First, the changes in the most satisfactory and unsatisfactory aspects.
Generally speaking, the blocks dominated by wood structures are constantly being rebuilt and repaired due to dampness and decay, and have been undergoing different changes. Therefore, the focus of protection is not the building itself, but its formal system and overall environmental characteristics. Generally speaking, the original spatial pattern and landscape features of the old street have been basically maintained in the first phase of reconstruction, such as houses, streets, rivers, revetments, docks, bridges and courtyards, which should be satisfactory.
As for dissatisfaction, during the period from the end of the relocation to the beginning of the restoration of the old street, although the old street was surrounded by walls, scavengers took advantage of it and caused some damage to the original historical remains of the old street, such as the theft of ancient wooden doors and windows and carvings. In the future reconstruction, management should be strengthened to prevent such damage.
Second, the old street style of Luqiao after transformation
Luqiao Old Street was formed in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, also known as Shili Long Street. The streets are full of traditional brick and wood buildings, small blue tiles, drywall, wooden doors and windows. It is simple and dignified, and it is different from Nanxun and Wuzhen because of its civilian characteristics. It should be said that the restored old street is slightly higher than this style. For example, it is consistent with the original intention of improving business and living conditions to replace some broken old-fashioned board windows with lattice windows with better lighting. However, more local decorative components such as doors and windows, roofs and signboards need to be excavated to extend the original components as far as possible. The trace of the old component itself can better show its long historical development, making the ancient style still exist and the style appear.
Third, the first phase of Laojie was well received by all parties. From a professional point of view, it has something to be affirmed.
At the end of 2003, the reconstructed old street was reopened. First of all, it maintains the original spatial pattern and landscape characteristics. The facade of the old street uses traditional materials and old materials, and the old ones are restored with traditional techniques, showing a profound sense of historical dignity. Secondly, according to the development of the times, the interior of the house adopts modern technology to meet the functional requirements; Third, fully consider the use mode after restoration, so as to make it a vibrant traditional block, rather than an antique street.
Four, about the fault in the engineering repair
The restoration of traditional blocks should scientifically analyze the beam-column frame, cornice, door and window decoration, decorative components, facade characteristics, original mechanism, material texture, and the restoration and renewal of fence walls on the basis of detailed investigation of the present situation. Then determine the repair trade-off according to the existing preservation value. Therefore, the investigation and study of the present situation is the premise of repairing the gains and losses. The deeper and more detailed this step is, the more perfect the repair plan will be. Therefore, the construction unit should give the surveying and mapping and design units more adequate time arrangements, dig deep into the historical and cultural connotation of the road and bridge, and refine the historical elements belonging to the road and bridge, so as to better complete the surveying and mapping and design work. With meticulous care, the construction unit should also have enough construction time to ensure that the repair work is done in place and excellent.
Five, the revival of the ancient city and the construction of the new city need to pay attention to the problem.
The revival of the ancient city should not be the revival of the old city. The reconstruction of the old city should pursue the harmonious coexistence and coordinated development of the old and new buildings, and emphasize the layout of cultural relics, traditional blocks and new buildings in the old city, which have their own characteristics, set off each other and integrate organically. On the one hand, it is necessary to effectively protect the historical authenticity of cultural relics and historical blocks and the surrounding environment, and delimit the necessary protection scope, style coordination area and construction control zone as boundaries with the new urban areas. Then, the factories and units in the old city will be moved by stages in a planned way, because the layout is unreasonable, which affects the city's style and pollutes the environment. Pay attention to the transformation of urban sewage system, improve infrastructure, purify the old city environment, improve the use function of urban areas, and improve the quality of human settlements. Third, demolish worthless dangerous buildings, and according to the characteristics of traditional blocks, move and embed ancient buildings with similar styles that cannot be preserved in other places. Finally, the revival of the ancient city is not only the revival of traditional architecture, but also the revival of traditional markets, traditional handicrafts, traditional food, famous and special products and local folk customs.
There is indeed a contradiction between the revival of the old city and the construction of the new city, which is also controversial. At present, the common practice at home and abroad is to build a new city outside the old city, that is, to protect the old city and open up a new one. To revive the ancient city and build a new city, we must first plan. Only comprehensive, scientific and reasonable planning can realize the effective protection and sustainable development of the ancient city.
6. What suggestions are there for the construction of Luqiao New Town?
Luqiao has been a market since ancient times, so when building a new city, we must first have a certain forward-looking thinking, give Luqiao a suitable position and develop in a certain direction; Secondly, there should be scientific, reasonable and comprehensive planning to protect the old city and develop the new city, organically and reasonably link the new city and the old city, promote each other's development, and form a two-legged walk; Third, protect and make good use of the unique historical and cultural heritage of Luqiao, effectively protect, develop and make use of characteristic areas such as Shilichang Street of Luqiao, and take the road of sustainable development strategy.
Seven, the first stage of transformation is a platform, and the second stage of transformation needs to make a breakthrough on this platform.
First, seize the favorable opportunity, focus on rescue protection, select the right research topic, dig deep into cultural connotation, strengthen public opinion propaganda, improve visibility, coordinate the relations between all parties, and develop business and tourism.
Second, the transformation of historical blocks, which constitutes the decisive building of the block landscape center, cannot be changed, and others can be adjusted and strengthened according to the overall style. In addition, all the factors that mainly constitute the appearance image of the block, including roads, rivers, bridges, ancient trees, rainbows, wells and so on, can be studied, identified and protected. When the building itself is of high quality and well preserved, the original internal space form and frame system should be maintained as much as possible to increase the depth of traditional style. If the building quality is average, the facade can be maintained or even demolished and rebuilt in the facade. The restoration of single buildings can not adopt a single model, but should be treated differently according to the characteristics, damage degree and original function of each building. For facade doors and windows, decorative components, signs, etc., try to extend the original components. This is because no matter how similar the new material is to the old material, it is antique, but the texture of the old parts is completely different. It is the traces of old parts that show their long historical development and make the ancient style still exist today.
Third, strengthen the protection and management of key buildings, generally only reinforce them, and rarely restore them. At the same time, use the original buildings to run museums. If a new building is built, it should be considered to have a certain distance from the ancient city and be in harmony with the style of the ancient city. As an auxiliary means of protection, it will show the history and culture of roads and bridges to the audience.
Fourth, use corner areas to set up rest places, improve the environmental landscape and embody the people-oriented concept. Pay attention to protecting and exploring the folk customs that show the production and life forms.
Eight, the experience and lessons in the process of old city reconstruction of Luqiao.
As for the conditions of "historical and cultural protection zone", we need to concentrate on preserving more real historical relics, including houses, streets, rivers, revetments, docks, bridges, ancient wells, courtyard walls and ancient trees. Second, it is necessary to preserve a relatively complete environmental style, and there is no visual interference caused by seriously uncoordinated buildings; The third is to have a certain scale to form the integrity of the line of sight. It can be ancient or modern; It can be a tradition in China or a foreign country. The key is that it should belong to historical relics, not antique blocks and buildings built in recent years.
The core of historical traditional block is its overall style, including the combination of traditional architecture, appearance, roads, water system and green space. It is necessary to make a detailed protection plan, transform traditional buildings as they are, and gradually transform non-traditional buildings to meet the requirements of environmental features. First of all, we should pay attention to improving infrastructure, improving the quality of living environment, improving the use function of this area and protecting the vitality of the community. Don't tear down buildings and replace them with new ones, and don't replace real traditional buildings with brand-new antique buildings. The above aspects of road and bridge Shili Long Street are in place, which is worth popularizing and learning.
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