April-July, 1954, Geneva Conference (Switzerland). Role: Being one of the five major countries for the first time has greatly improved China's international status and played a positive role in opening up a new diplomatic situation in China.

1955, attending the Bandung Conference (Indonesia). Impact: The first Asian-African summit without colonial countries. China put forward the policy of "seeking common ground while reserving differences", which promoted the complete success of the conference and the unity and cooperation between China and Asian and African countries. Form the "Bandung Spirit".

Influence: It has enhanced the understanding and trust between China and Asian and African countries, and expanded China's international influence.

The answer to the second question is:

1952 On July 23rd, the European Coal and Steel Community was formally established.

1 958 65438+1October1formally established the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community.

1 993165438+1October1,the Maastricht Treaty came into effect, the EU was formally established, and the three major European communities merged into the EU.