The formation of Mount Tai has experienced the evolution process from Archean to Cenozoic. Yanshan movement laid the foundation, Himalayan movement made brilliant achievements. Taishan formation belongs to a typical double-layer structure of basement and caprock of North China platform, and its geological structure is dominated by faults, which are controlled by the uplift of tilting fault blocks. Fault activity makes it uplift, which is in sharp contrast with the vast North China Plain. The southern part of Mount Tai is affected by faults, with a large increase. In the process of rising and weathering, the basement of Mount Tai suddenly rises, exposing a large area of basement complex. In the north, the rising amplitude is small, the ridge is low and the slope is gentle, and the valley is wide and shallow, which preserves the typical Paleozoic caprock.
Taishan landform can be divided into four types: alluvial-diluvial platform, denudation and accumulation hills, structural denudation low mountains and erosion structure medium-low mountains. In the spatial image, from low to high, the mountains and rivers are towering, forming a landscape composed of various terrain groups.
The Taishan complex has a history of 2.5 billion years and is one of the oldest rocks in the world. It is of great scientific value to the study of Proterozoic geological structure, magmatism and plate tectonics in eastern China. The limestone and sand shale in Zhang Xia, Gushan and Chaomidian at the northern foot of Mount Tai are typical, which are the standard sections of Cambrian strata in the north, and are the naming places or the origin of many species and genera of paleontology. In 1980s, the columnar joints of diabase porphyrite dikes discovered in piedmont rivers attracted the attention of international geologists.
In the south of Mount Tai, fissure springs are widely distributed in Archean rock strata, from Daiding to the foothills, and the springs compete for flow, and the mountains are high and long. Spring water is sweet, colorless and transparent, and contains many trace elements needed by human body. It is a kind of high-quality mineral water, which was called "Taishan Shenshui" in ancient times. The Carboniferous rocks of Middle-Upper Cambrian and Ordovician in the northern part of Mount Tai are tilted to the north, and groundwater is exposed, forming springs at the topographic cut. From the north of Jinxiu River, the spring water gurgled and scattered all over the floor. At the edge of the northern foot, karst water flows northward, blocked by gabbro in the stratigraphic area, and exposed one after another, making the ancient city of Jinan a spring city of "every family spring and willow".
Taishan area belongs to temperate monsoon climate, with obvious vertical changes: the annual average temperature at the top of the mountain is 5.3℃, which is 7.5℃ lower than that at the foot of Taicheng; The annual average rainfall is 1 124.6 mm, which is equivalent to 1.5 times that of mountainous areas; There are four distinct seasons under the mountain, and spring and autumn are connected on the mountain. The winter in Mount Tai is long, the freezing period is 150 days, and the lowest temperature is -27.5℃, forming a spectacle of rime and rain. In the summer and autumn, the clouds and rain are changing, the peaks are like flowers, and Lin Maoquan is dancing, which is full of weather.
Mount Tai has dense vegetation and a wide variety, with a coverage rate of 90% and a vertical distribution. Seen from the foothills, deciduous forests, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests, coniferous forests, alpine shrubs and grasslands are in turn, with clear forest boundaries and different plant landscapes.
Taishan area is rich in resources, including coal, iron, rock salt, gypsum, sulfur, serpentine, jasper and other mineral deposits. Taishan chestnut, walnut, fat peach, Cyperus rotundus, antler, Taishan Ganoderma lucidum, Pulsatilla chinensis and Taishan red scale fish are well-known at home and abroad. Taishan granite, with dense structure, fine texture and colorful colors, has become the best-selling building decoration material at home and abroad by processing red, black, green, flower, wave stone and other plates.
Mount Tai has a long history and splendid culture. In ancient times, the ancestors living in Taishan created the Northern New Culture, Dawenkou Culture and Longshan Culture, and gradually formed the Taishan Cultural Zone. Qilu culture in the north and south of Mount Tai influenced the whole feudal society in China. Qin Huang, Hanwu, Tang Zong, Song Zu and other emperors held memorial ceremonies, which further enhanced the historical position of Mount Tai.
With the rise of Zen Buddhism, Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism have developed and merged in Mount Tai. Cui Wenzi, a disciple of Zhang Daoling in the Eastern Han Dynasty, once lived in Mount Tai. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism was introduced to Mount Tai, and the monks Langgong founded Langgong Temple in Daiyin. Monks in the Northern Wei Dynasty plan to establish yuquan temple and Guanghua Temple in Mount Tai and Culai. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Taoism and Buddhism in Mount Tai entered their heyday, and the temples shook Qilu. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Yuan Shao, a Japanese monk, and Man Kong, a Korean monk, arrived in China by boat and served as abbots of Lingyan Temple and Zhao Pu Temple respectively. The local gods of Mount Tai mainly include Mount Tai, Bi Xia, Yuan Jun and Di Qing. After the Song Dynasty, due to the evolution of the Zen system, Mount Tai was gradually replaced by Yuan Jun of Bi Xia. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yuan Jun temples were all over China.
Taishan god? Not only in China, but also abroad. During the Heian period in Japan (794 ~ 1 192), the worship of Mount Tai was introduced to Japan and was worshipped by the Japanese people for a long time.
Cultural celebrities of all ages admired Mount Tai. They went into the mountains, toured, lived in seclusion or gave lectures, leaving behind countless relics and Mo Bao's poems and songs. Folk Songs by Confucius, Flying Dragons by Cao Zhi, Six Poems by Deng Dai by Li Bai, Looking at Yue by Du Fu, Lingyan Temple by Su Zhe, Tale of Mount Tai by Yao Nai, and White Cold Map of Mount Tai by Liu Haisu are all immortal works, and a large number of Taishan writings have enriched the treasure house of China culture.
Mount Tai is also one of the bases for people to resist oppression, tyranny and aggression in history. Red Eyebrow Army in the Western Han Dynasty, Gongsun Ju in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Bo in the Sui Dynasty, Huang Chao in the Tang Dynasty, Geng Jing and Xin Qiji in the Jin Dynasty, Red Scarf Army in the Yuan Dynasty, Dashun Army in the Ming Dynasty and Nian Army in the Qing Dynasty all fought in the north and south of Mount Tai. During the Northern Expedition, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and Liberation War, the revolutionary struggle in Mount Tai was in full swing, leaving heroic footprints and touching stories everywhere.
With the main peak as the center, the scenic spots of Mount Tai are distributed radially. After thousands of years of protection and construction, it has become the representative of China mountain scenery: natural landscape and human landscape are integrated. Mount Tai stands on the Qilu Mountains. Its main peak is abrupt, the mountain is steep, and the peaks are overlapping, forming the lofty momentum that "all other mountains are dwarfed under the sky". And "multi-peak sharing". The pines and cypresses of Mount Tai are even more majestic and lush. There are many streams and springs, and there is no shortage of beautiful scenery. Clouds and mist are lingering and unpredictable, adding a bit of mystery and profundity. It has beautiful foothills, quiet secluded areas, open and open areas, illusory and wonderful areas, and deep Austrian areas; There are ten natural wonders, such as the rising sun, the jade plate in the sea of clouds, the golden belt of the Yellow River in the sunset, and ten natural landscapes, such as Ten Houses of Songtao, Duisong Cliff, Taoyuan Jingshe and Lingyan Scenic Area, just like a natural landscape painting.
The cultural landscape of Mount Tai is dominated by ancient buildings and inscriptions. According to local conditions, the ancient buildings in Mount Tai skillfully use the natural terrain to strengthen and beautify the natural landscape, and take advantage of the steep slope in the south of the mountain to create the artistic conception of climbing Mount Tai. There are both portal buildings built across the road and guiding buildings at climbing corners; There are not only scenic buildings built by the stream, but also decorative buildings hanging halfway up the mountain. In addition, the splendid sacrificial architecture standing at the foot of and above Daiding is connected by a long climbing road, which is combined into a spectacular Zen ritual sequence, which is in harmony with the mountains and trees and becomes an architectural model of Chinese mountain cultural landscape. Mount Tai has a long history, a large scale and a large number, and is the most famous mountain. There are more than 2,500 rubbings, among which the famous ones are Taishan Stone Carving in Qin Dynasty, Fang Heng Stone Carving in Han Dynasty, Zhang Qianbei Stone Carving in Jin Dynasty, Diamond Sutra in Stone Valley in Southern and Northern Dynasties, Lushan Stone Carving in Tang Dynasty, Di Qing Stone Carving in Song Dynasty, Tianmen Stone Carving in Yuan Dynasty and Hongwu Stone Carving in Ming Dynasty. There are both poems and notes in tribute to Dai. There are both a long and huge system and a surprising sentence; It is a treasure house of China's calligraphy art, with both flying grass and Gu Zhuo's mad official seal.
Today, Mount Tai stands proudly in the east of the world, displaying the elegance of an ancient civilization with its majestic, magnificent and dignified posture and profound cultural connotation.