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2. American Civil War

The south and the north jointly overthrew British colonial rule. What caused the North and South to move from alliance to war? After the independence of the United States, a joint regime of northern capitalists and southern planters was established. The nature of political power is bourgeois dictatorship, but the economic forms in the south and the north are different. The north develops capitalist industrial economy and the south develops slave plantation economy. The development of capitalist industrial economy needs a broad market, cheap free labor and a large number of raw materials, while slavery in the south hinders the development of capitalist economy in the north.

(1) The root cause of the outbreak: the slave plantation economy in the south hindered the development of American capitalist economy. In order to obtain the domestic market and labor force, the industrial and commercial capitalists in the north advocated the abolition of slavery, while the planters in the south insisted on slavery and tried their best to turn the western territory into a slave-holding state. So, what is the focus of the North-South contradiction? (the question of the preservation or abolition of slavery. Fuse: Lincoln was elected president

Why did Lincoln's election as president become the fuse of the American Civil War? Because Lincoln opposed slavery.

(3) Official outbreak: 186 1 year, the south declared war on the north and started a war.

Q: What kind of war is this for the North? (Justice) Connecting with the history of China, 186 1 year, the Westernization School of Qing Dynasty started the Westernization Movement, and Zeng Guofan founded the Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute, which was the earliest modern arsenal run by the Westernization School. China's modernization has just started. This year, the United States began a civil war, which cleared another obstacle for the development of capitalism.

(4) Initial situation: the north is losing ground.

At the beginning of the war, although the north was strong, it was at a military disadvantage. In the early days of the war, the north suffered repeated wars and defeats, and Washington was in a state of emergency twice, and the people were extremely dissatisfied. What should the north do under the pressure of defeat in front and turmoil in the rear? What measures did President Lincoln take? 1862, the government passed the Homestead Law, and in September, the Emancipation Proclamation was promulgated. The war situation has taken a turning point.

(5). Turning point-homestead law and the liberation of black slaves.

Q: What are the contents of these two decrees? What role did it play?

"Homestead Law" is a law to solve people's land problems, and people have gained tangible economic benefits. The Declaration of Slave Emancipation stipulated that slavery in rebel states was abolished from 1863 65438+ 10/and slaves were allowed to join the Union Army as free men. Therefore, these two decrees inspired the people and slaves and inspired their revolutionary enthusiasm. Both blacks and whites joined the army and fought to the death, which soon turned the tide and began to benefit the north.

(6) Counterattack: 1863

(7). As a result-1865, the North won.