Goethe used Faust16th century legends to express his philosophical and social views. Dr. Faust, an old doctor, studied knowledge alone in the century study, year after year, but found nothing. This is annoying. Mephistopheles, the devil, made a bet with God that he would lead Faust into the magic road, come to Faust's side, and make a contract with him: he was willing to be Faust's servant, so that Faust could get rid of his troubles and be satisfied, and he could become a slave again in an instant, and Faust replaced Mephistopheles with black. The colorful coat turned into a floating cloud, carrying Faust out to travel around the world. After all kinds of hardships and tests, Faust was blind at the age of 100, and finally he was able to transform himself into a career. He shouted, "It's beautiful. Please stay and die." According to the contract, when Faust was satisfied, he should return to Mephistopheles, but the angels saved him from the sky.
Goethe used Faust's experience to express his confidence in the ideal world in the future. On behalf of decadent forces, the embodiment of evil and darkness, Faust used various tricks to stop Faust from demanding upward struggle, emerging progressive forces went to victory, and decadent things ended in extinction.
People spoke highly of this masterpiece's ideological and artistic quality, making it among the world's masterpieces, comparable to Ding's Divine Comedy and Shakespeare's Tragedy, and becoming a rotten film in the history of world literature.
1831August Goethe, 83, finally finished the second volume of Faust. On March 28th of the following year, a literary craftsman left in an easy chair.
Faust Goethe devoted his whole life to an epic masterpiece based on the folklore of German quack John George Faust in the 6th century A.D./KLOC-0. The famous story book John Faust was published in Germany. It tells the story that Faust contracted with the devil to roam the world, enjoyed all kinds of joys in the world and died at the hands of the devil. During the Renaissance, some people created it with legends. Marlowe, an Elizabethan playwright in England, wrote the tragedy Doctor Faust. German writers Lessing and klinger also wrote works about Faust in the 438+08 century, and Germany also performed puppet shows and their plays adapted from Faust's stories.
Goethe saw puppet shows and story books about Faust when he was a child, and the idea of creating Faust came into being when he was in college, starting with 1773. 1775 I wrote some fragments because of Weimar's trip and came back from Italy. Encouraged by Goethe, the first volume of Faust was completed in 1806, and Schiller died years ago. This Goethe spent 20 years brewing and conceiving the second book, and concentrated on writing the second book in 183 1, the year before Goethe's death. It has lasted for 60 years, during which the world has undergone historic changes, and Goethe's own thoughts have also changed intermittently. All this reflects a masterpiece that spans the times and is a summary of the times and Goethe himself.
Minister Faust's 22,000-line poetic drama Part 25, Scene 2, Scene 5 and Scene 27 has no coherent plot, but the clues to the development and change of Faust's thought are as follows:
Mephistopheles, the devil, bet with God that the unsatisfied pursuit of human beings will eventually lead to their own depravity, but although human beings will inevitably make mistakes in pursuit, God can finally overcome the truth and lure Faust from the devil.
Faust is over half a year old, and old scholars have been studying all kinds of knowledge all their lives, seeking answers to the mystery. Only then do they realize that some knowledge is useless when they are dying. Being in the study is like a prison, so that they are isolated from the ego and want to commit suicide painfully, and the other world seeks a way out. The Easter bell called back the will to lead all the prosperous development in the suburbs, and the great self and the free and happy people were deeply encouraged and returned to their study. When translating the Bible, it actually conflicts with the concept that "there is a way in the early days of Thailand". When touching, I brought him back from school. Before the dog scholar appeared, Faust asked his true identity and said that he was a body that did evil and did good. In fact, Mephistopheles, the devil, became the devil and promised to be Faust's servant. When he has the conditions to start his life again, he feels satisfied and his soul will belong to the devil. Faust signed a contract with the devil.
The devil took Faust to the witch's kitchen and drank the magic soup, which turned him into a dancing teenager and restored his lust. Then they came to town. Faust had an affair with a civilian girl, called the tears of Megan. Megan's tears fell in love with Faust, and she didn't intend to overdose her mother with sleeping pills, which led to the death of the old man. Her brother Valentine died by Faust's sword, and the novice drowned. Margain, the child born in Faust, was sentenced to death in tears. At that time, Faust was having a party with the witch, and he came to save Megan's tears.
In the second part, Faust's beautiful self cured the trauma of the soul. With the arrival of the devil in the holy Roman imperial palace, the dynasty was in chaos, the upper class was decadent and corrupt, the people were hungry and cold, and the people took risks. Faust won the favor of the emperor and issued more paper money to alleviate the financial crisis. The emperor whimsically asked Faust to call Helen, an ancient Greek beauty, to watch the devil cast spells in cigarette smoke. Helen and Paris, Prince of Troy, fell in love with Helen. When Paris embraced Helen, Faust was jealous and touched Paris' phantom with a magic key. Faust disappeared immediately.
The darkness of officialdom made Faust disappointed in politics and turned to pursue classical beauty, tranquility and harmony. The devil took him back to his study. Wagner, a student of Faust, created an artificial villain in a flask. He Mongolia, Lu Tu and Mongolia led Faust to Greece to find Helen. The combination of the two gave birth to a son, Ou Fuliang, the image of Ou Fuliang. Byron, an English poet, was born to love flying high, eager to fight, and listened to the call of freedom in the distance. He rushed to the sky and flew to the sky. Helen was heartbroken, despite Faust's pain.
Faust's ambition to conquer the rough sea suddenly came into being. With the help of the devil, he helped the emperor put down the rebellion. According to Faust's orders, the devil drove people to move mountains and fill the sea, which changed things. At this time, Faust was a hundred years old, and the old man was sad and blind. Faust listened to the sound of shovels and went back to let people dig ditches and rivers, thinking that he was engaged in a great cause. He blurted out, "It's beautiful. Please stop Faust from falling to the ground as promised. When the devil wants to take his soul.
Faust went through five stages: study life, love life and political life. The pursuit of classical beauty and achievements have its realistic basis. They highly condensed the spiritual course of German and even European bourgeoisie's exploration and striving to be the first in the first few hundred years from the Renaissance19th century. Faust said that the symbolic artistic image of Goethe was created as the incarnation of the fate of all mankind, and the typical image of advanced intellectuals was enlarged during the period when all mankind actually saw the rise of the bourgeoisie, which was no different from its bourgeois thinkers in the Enlightenment. As a representative of all mankind, Faust out of the dark's study has become a great self and a broad real life, which embodies the awakening of bourgeois ideology from the Renaissance, the religious reform and the Straight Movement, the denial of religious theology, the criticism of dark reality, the anti-feudal spirit, the tearful love tragedy of Faust and Ma Jiang, and the reflection and denial of the pursuit of narrow-minded people's happiness and hedonistic egoism. The political failure shows that the political ideal of the enlightened monarch is illusory, and Helen's combination is lucky. Finally, it is declared that classical beauty educates modern people and the humanitarian ideal is disillusioned. In the end, Faust launched a large-scale reform, and found the truth of life from our ugly18th century. The enlightener described the shadow of "rational kingdom" and vaguely heard the call of utopian socialists in 65438.
The image of Faust also has higher philosophical significance, which mainly shows the famous Faust dilemma and Goethe's profound dialectical consciousness in Faust spirit, and reveals the complex relationship and development process between two contradictory factors in Faust's personality, namely, positive and good factors, negative and evil factors. A more optimistic attitude shows that Faust is always content to overcome obstacles. Go beyond self-determination and go forward bravely. The problem of your spiritual Faust is actually a common problem of human beings. Everyone can't escape the dilemma between spiritual self-desire and moral happiness and social responsibility. Some binary opposites pose serious internal contradictions to Faust and everyone. The contradiction in Faust runs through the protagonist's lifelong pursuit, reflecting the interweaving of Faust's inner conflict and Mephistopheles's inner conflict. In a sense, Faust's inner conflict also internalizes the contradiction and conflict with Mephisto fellers, while the contradiction and conflict with Mephisto fellers externalizes the inner conflict and the obstacles of his father Mephisto fellers. Deteriorating Faust's future, accompanied by master and servant, means there is always danger. Demons and slaves may fall at any time. They pursue self-improvement, rest bravely, practice and deny themselves. Faust's main personality characteristics saved them from sinking and bad luck, and realized the value and ideal of life. However, evil has played a positive role from the opposite side. Goethe dialectically regards the relationship between good and evil as absolute opposition and interdependence. The relationship of mutual transformation reveals the profound truth that human beings are fighting evil, overcoming their own contradictions and making continuous progress. At the beginning of the poetic drama, God demonstrates that good people must work hard to get lost, and at the end of the poetic drama, angels sing the lyrics of "Whoever strives for self-improvement can save our generation".
Faust is grand in conception, complex in content, huge in structure and changeable in style. Realism and Longevism are mixed with realistic description and imaginative imagination, and contemporary life and ancient legends are mixed together. He is good at using the method of contradiction and contrast to arrange scenes, allocate characters, be harmonious in time and space, satirize and praise, have various forms and mottled colors, and reach a high artistic level.
It means that Faust is a perfect work beyond reproach. Ideologically, it has the negative spirit of political revolution, the tendency to explore social change and self-improvement, and embodies the inherent weakness and compromise of the bourgeoisie and the predatory nature of the exploiting class. From the artistic point of view, the content is complicated and there are many symbols, which makes the work obscure, especially the abstract and conceptual tendency of the second Faust, which makes it difficult for readers to read and understand.