China strategist and politician. Founder of China People's Liberation Army and one of Marshal People's Republic of China (PRC). 189965438+Born in Jiangjin, Sichuan on February 29th. 19 1965438 went to France for work-study programs at the end of 2009. In August 2009, 1922 joined the European Youth League of China (later renamed the European Branch of the Socialist Youth League of China) and was transferred to China the following spring. 1924 10 to study in the Soviet union. 1After returning to China in August, 925, he served as secretary of the Political Department and political instructor of Huangpu Military Academy, member of the Military Commission of Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, and secretary of the Military Commission of Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. Since then, he has participated in the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC)'s dispatch of Chinese Communist Party party member to the Northern Expeditionary Army.

1in mid-July, 927, he served as the secretary of the former enemy military commission of the Communist Party of China, and served as the party representative of the Eleventh Army of the Rebel Army after attending the Nanchang Uprising. In February of the same year, he participated in leading the Guangzhou Uprising. 1928 served as Secretary of the Military Commission of Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and 1930 served as Minister of Organization Department of Shunzhi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. After May of the same year, he worked in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission, and persisted in secret struggles in Hong Kong, Tianjin and Shanghai. 193/kloc-0 entered the central Soviet area in June 5438+February, and successively served as deputy director of the General Political Department of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army and political commissar of the First Corps, and was elected as the executive member of the Central Committee of chinese soviet republic. In April of the same year, the political commissar of Ren Hongjun East Road Army participated in the command of Zhangzhou Campaign. /KLOC-After the winter of 0/932, he led the fourth and fifth counter-campaigns against "encirclement and suppression" with the army chief Lin Biao. 1935, he supported Mao Zedong's ideas at the Zunyi meeting. After crossing the Jinsha River, he served as the political commissar of the Central Red Army Advance Team. He led his troops to take part in two expeditionary campaigns in Zhiluo Town and East and West. 1936165438+1October, participated in commanding the Battle of Mountain Castle.

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he served as the deputy commander and political commissar of the Eighth Route Army 1 15 Division, participated in the command of the Pingxingguan Campaign, and won the first great victory after the start of the Anti-Japanese War. 1937165438+1October, served as commander and political commissar of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region, and established the first anti-Japanese base area behind enemy lines in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border region. /kloc-in the winter of 0/939, he commanded the battle between Yin Suya and Huangtuling, and killed the head of Lieutenant General Abe, who was called the flower of a famous soldier by the Japanese army. 1August, 940, during the Hundred Regiments War, organized and commanded troops to carry out customs-breaking operations on Zheng Tai, Jinpu, Pinghan and Beining railway lines. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/943, I returned to Yan 'an to participate in the rectification movement. 1945, the troops of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region deployed to counterattack Japan.

During the War of Liberation, he served as commander of North China Military Region, second secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China North China Bureau, deputy chief of staff of China People's Liberation Army Military Commission, garrison commander of Ping Jin, and mayor of Beiping (now Beiping). He has participated in and commanded battles in Zheng Tai, Qingfengdian, Shijiazhuang and Ping Jin.

1950 served as acting chief of general staff of the People's Liberation Army at the beginning, assisting the Central Military Commission in deploying the People's Liberation Army to continue to liberate the southwest region and the southeast coastal islands and eliminate the remnants of Kuomintang armed forces and bandits. In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, he participated in the deployment, training, transportation, supply and rotation of Chinese people's Volunteer Army's going abroad. Participated in the establishment of leading bodies of various services and arms and a number of military academies, and organized the formulation of military rules and regulations. 1954 vice chairman of the people's revolutionary military commission of the central people's government. 1955 was awarded the rank of Marshal People's Republic of China (PRC), 1st Class August 1st Medal, 1st Class Medal of Independence and Freedom and 1st Class Medal of Liberation. 1956 1 1 served as the deputy prime minister of the State Council. 1958 concurrently serves as the director of the State Council science and technology commission. 1959 concurrently serves as the director of the National Defense Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of National Defense, leading scientific and technological research and organizing state cooperation. It took only five years to successfully develop various missiles and atomic bombs, and soon developed hydrogen bombs.

During the Cultural Revolution, we fought against the counter-revolutionary groups of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing. 1983 ~ 1988 served as the vice chairman of the central military commission. /kloc-0 was awarded the first-class Red Star Meritorious Medal of China People's Liberation Army in July, 1988.

1May 1992 14 at 22: 43, died of heart failure in Beijing at the age of 93. Author of Memoirs of Nie. He is the vice chairman of the first, second and third National Defense Commission, the fourth and fifth NPC Standing Committee, the seventh to twelfth the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the eighth the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, the ninth and tenth Central Committee and the eleventh and twelfth the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee.

Capture Jiufeng Mountain

The Long March is a great pioneering work in human history. But at that time, it was a large-scale strategic shift with no way out for the Red Army. The initial goal was to cross the Xiangjiang River and join forces with the Second and Sixth Army Corps in western Hunan and Hubei to open up a new situation. Hasty action, but also out of secrecy, why, where and how to transfer, did not mobilize the majority of commanders and soldiers. 10 June10, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission set out from Ruijin and led more than 86,000 people from the Red Army and the rear organs to embark on a long journey.

After 10+07, the first regiment left the area west of Ruijin and crossed the Duyu River. Before departure, the CMC allocated two additional training regiments with a total strength of 1.98 million.

As the sun sets, Nie Rongzhen slowly walks out of the army headquarters. Even in the face of such an unprecedented action, he came to the Du Yu River leisurely. Teams of troops crossed the bridge and climbed onto the opposite steamed buns. How many people often look back? He stepped onto the bridge. The river swished under the bridge and meandered away. He felt that the milk of the villagers in the Soviet area flowed in the Du Yu River and nurtured and strengthened the Red Army. Duyu River, a river in the Soviet area, connects the hearts of villagers in the Soviet area and embodies Nie Rongzhen's infinite attachment to the people in the Soviet area. He started climbing the mountain, kept looking back and finally reached the top of the mountain. Further on, it is still the land of the Soviet area, but Ruijin is not visible. He stood on the top of the mountain for a long time and looked at the familiar scenery excitedly. Duyu River turned into a golden thread in the bloody sunset, and the village was shrouded in gray mist. By the river at the head of the village, the villagers watched their soldiers go away.

Nie Rongzhen still remembers when he entered the Soviet area. What a sharp contrast that mood has formed with the present mood! A man riding a horse, the bright moon and the quiet village remain in his memory. At that time, he was so excited and eager that he arrived in Ruijin from western Fujian. He remembers how many times he led a group to the vast areas of dozens of counties, how many times he crossed the Duyu River, and the peak years of two years and zero 10 months. All this will become the past. Soon it will become another world. What disasters will happen to people here? He feels worried and sad!

He rode on. The sound of hooves left the afterglow of the sunset, the small plain surrounded by mountains and the ancient pagoda on the hill opposite the small plain.

Although everyone is in a heavy mood, the marching team of the Red Army is very neat, all wearing Jiangxi hats. But if you make a high-altitude projection, it is not difficult to find out how heavy the overall formation is. It seems to be a sedan chair, with the Red Army Corps sticking out on the left, followed by the Hong Jiu Army Corps, the Red Army Corps sticking out on the right, followed by the Red Army Corps, and four legions guarding the columns of the Central Military Commission from all directions. The Red Fifth Army is the defender of the whole army. The stele is the central nerve of the team. It looks so heavy, even the heavy machine for printing paper money is brought, and the action is inevitably too slow. Lin and Nie once said that such a heavy marching team is very unfavorable to combat, and they are very worried about it.

10 10/2 1 day, Lin and Nie sent men to capture Xintian, the first division, and the sixth golden rooster, the second division, and occupied Shiwei again the next day, breaking through the enemy fortress line. The first division of the Guangdong Army retreated to Anxi, and the Red Army Corps pursued the victory. At the same time, they pursued Anxi at the gate with the Third Army with the right-wing action, and successfully broke through the first blockade line from the edge areas of Nankang and Dagengling. The successful breakthrough of the blockade was related to the secret agreement signed with the Guangdong Army in that year. Zhou Enlai Chronicle 1 989, 1 Edition, jointly published by Central Literature Publishing House and People's Publishing House, was executed by Chen, the general of Guangdong Army. 】, not seriously intercepted.

When the Red Army crossed the first blockade, it was a strange "white" area.

The Kuomintang army set up a second blockade in Guidong, Hunan, Rucheng and Chengkou, Guangdong. Lin and Nie ordered the Sixth Regiment of the Second Division to make a long-distance raid and win the entrance of Renhua County in Guangdong. The right-wing third army surrounded and monitored Rucheng. In this way, the Red Army broke through the second blockade between Chengkou and Rucheng.

It is not so easy to break through the third blockade.

At this time, Chiang Kai-shek had glimpsed the whereabouts of the Red Army, ordered his troops in Jiangxi and Fujian to chase after him, and ordered the Guangdong Army and the Hunan Army to oppress the Red Army from the north and south wings.

The Red Army is the vanguard. In carrying out the task, Nie resolutely carried out the order and led his troops to occupy the commanding heights of Jiufeng Mountain.

The task of the Red Army Corps is to send an army to control Jiufeng Mountain, a commanding height of more than 10 kilometers east of the Guangdong-Han Railway, to prevent the Guangdong army from attacking the Red Army after occupying Lechang, so as to cover the passage from Jiufeng Mountain of the Central Column to Wu Zhifeng. Lin Biao didn't want to occupy Jiufeng Mountain, but wanted to rush through Lechang at once. The reason is that the enemy has not yet arrived in Lechang. If Lechang succeeds, it will naturally prevent the Guangdong enemy from attacking the Central Column from there. Nie Rongzhen resolutely opposes Lin Biao's fluky psychology of only caring about the safety of the Central Committee and other troops. He said to Lin Biao, "That won't do! I also estimate that the enemy may not have arrived in Lechang yet. But we still have a long way to go from Lechang. How can our feet match the enemy's wheels? Even if the enemy has not arrived in Lechang, it is possible to meet him in Lechang, because the enemy came by bike. At the same time, we can't just run around Lechang by ourselves. What if we don't occupy Jiufeng Mountain and the enemy cuts off the troops behind us? " Nie Rongzhen insisted on acting according to the orders of the Central Military Commission.

Zuo Quan, chief of staff of the First Army Corps, suggested that Chen Guang, the second division commander, take a company to Lechang for reconnaissance. Nie Rongzhen said, "Reconnaissance can be done or not. When you go to scout, the enemy may not have arrived yet. After reconnaissance, the enemy may have arrived. As such an important cover task, we can't do these uncertain things. I agree to send people to scout, but the troops will continue to advance and must obey the orders of the Military Commission. They must send troops to control Jiufeng Mountain. " The troops followed the established route. Nie faithfully performed his duties as a political commissar.

The second division commander came back from reconnaissance and reported that he had seen the enemy on Lechang Avenue.

165438+1At 3: 00 pm on October 6, the Army Corps Department arrived at Makengwei. Lin Biao used the enemy's telephone lines to personally spy on the enemy. On the phone, he disguised himself as an enemy and talked with the head of Lai Tian militia near Lechang. Of course, the head of the enemy militia did not expect that it was the Red Army who was talking to him. He also asked where the Lin Biao Red Army was, and said that three regiments of the Guangdong Army Deng Longguang Department arrived in Lechang the day before yesterday. 1 Today they are close to Jiufeng Mountain. Lin Biao put the phone down and hurriedly ordered two divisions and four regiments to seize Jiufeng Mountain at all costs. Four regiments attacked in the middle of the night and captured Jiufeng Mountain in one fell swoop. When it rains heavily, the road is muddy and difficult to move. They fought fiercely in Jiufeng Mountain for a day, and completed the task of covering the Central Column and Hong Jiu Legion.

In addition to sending four regiments to occupy Jiufeng Mountain, Lin and Nie also sent effective troops to attack Chaling on the west side of Jiufeng Mountain to monitor the enemy of Jiu Feng Wei and ensure the safety of the left wing.

The mountain road is rugged, it rains cats and dogs, and the military situation is urgent. The whole March was difficult.

Nie Rongzhen had horses, but like many soldiers, he gave them to patients. He often walks forward.

The troops crowded slowly on the mountain road, while the Kuomintang army was approaching, and the Xiang army and the Guangdong army attacked from the north and south.

The Red First Division completed the task of seizing Baishidu.

The Red Third Army Corps, which acted on the right, successively occupied Yizhang and fertile land in Chenzhou, Hunan Province.

1 14 years 10 14 days, the main force of the Red Army passed the third blockade line between Yizhang and Tian Liang, turned to Guangxi and advanced to Xiangjiang River. The first regiment became a defender because of the cover mission and passed the third blockade at 15.