Side effects of Paeonia lactiflora
Paeonia lactiflora is a famous traditional Chinese medicine in China, which has a long history of application. Paeonia lactiflora was first recorded in Shennong Materia Medica in the Eastern Han Dynasty and listed as a national medicine. Main evil, white peony abdominal pain, removing blood stasis and resolving hard mass, cold and heat hernia, relieving pain, diuresis and benefiting qi? .
Tao Hongjing is divided into white peony roots and red peony roots. Nowadays, the peony in Baishan, Shan Jiang and Maoshan is the best. It looks very white, and there are many red spots in other places. The red ones are all small profits? . Ma Zhi Notes:? There are two kinds, the red one has the function of diuresis and lowering qi, and the white one has the function of relieving pain and dispersing blood. Its flowers are also red and white? . Chen Cheng's Needless to Say Materia Medica contains: According to Benjing, Paeonia lactiflora was born in hilly valley, and most of its users were planted by others. If you want flowers and leaves to be fat, you must add manure. Every August and September, take its roots and cut them. Because it is medicine for profit, it suddenly sells dry goods. . It can be seen that cultivated peony has been widely used as medicine in Song Dynasty.
Toxic and side effects of Paeonia lactiflora
Acute toxicity of Radix Paeoniae Alba: intraperitoneal injection of methanol extract of Radix Paeoniae Alba (6g/kg). After spontaneous movement inhibition, hair erection, diarrhea and respiratory inhibition in rats and mice, half of the rats died and all the mice died within 2 days. No abnormality was found after oral administration. The LD _ (50) of paeoniflorin in mice was 3.53g/kg by intravenous injection and 9.53g/kg by intraperitoneal injection. The intraperitoneal injection of TGP LD50 in mice and rats was 65438 0 25 mg/kg and 3065438 0 mg/kg respectively. It was also reported that the LD50 of mice injected intravenously and intraperitoneally were 65438 0.59 mg/kg and 230mG/kg, respectively. 2500mg/kg, no obvious poisoning symptoms, no death. Subacute toxicity: rats were given methanol extract of Radix Paeoniae Alba 1.5g/kg and 3.0g/kg, 2 1 day. Urinary protein increased in low dose group. In the high-dose group, the body weight was significantly reduced, the red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit in the blood were significantly reduced, and the average volume of red blood cells and the amplitude of red blood cell distribution were significantly increased, suggesting that it may be megaloblastic anemia. Spleen swelling occurred in both dose groups, and its weight gain was dose-related, showing the expansion and congestion of splenic sinus. Lung weight also increased significantly.
Diet should be avoided.
Appropriate: those with blood deficiency and yin deficiency should eat pain in chest and abdomen, pain in liver area and pain in cholecystitis and gallstones; Diarrhea and abdominal pain are suitable for women with abdominal pain; Those who are prone to spontaneous sweating and night sweats should eat; Patients with gastrocnemius spasm, limb contracture pain and restless leg syndrome should eat it; With licorice, it can relieve various pains in the chest, abdomen and limbs.
Taboo: Paeonia lactiflora is cold, and those with abdominal pain and diarrhea due to deficiency-cold should not eat; Children should not eat during measles; People who take veratrum are forbidden to eat it.
Pharmacological effects of Paeonia lactiflora
1. Effect on central nervous system Paeoniflorin has obvious analgesic effect on writhing reaction induced by acetic acid. When combined with licorice methanol compound, they have synergistic analgesic effect on writhing reaction caused by acetic acid. TGP has synergistic effect on morphine and clonidine inhibiting writhing reaction in mice. The analgesic effect of paeoniflorin cannot be blocked by naloxone. It also does not affect the contraction of longitudinal muscle of ileum stimulated by low frequency electric field in guinea pigs. It is suggested that the analgesic effect of Paeonia lactiflora is not caused by stimulating opioid receptors. Total glucosides of paeony (1 ~ 40 mg/kg) inhibited writhing, screaming and hot-plate reaction in mice in a dose-dependent manner, and prolonged the latency of hot-plate reaction in rats, with a peak of 0.5 ~ 1 hour. Different pain indexes reflect different functional activities of pain integration center. The tail flick reaction is mainly completed by the spinal cord, while the hind foot reaction of screaming and licking is completed in the higher center, which can reflect emotional activities to some extent. TGP has no obvious effect on tail flick reaction, but it can inhibit screaming and licking reaction, indicating that TGP acts on higher center.
Total glucosides of paeony can obviously inhibit the activity of mice; It also has obvious inhibitory effect on the stimulation response of mice caused by electrical stimulation.
Total glucosides of paeony (5 ~ 40 mg/kg) can reduce the normal body temperature of mice and rats in a dose-dependent manner, with a peak of 0.5 ~ 1 hour. Its cooling effect is influenced by the environment. A small amount of TGP (2.4mg/kg) injected into the lateral ventricle of rats also has obvious cooling effect. H 1- receptor blocker chlorpheniramine (subcutaneous injection 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg) can obviously antagonize the cooling effect of TGP on rats and mice. Therefore, some people think that TGP can reduce the temperature and sensitize brain H655.
2. Effect on cardiovascular system: The water-soluble substances of Paeonia lactiflora can obviously prolong the survival time of myocardial hypoxia induced by isoproterenol; Resist the ECG changes caused by pituitrin; Increase the nutritional blood flow of mouse myocardium.
In vivo experiments show that Paeonia lactiflora can constrict blood vessels and increase peripheral resistance. Total glucosides of paeony can increase diastolic blood pressure, increase dp/dtmax and slow down heart rate in rabbits. Phentolamine has no blocking effect on its pressor effect, but can also enhance the pressor effect of NA and enhance the intensity of heart sound. However, TGP can dilate isolated rabbit ear blood vessels, increase the number of drops and volume per minute (ml). It has no obvious effect on isolated rabbit aortic strips, but can significantly increase the contraction effect of NA on rabbit aortic strips.
3. Spasmodic effect Paeoniflorin has a good spasmolytic effect, and its spasmolytic effect is the result of direct action on intestinal smooth muscle. Paeoniflorin and Radix Paeoniae Alba extracts can inhibit the spontaneous contraction of isolated small intestine in guinea pigs and reduce the tension, but have no obvious effect on the intestinal contraction caused by acetylcholine, but can inhibit the intestinal contraction caused by barium chloride. Through the research on the spasmolytic effect of Paeonia lactiflora decoction, some people think that Paeonia lactiflora inhibits the release of acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerve endings and has presynaptic inhibitory effect. The effect of Paeonia lactiflora is thought to be related to adenosine-like substances, but theophylline can not completely inhibit the effect of Paeonia lactiflora, so the effect of Paeonia lactiflora is related to adenosine-like substances and other substances.
At low concentration, paeoniflorin can stimulate the isolated uterine movement of mice, but at high concentration, it can inhibit it. Paeoniflorin has obvious inhibitory effect on oxytocin-induced uterine contraction.
4. Protective effect on liver. The extract of Paeonia lactiflora has obvious antagonistic effect on liver injury and SGPT increase induced by D- galactosamine, and can reduce SGPT. The ethanol extract of Radix Paeoniae Alba can reduce the total activity of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in rats with acute liver injury induced by aflatoxin B 1. Total glucosides of paeony can inhibit the increase of GPT and lactate dehydrogenase in mice plasma induced by carbon tetrachloride, and have a certain antagonistic effect on the acid degeneration and necrosis of liver tissue. The liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride is caused by the peroxide destruction of cell membrane structure, which increases alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in blood. Total glucosides of paeony may have protective effect on hepatocyte injury, so it can reduce transaminase.
5. Anti-inflammatory experiments show that TGP has obvious preventive and therapeutic effects on adjuvant arthritis in rats, at the same time, it can make peritoneal macrophages in rats produce too much hydrogen peroxide, reduce the level of interleukin-1, and restore the low thymocyte reaction and the ability of spleen lymphocytes to produce interleukin -2 caused by adjuvant arthritis in rats. It is suggested that TGP has anti-inflammatory and function-dependent immunomodulatory effects on adjuvant arthritis in rats. TGP extract can significantly inhibit acute inflammation of rat egg white.
6. The study of immune system shows that Paeonia lactiflora can enhance the phagocytic function of macrophages. Mice were given 0.8ml/ of 50% Radix Paeoniae Alba decoction every day for 5 consecutive days, and the phagocytosis percentage and phagocytosis index of peritoneal macrophages in mice were significantly higher than those in the control group. Oral administration of TGP 40mg/kg every day can also promote the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages in mice. The experiment shows that TGP has inhibitory effect on peritoneal macrophages in mice. Total glucosides of paeony can promote the production of interleukin-1 induced by lipopolysaccharide in rat peritoneal macrophages at low concentration, and inhibit its production at high concentration. Because interleukin-1 plays an important role in immune regulation and the formation of chronic inflammatory diseases, it can be considered that the regulation of total glucosides of paeony on the production of interleukin-1 may be one of its mechanisms of immune regulation and prevention and treatment of arthritis. Some experiments also show that TGP can inhibit leukotriene B4 production by peritoneal macrophages in rats in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of 100mg/L is similar to that of fluoroimidazole, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with the same dose, but the effect is slow. Its 50% inhibition rate is 0.66 mg. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of TGP may also be related to its influence on leukotriene B4 production.