According to archaeological findings, the human social history of Hainan Island began with the "Sanya people" unearthed 10,000 years ago. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, Hainan Island was called "Southern Service Shortage" (remuneration: border), and in the Qin Dynasty it was called "beyond the county". This shows that Hainan Island was a remote border of the motherland at that time. Hainan Island is one of the four exile places, mainly Yazhou. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were more than 100 places on the island, and there was a tribal organization "Boer State" in the west of the island.

The jurisdiction of Hainan Province includes the islands and reefs of Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands and Zhongsha Islands and their sea areas. Hainan Province has a total land area of 35,000 square kilometers and a sea area of about 2 million square kilometers, of which Hainan Island covers an area of 33,900 square kilometers. There is a floating island in the northwest of Hainan Island, also known as Nightingale Island. On the map of Qing Dynasty, the largest island in China is Sakhalin Island in the northeast corner, which is bigger than Taiwan Province Island, Hainan Island and Chongming Island combined. Hainan Island was originally the third largest island in China.

Most of the mountains in Hainan Island are between 500 meters and 800 meters, which are actually hills and low mountains. There are 8 peaks 1000 meters above sea level, which have become long undulating walls on low hills. The peaks above1500m are Wuzhishan, Ying Ge Mountain, Ozone Mountain, Monkey Mountain, Yajialing Mountain and Diaoluo Mountain. These mountains are generally divided into three major mountains: Wuzhishan is located in the middle of Hainan Island, with the main peak at an altitude of 1867. 1 m, which is the highest peak in Hainan Island; Ying Ge Mountain is located in the northwest of Wuzhishan, with the main peak at an altitude of1811.6m. ..