1, papermaking; After Cai Lun improved papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty, paper gradually entered the lives of ordinary people, and the spread of characters had a carrier. Later, papermaking spread to the world, and the spread and inheritance of major civilizations were greatly helped.

2. gunpowder; The invention of gunpowder directly transformed mankind from the cold weapon era to the hot weapon era. On the one hand, the widespread spread of gunpowder has promoted the development of the world process, but at the same time it has also brought endless wars and disasters, which can be described as a double-edged sword.

3. compass; The invention of compass mainly promoted the development of navigation industry. Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas in China's history, the opening of new routes in Europe in the Middle Ages and the colonial wars abroad were all inseparable from the large-scale popularization of the compass.

4. Steam engine; The influence of the steam engine led to the rise of transportation. The birth of steam trains, steam boats, especially steam boats, has changed the colonial way in Europe for centuries, from sailing boats to steam boats, and accelerated the speed of European colonial plunder and the pace of world communication.

5. radio; Mobile phones, computers, telephones, etc. What we are using now is the wide application of radio. It can be said that the development of radio has greatly changed and promoted the way of human communication.

6, penicillin. 1940 officially used penicillin to treat diseases, and the effect was remarkable. Penicillin, as the first clinical antibiotic, has saved countless lives and is of great significance in the history of medical development.