The "Kingdom of Poland" was established on the basis of the Principality of Warsaw at the Vienna Conference in 18 15, when European countries wanted to redraw the political map of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. With the establishment of the kingdom, Polish land was divided and ruled by Russia and Opus. The conference is so important to the establishment of the kingdom of Poland that the word "conference" is included in the name of this new country. The kingdom lost its status as a sovereign state in 183 1 and its administrative divisions were redrawn. Obviously, the name of the kingdom is still used by Russian officials, although at the end of Poland's rule by Russia, the status of the country was "Vistula River region" (Russian: привислински?). After the failure of the November uprising, in order to speed up the Russianization of the region and make it more closely integrated into the Russian empire, the independent government agencies and administrative agreements in the country were abolished. However, even after this formal annexation, the region still retained some independence and continued to be called the Polish Conference Kingdom until World War I, when the allied forces pushed eastward and ended Russian rule in the region.

At first, the land area of the Kingdom was about128,500 square kilometers and the population was about 3.3 million. This new country is one of the smallest countries in Poland, smaller than the former Warsaw Principality and much smaller than the Polish-Lithuanian Federation (16 18, population 1 1 10,000, territorial area 1 10,000 square kilometers). 1870, the population of this country reached 665,438+million, 1900, reaching100000. Most Poles in the Russian Empire live in the Kingdom of Polish Parliament, although there are some areas outside the Kingdom where Poles are in the majority.

The re-emergence of Poland owes much to Adam Jerzy Tsarist Russia. Czartoryski, a Polish, made an alliance with Russia to restore Poland. The Kingdom of Poland was one of the few constitutional monarchy countries in Europe at that time, and the Russian emperor represented the Polish king. In some countries occupied by Russia (such as Georgia, Kazan, Siberia, etc.), the Tsar can also be seen as a head of state. The Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland (18 15) outlines the structure of the Royal Government of the Polish Parliament. The King of Poland, the Russian Tsar, is the official head of state, and the local government is led by the Governor-General of the Kingdom of Poland, the State Council, the Administrative Council and Sam.

In theory, the Polish parliamentary kingdom had one of the most influential governments in Europe at that time, but in fact, it was a puppet country of the Russian Empire. Russian authorities often ignore the freedom clause and its sovereignty in the Constitution of the Polish Parliamentary Kingdom. The official "namestnik" was introduced into Poland in Article 3 (Governor and Council of State) of the Constitution of the Polish Convention Kingdom (18 15). The governor was appointed by the czar among the noble citizens of the Russian Empire or the Polish Kingdom, but not the naturalized citizens. The Governor-General supervises the whole government agency and presides over the State Council (Kingdom of Poland) and the Executive Council in the absence of the monarch. He can also veto the resolutions of the above two committees; However, his decision needs to be countersigned by the corresponding government ministers. The Governor-General exercises great powers and can nominate candidates for most senior positions (ministers, senators, judges of high-level special courts, members of the Council of State, examiners, bishops and archbishops).

The governor has no power in finance and diplomacy; His power in the army changes with time. If the Governor is unable to exercise his powers due to resignation or death, the President of the State Council will temporarily act as his deputy.

The post of governor has never been officially cancelled; However, after the uprising in 1 month, the position of governor in the government of the Kingdom of Poland disappeared. The last governor was Frederick William Lambert von Berg, who served as governor from 1863 until 1874 died. The tsar did not appoint a governor to replace him; The post of Governor is represented by the Governor of Warsaw-or, more specifically, by the Warsaw Military Region (Polish: Warszawski Okr? G. Voiskovi, Russian: варшавскийвоеныйк ..

The Governor of Warsaw is directly responsible to the Tsar and exercises greater power than the Governor (namestnik). In particular, he commands all the troops in the area and supervises the legal system (someone can be sentenced to death without trial). He can also issue a "legally binding statement" that can change existing laws.

Successive governors of the Kingdom of Poland:

Joseph Zayansek (1815–1826)

Vacancy (1826-183 1 year, rights and obligations are represented by the executive board)

Ivan Paz Kevic (183 1 year-old-1855)

Mikhail Dmitri Revici Gorka Kov (1855–1861May 3)

Nikolai Soho Zane (1 861May16-1861August1)

Karl Lambert (186 1 year)

Nikolai Soho Zane (186 1 year1October 1 1 day-22nd)

Alexander von Luther (186 1 year1month-1June 862)

Russian Archduke Konstantin nikolayevich (June1862-1863 65438+1October 3 1)

Friedrich Wilhelm Lambert von Berg (1863–1874) "Administrative Committee" (Polish: Rada Administracyjna) is a part of the Kingdom of the State Council. This committee was introduced by the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland in 18 15, and consists of five ministers, all specially nominated by the King and Governor of the Kingdom of Poland. Parliament carries out the king's orders, handles affairs beyond the authority of ministers, and puts forward plans for the State Council.

Parliament was reformed after the following events: Joseph ZaJancsek died in1826; 183 1 November uprising failed; The State Council abolished1841; The reform of Alexander ViLoppol 1863; The January uprising failed.

1cancelled in June, 867.