong night,
Several trees frightened autumn. Rain brings new sadness.
A hundred feet of shrimp must be in the jade hook.
Joan's window breaks two moths,
Looking back, I want to send a scale tour.
Jiuqu cold wave does not flow back.
Endless desire
One mountain, two mountains,
The mountains are far away, the sky is high and the smoke is cold.
Acacia maple leaf Dan
Flowers bloom, flowers stay,
Goofy goose didn't come back,
Romantic and casual curtains.
(Deng Su asked)
Xie xinen
Qin Lou didn't see the girl who blew the flute, so she went to the garden to see the scenery.
Pink cherry is low and proud.
The east wind bothers me. It makes me feel fragrant.
Joan window □ (original lack) dream of leaving the sunset, how long will you hate those years!
The weeping willows are reflected outside the green trees.
Meeting for a while is like dreaming.
and
Cherry blossoms fall to the end of the month, like a bed leaning on a fumigation cage.
Much like last year today, hate is the same.
Clouds gaunt, tears red.
Where do you miss each other? Screen window drunk in a dream.
and
After Airbus left, the painting hall was half covered by bead curtains.
It is windy at night.
The crescent moon in the small building looks back from the fiber.
In Chunguang Town, people go to the empty building and people go to the old building. Why hate the poor?
The golden window is sleepy and careless.
A strong flute woke up graceful.
and
Cherry will be sleepy in spring and will come back after swinging.
The moon slowly leaks, in the flowers.
I don't know when to come under the screen window.
(Twelve words are missing below)
and
Ran Ran Qiu Guang can't stay, and the red leaves are full of dusk.
It's the Double Ninth Festival again, landing on the pavilion and fragrant dogwood.
Purple bow gas, floating in the courtyard, rain at night in the smoke cage.
Brave brave new swallow's cold voice, worried about similar age.
Linjiangxian
In spring, cherry leaves and butterflies fly in pink.
Zigui cries for the moon, Louxi,
Jade hook curtain, melancholy dusk smoke hanging.
Don't be lonely in the alley, hope that the smoke will fade away.
The stove is fragrant, and the phoenix is lingering.
Holding an empty ribbon in his hand, looking back and hating Yiyi.
Sword and song
Over the past 40 years, my motherland has been covered with mountains and rivers for three thousand miles.
Long Ta in Fengge, a cigarette in Yushu Qiongzhi.
I've known him several times.
Once I was classified as a minister, I bent down and took time.
The most hasty day is to resign from the temple, and there is still a farewell song in the teaching workshop.
Tears for Gong E.
Common poppy/corn poppy/poppy
The wind returns to the yard, and the spring scenery continues.
After half a day's silence,
The sound of the bamboo crescent moon is still like that of the past.
The ice on the surface of the pool is melting before the song is over.
Candles are bright and fragrant, and paintings are deep.
The temple is full of frost and snow, which is hard to remember.
and
When is the spring flower and autumn moon, how much is known about the past.
The small building blew eastward again last night.
The old country can't bear to look back on the mid-Ming Dynasty.
Carved fences and jade bricks should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them.
Ask how sad you can be,
Like a river flowing eastward.
Coffee senna
Idle dreams are far away, and flowers bloom in the south.
On the boat, the strings of the river are floating, and the city is flying and rolling.
Kill the flower watcher!
and
Idle dreams are far away, and the south is clear in autumn.
Thousands of miles away, the cool color is in the distance, and a boat is moored in the depths of the reed flower.
The flute is in the Moon Building.
Coffee senna
How much hate, in my dream last night.
Also like the old garden, the car is like flowing water in Ma Rulong;
Flowers and the moon are spring breeze!
and
How many tears, broken face after horizontal H. ..
Don't worry about tears, Shengfeng will cry;
There is no doubt about heartbreak!
Black night cry
The flowers in the forest have withered,
Too hasty,
Helpless, cold rain comes early and wind comes late.
Cochineal tears, drunken dreams,
When does it weigh?
Naturally, people hate water when they grow up.
Black night cry
It was stormy last night, and autumn curtains rustled.
Candle residual leakage off-frequency pillow. You can't sit on an equal footing.
The world flows with water, which is a dream.
Drunk hometown road should be steady and frequent, unbearable.
Meet Huan
Alone in the west wing, the moon is like a hook.
Lonely phoenix tree deep courtyard locks clear autumn.
Cutting is still messy, which is parting from sorrow.
It's not just the general taste.
Midnight song
How can we avoid sadness and hatred in life? What is the limit of ecstasy alone!
The dream of the old country is back, and I feel tears falling down my eyes.
Who is the tallest building? Remember that autumn is sunny.
The past is empty, still like a dream.
Langtaosha
The past is only sad, but it is difficult to arrange the scenery.
Moss invaded the courtyard in the autumn wind.
The bead curtain is idle. Who comes all day long?
Jin Jian has been buried and full of vitality.
On a cool night, the moonlight blooms.
I want to see the shadow of the jade palace and the pool, and the sky shines on Qinhuai!
Huanxisha
Turn candles, fly dreams,
If you want to find the past and make people sad,
The desire of the heavenly religion is contrary to the flesh.
When the pool platform is empty in the current month,
Shaded flower pavilions, oblique lights,
Don't hesitate to take more clothes when boarding the plane.
Langtaosha order
The rain outside the curtain is gurgling, and the spring is fading.
Allred-rochow is too cold to stand.
I don't know if I am a dream guest, but I am insatiable in one day.
Not leaning on the fence, the vast mountains and rivers,
It's easier to see when it's not.
Running water is gone, and spring is gone.
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Li Jing's two poems
Shanhuazi
The fragrant lotus leaves are withered, and the west wind worries about the green waves. With the light * * * gaunt, ugly.
The chicken is far away in the drizzle dream, and the small building blows through the cold. How many tears are hateful to lean on.
Shanhuazi
Roll the jade hook on the bead curtain by hand, and lock the heavy building to shine in the spring. The fallen flower in the wind is so haggard, who is its owner? This makes me more and more confused.
The messenger didn't bring news to the pedestrians far away. The lilacs in the rain reminded me of sadness. Looking back at the blue waves, I will meet the sky when the spring is suddenly released.
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