As people gradually realize the various impacts of human activities on the ecological environment, the sustainable development of tourism has become one of the important issues concerned by the ecological community. Eco-tourism is considered as one of the best modes of sustainable development of tourism, because it advocates people to know and protect nature, and emphasizes the development and protection of tourism resources and its development with communities. However, while developing eco-tourism, it will also cause some damage to the environment. Therefore, it is very necessary to explore the environmental protection measures of eco-tourism.
I. Eco-tourism and Eco-tourism Environment
As early as 1965, Herzt, an American scholar, advocated the so-called "eco-tourism", which was later promoted by Claude, a Canadian scholar. Maureen used it in the article "Eco-cultural Tourism Planning with the Participation of Local Residents and Associations". 1992 "United Nations World Conference on Environment and Development" was held, which promoted the concept and principle of sustainable development of ecotourism worldwide. 1993 the definition of international ecotourism association is that ecotourism is a tourism activity with dual responsibilities of protecting the natural environment and maintaining the lives of local people. International resource organizations believe that eco-tourism is "to appreciate the natural aesthetic as the original intention, while showing concern for the environment." Lu, a Chinese scholar, defines it as "marginal ecological engineering and tourism activities that can not only obtain social and economic benefits, but also promote the protection of ecological environment, taking ecological principles as indicators and taking ecological environment and natural resources as guidance".
Under the definition of eco-tourism, eco-tourism environment can be defined as: eco-tourism environment is an environment centered on eco-tourism, which refers to the sum of all external conditions on which eco-tourism activities depend for survival, development and development. Paying attention to the protection of resources and environment is a part of the tourism environment, which is different from the tourism environment. It conforms to the basic principles of ecology and environmentology, aims at the benign operation of the system, and is a tourist environment that meets the psychological perception of tourists with the tourism capacity of a tourist destination as the limit.
Second, eco-tourism environmental protection case
In recent decades, the rapid development of tourism has attracted great attention from all countries in the world. Since "eco-tourism" was put forward, scholars have studied it one after another, and the tourism industry has also practiced it. There are both successful cases and failed cases. Let's discuss several successful cases of eco-tourism and environmental protection, and summarize their environmental protection experience. This paper discusses from two aspects: engineering planning and government support.
(1) Eco-tourism environmental protection at the engineering planning level —— Taking Qingdao Magpie Mountain Forest Ecological Leisure Park as an example.
Magpie Forest Ecological Leisure Park is located on the west coast of Qingdao, Huangshan Economic Zone in Jiaonan City, north of Shagou Reservoir, south of Hanjiazhai and Yuejiacun, west of Xiaozhushan Reservoir and east of Xuejiazhuang. In order to prevent eco-tourism from damaging the environment, at the beginning of development, Magpie Mountain Forest Leisure Park has formulated detailed environmental protection engineering design scheme and related detailed rules, designed the project in strict accordance with the requirements of eco-tourism, and made good feedforward control. Its design scheme is mainly divided into five parts, which are designed closely around the principle of ecological protection.
Protection engineering design principles:
(1) The construction of the park project focuses on protection and adheres to the principle of combining development with protection to ensure a virtuous circle of natural ecological environment.
(2) The protection project of the park should proceed from reality and choose the construction scheme in combination with the regional characteristics. The facilities of the protection project should meet the following requirements: First, adjust measures to local conditions, use local materials to facilitate construction; Second, the protective engineering facilities are firm, applicable and in harmony with the surrounding landscape; Third, the protection of engineering facilities should be treated artistically, which can play the role of scenic spots and beautiful scenery.
(3) According to the characteristics of the protected object and the technical requirements of scientific management, determine appropriate and effective protection measures.
(4) Put forward active prevention and control measures for pests, endemic diseases and pollution that endanger the growth and survival of species.
The following four parts make detailed design provisions for biological resources protection, landscape resources protection, ecological environment protection and safety and health engineering design. Among them, biological resources protection is subdivided into plant resources protection and wildlife resources protection. In the protection of plant resources, the corresponding recovery and development measures have been formulated for rare plants. Special attention should be paid to prohibiting hunting activities in animal resources. Ecological environmental protection is mainly to prevent waste gas, waste water and radioactive substances, as well as the destruction of the environment by engineering construction. Safety and health engineering is mainly aimed at the necessary design and planning of safety and health facilities set up by tourists to prevent environmental damage.
This paper mainly discusses the experience of eco-tourism environmental protection measures from the planning and design of environmental protection projects.
(B) Eco-tourism and government environmental protection —— Taking Wuyishan Nature Reserve in Fujian as an example
Wuyishan Heritage is located in the northwest of Fujian Province, China, with a total area of 999.75 square kilometers. The whole area is divided into four protected areas, namely, the biodiversity protected area in the west, the Jiuquxi ecological protected area in the middle, the natural and cultural landscape protected area in the east and the Yuewangcheng site protected area in Chengcun.
Wuyishan eco-tourism is mainly based on the support of the government in its development process, and its environmental protection experience mainly includes the following points:
1. Correctly handling the relationship between development and protection is the premise of environmental protection.
In the process of eco-tourism construction in Wuyishan, the relationship between development and protection has been well handled, and the policy of "paying equal attention to development and protection, and development obeys protection" has been seriously implemented. The government has spent a lot of money on resource protection from tourism revenue, and invested 340 million yuan in the second phase of protection construction for the improvement of tourism infrastructure and the monitoring of tourism environment. This has given strong financial support to Wuyishan's environmental protection work economically.
2. Protect the ecological environment of Wuyishan through the construction of systems and regulations.
The protection history of Wuyi Mountain can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. On Jingu Rock in Jiuquxi, there is a stone inscription of fishing ban in Chong 'an County: "... poisonous fish, bighead carp and nets are not allowed to enter the country within 30 miles ..." This stone-saving method is regarded as a classic ancient environmental protection law by experts at home and abroad. With the development of tourism, managers at the provincial and municipal levels strictly abide by the relevant national protection laws and regulations on the one hand, and formulate practical local regulations on the other hand, such as Regulations on the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage in Wuyishan, Fujian Province, Measures for the Administration of Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, Regulations on the Administration of Wuyishan Scenic Area, etc. The formulation of laws and regulations has effectively protected the ecological resources of Wuyishan.
3. Cultivate the environmental awareness of tourism professionals and tourists.
In recent years, Wuyishan has been strengthening eco-tourism propaganda, increasing eco-moral education in the annual training of tour guides, improving the overall environmental awareness of tour guides, and making tourists actively respond and participate in protecting the ecological environment through the words and actions of tour guides, thus achieving the purpose of protecting the ecological environment.
In cultivating tourists' environmental awareness, first of all, set up propaganda signs of ecological protection in the obvious position of tourist attractions. For example, in front of many scenic spots, you can see "nothing but photography, leaving nothing but footprints", "Protecting the world natural and cultural heritage is our common responsibility" and "No smoking". On the other hand, the behavior of tourists is regulated by mandatory treaties and regulations, which has aroused great concern of tourists. Those who violate the relevant regulations will be dealt with severely and given corresponding economic penalties.
Third, the conclusion
Any kind of tourism activities will have a certain impact on the environment, with advantages and disadvantages. The favorable influence mainly lies in that ecotourism itself requires high environmental quality and objectively requires improving local environmental quality; The adverse effect is that any kind of tourism activities will cause more or less damage to the environment, and eco-tourism is no exception. Therefore, we should take various protective measures before and during the development of eco-tourism to minimize the damage to the environment. Based on the above cases, from the aspect of engineering planning, reasonable engineering planning should be designed before development; The government should correctly handle the relationship between development and protection and formulate reasonable protection policies to ensure the smooth progress of eco-tourism environmental protection in this area.
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