In the first two issues, nearly 6000 words were used to introduce the past lives and tour guides of Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. I hope more people can understand this skyscraper thousands of years ago. I'll take you into the tower in this issue. In order to protect the wooden tower, tourists are not allowed to climb it now!
Click on the blue word to watch the first two episodes:
The first episode: Past Life of Wooden Pagoda: Yingxian Wooden Pagoda has not fallen for thousands of years, but the wall was demolished by ignorant experts, resulting in serious tilt and no one to repair it.
The second episode: Wooden Pagoda Guide: Yingxian Wooden Pagoda won't fall down for thousands of years, and no one can repair it if it is transformed wrong, which has higher tourism value.
Visitors can only visit the first floor, but they are full of curiosity about the second floor and above, and there are also many questions, such as what is in this Millennium wooden tower? Why can it last for thousands of years? Why are there no moths? Why not be afraid of lightning?
Come on, come upstairs with me!
There are 26 icons and 2 mounts in the wooden tower. Whether you believe in Buddhism or not, please pay homage to the icon with respect, and of course, don't be too nervous, because they, like Confucius and the teachers who taught us knowledge and skills, only taught us to explore the true meaning of life, so they also called Sakyamuni a "teacher".
There is only one purpose to support the icon: to respect the teacher and see the sage Si Qi.
It doesn't matter if you don't recognize such a teacher. In the face of thousands of years of cultural relics, we should also have a respectful heart. This is a respect for ancestors and a respect for the legacy left by ancestors.
On the first floor is our teacher Sakyamuni, which is also the highest indoor clay sculpture icon in China. The dome caisson at the top gives people an unpredictable feeling. It is said that it was modeled after the emperor of Liao Dynasty at that time, so you can still see the beard around your mouth now.
On the second floor is a square altar dedicated to teachers, two bodhisattvas and two mighty attendants. The colors of this group of statues are still very bright.
The third floor is an octagonal altar with four statues standing opposite each other. Except for the golden head and chest, the rest of the statue has no color. I don't know if it is turbid or the color has fallen off.
The fourth floor is our teacher, two big disciples, two bodhisattvas, two mounts, two small protectors and nine statues. There is no decoration on the top of the second, third and fourth floors, and the statue is colorless.
The four-story statue has the richest content and the most vivid image. The Buddha, together with Manjusri and Pu Xian, is the Three Sages of Hua Yan, and two disciples Ananda and Ye Jia were added. Manjusri Bodhisattva's mount is a green lion, and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva's mount is a six-toothed white elephant.
Especially the statues of two children beside the two mounts. I looked up some information, but I couldn't find out who these two little guys were. Which friend knows to share it in the comments section? Although they are small, their posture is not small. Look at him holding his head high and charging. The big green lion looked down at his expression, which was the kind of love from the elders to the younger generation.
Although the big lion has a big mouth, his cute expression makes people feel cute and not afraid at all. If you look closely, there is still color on it, which shows that these statues were painted before.
The fifth and highest floor is dedicated to the Dharma Body of our teacher, Perruzza Na, Eight Bodhisattvas, and Nine * * *. The solemn and compassionate teacher sat in the middle, and eight bodhisattvas with different handprints sat in eight directions, forming a nine-square layout. The icons in the wooden pagoda are full and have the legacy of the Tang Dynasty.
The top of the fifth floor is the top of the tower, with an octagonal painted dome. There is no dark layer in the heart of the whole wooden tower, and the tall and empty space is only decorated with statues, which enhances the solemn feeling of the icon. This is a reasonable design of Yingxian wooden tower, which is a model of ancient architecture.
The most outstanding achievement of Yingxian wooden tower structure is that it adopts the structure of "tube in tube", that is, the outer tube and the inner tube are composed of outer column and inner column (called "outer groove" and "inner groove" in the architectural method of Northern Song Dynasty), and they are connected by bucket and beam frame, forming an extremely solid structural system.
The "inner cylinder" serves as a space for worshipping Buddha statues on all floors. The edge of the "outer cylinder" is provided with stairs and a cloister for believers to surround the Buddha statues. Mutaming has five floors and four dark floors. When you climb the tower, you will see the dark floor, and you will climb the ninth floor.
The outer tube also has a circle of cloister balcony for viewing, which makes full use of all the space, and with the unique design and wisdom of the ancients, Yingxian Wooden Pagoda has become one of the most outstanding contributions in the history of ancient pagodas in China.
This is a three-story balcony, and the columns are so inclined that I can't breathe when I walk on it. Although it is unnecessary, it is an instinctive reaction that I can't control myself.
This is the balcony outside the fifth floor, and the columns are not obviously inclined. Standing on the fifth floor, you can overlook the panoramic view of Yingcheng County. The melee from Liao Dynasty to warlords played a lookout role in the military.
The outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are connected by these buckets and beams, forming an extremely strong structural system. On the beam, there are file labels left over from the repairs of past dynasties.
This is a reinforced support bracket, and the iron hoop is used for later repair.
These light-transmitting wooden lattice windows were replaced by "mud walls" (including diagonal braces) during maintenance in the 1930s. Liang Sicheng was very sad when he learned that the mud wall had been demolished. It's not that Mr. Liang, who devoted his life to "Gu Lou", is sad. Even we hope that we can not go back to that era and try our best to stop this stupid behavior. At that time, Mr. Liang called for repair as soon as possible, otherwise the wooden tower ... was not taken seriously!
Although the replaced wooden lattice window lattice increases the light transmittance from the inside and is transparent and exquisite from the outside, a wooden tower nearly 70 meters high swings more and more in the wind because the wooden lattice does not have enough bearing capacity. There are many repair schemes, such as falling frame overhaul, lifting overhaul and steel frame support, but they all have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is also said that it is feasible to restore the mud wall, as Mr. Liang Sicheng said in those days. The present situation of wooden towers is not optimistic, which is a heart disease for many people who like ancient buildings. I wonder when Lu Ban will appear again.
Here are some plaques on each floor. Please enjoy it carefully.
Have you ever seen the birds flying above the wooden tower? These birds are called "Ma Yan". They have guarded the wooden pagoda for generations, and winter has gone and spring has never stopped. This is also one of the important reasons why most people think that wooden towers are not eaten by insects.
They settled on the wooden tower, and from their point of view, they are the owners of the wooden tower.
Residents living near the wooden pagoda are used to swallows blending into their daily life with the sound of wind chimes.
How many generations have they passed down? They don't know it themselves, but they exist with the wooden tower, which is also a beautiful scenery. Many tourists are also waiting for the swallows to return to their nests, just to photograph the spectacular sight of swallows circling around the wooden pagoda.
Where we can't set foot is where they wander at will. When we look up at the wooden tower, we are also looking up at the birds. It has also been suggested that bird droppings will corrode wooden towers. what do you think?
Of course, there is another important reason why there has been no moth-eaten for thousands of years. It is said that the red pine used for wooden towers is inherently moth-proof.
The wooden tower is the tallest building within 100 kilometers of Fiona Fang, Fiona Fang, and it becomes the target of electric shock during lightning and thunder. But no matter how fierce the lightning is, the wooden tower in Yingxian will stop. What is the reason? Look at that spire!
The spire is assembled from bottom to top by various instruments, such as lotus, compound bowl, phase wheel, flame, moon, ball, tower brake, chain and so on. Whenever there is lightning and thunder, the tower gate acts as a lightning rod, and the eight chains become lightning rods that lead the thunder down. The wooden tower is also an all-wood structure, which has insulation effect on electricity. The wooden tower can safely avoid lightning. What about the design of the ancients?
This is Tasha taken by Liang Sicheng himself during the mapping of 1933. Everyone thinks that Mr. Liang is a weak scholar. In fact, Mr. Liang is still a man of practice. He grabbed the chain and climbed the tower gate with his feet suspended with amazing arm strength, completing the mapping of the whole tower. So high, so dangerous, without any protective measures. Do you think cattle are not cattle? Those who dare to do this are simply mapping with their lives. This selfless spirit makes us admire.
I am not afraid of heights. I want to have absolute safety protection measures, and someone should operate in front of me, but I dare not go up this wooden tower.
The wooden pagoda has survived dozens of earthquakes in the Millennium, as well as the scuffle between warlords in the Republic of China and the shelling during the liberation of Yingxian County. Is this blessed by Buddha and Bodhisattva or does the wooden tower have any special function?
From ancient times to modern times, soaring above thousands of clouds. Seven days after the earthquake, he was still strong, and his heroism melted into the soul of heaven and earth. This is a song praising that the wooden tower is still strong seven days after the earthquake, and it has become the soul of heaven and the soul of earth.
The first episode introduces one of the reasons why the tower has not fallen for thousands of years, that is, the arch of the tower has played an important role. The internal structure of the wooden tower is also introduced above. In addition to the bucket arch beam frame, there is another important reason: foundation and bottom column!
Clever craftsmen first built a tower foundation with a total thickness of 6.4 meters, which is located 2 meters underground. There are 32 cylindrical foundations on the stone foundation, which are distributed in three circles. Columns are placed on these column bases, and the columns are connected with each other through wooden beams to form an octagonal column network.
2600 tons of wood, all the weight of which is pressed on 32 wooden pillars on the first floor, 24 outer rings and 8 inner rings. It is unimaginable that each pillar should bear more than 80 tons. Even more incredible, it is said that these pillars will "move" on time!
There is no socket on the stone foundation under the column, and the section of the column is directly on the column foundation, which is amazing. Therefore, there is a saying among the local people, which probably means that these 24 pillars are on duty at all times, taking turns to take up their posts, and the wooden tower is static and motionless. Ordinary people can't tell what is going on. It can only be said that the wisdom of ancient craftsmen has to be admired by future generations, and this wooden tower is alive.