Zuo Zhuan is the full name of Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period, formerly known as Zuo Chunqiu, and also known as Zuo Chunqiu and Zuo Shi in the Han Dynasty. It was called Zuo Zhuan only after the Han Dynasty.
It is also called "Three Biographies of Spring and Autumn" with Biography of Ram and Biography of Gu Liang. Legend has it that Zuo Zhuan was written by Zuo Qiuming, a historian at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.
Sima Qian, Ban Gu and others all think that Zuo Zhuan was written by Zuo Qiuming. Six Classics of the Stone by Liu Zhiji in Tang Dynasty: "Zuo's family originated in Zuo Qiuming."
In the Tang Dynasty, Zhao Kuang first suspected that Zuo Zhuan was not written by Zuo Qiuming. Since then, many scholars have expressed doubts about this.
Many people think that Zuo Zhuan was not Zuo Qiuming. Ye Mengde believes that the author came from the Warring States period; Zheng Qiao's Six Classics and Olympics is considered to be the Chu people in the Warring States Period. Zhu thought it was the post-Chu Zuo's leaning; Xiang Anshi thought it was done by Wei people; Cheng Duanxue thinks it is a fake book.
Ji Yun in Qing Dynasty still thinks that it was written by Zuo Qiuming in the Catalogue of Siku Quanshu. Kang Youwei thinks it was written by Liu Xin.
Today, it is believed that Wu Qi did it, and Zhao Guangxian thinks that it was done by Zuo Shi, a native of Lu during the Warring States Period. It is generally believed that Zuo Zhuan was not written by one person, and it was written in the middle of the Warring States Period (the middle of the 4th century BC). Some scholars compiled it during the Warring States Period, and most of it may have been written by Zuo Qiuming.
Based on the Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan illustrates the outline of Spring and Autumn Annals by describing the specific historical facts in the Spring and Autumn Period. Sima Qian said in the Chronicle of Twelve Governors in Historical Records: "Zuo Qiuming, a gentleman of Lu, was afraid of heresy among his disciples, and each had his own opinions and lost his reason. So because Confucius' Historical Records has his own words, it became Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals. "
Zuo Zhuan represents the highest achievement of pre-Qin historiography, is an important document to study pre-Qin history and Spring and Autumn history, and has a great influence on later historiography, especially on establishing the status of chronological history books. Moreover, because it has a strong Confucian tendency, emphasizes hierarchical order and patriarchal ethics, attaches importance to the distinction between honor and inferiority, and also shows the idea of "people-oriented", so it is also an important historical material for studying Confucianism in the pre-Qin period.
Zuo Zhuan mainly records the decline of the royal family in Zhou Dynasty and the history of the hegemony of princes, and records and comments on various etiquette norms, laws and regulations, social customs, ethnic relations, moral concepts, astronomy and geography, calendar seasons, ancient documents, myths and legends, and ballads. Zuo Zhuan is not only a historical work, but also an excellent literary work.
Shown in: good at describing wars, good at portraying characters, and paying attention to written records. China Children's Education Classics Reading Network.
2. What is the historical position of Zuo Zhuan? Zuo Zhuan is the richest and grandest historical work in the pre-Qin period.
The recorded historical age is roughly equivalent to Spring and Autumn Annals, which began in Luyin year (722 BC) and is 28 years later than Spring and Autumn Annals, that is, the twenty-seventh year of Lu Aigong (468 BC), with a total of 65.438+0.8 million words. According to the sequence from Lu to 12 monarchs who lost their country, this paper systematically and objectively describes some political, economic, military and cultural events in various countries during the Spring and Autumn Period, which caused the decline of the royal family, the hegemony of the princes, the decay and cruelty of the ruling class, the collapse of the patriarchal clan system, and various institutional etiquette, social customs, moral concepts, astronomy and geography, calendar seasons, ancient documents, myths and legends.
It can be said that, to a certain extent, it truly reflects the historical features of that era, and it is a precious historical material for studying the ancient society of China. Zuo Zhuan not only opened the precedent of China's traditional historiography, but also marked the great development of China's historical prose. It inherited Shangshu, Chunqiu, Warring States Policy and Shiji, and occupied a very important position in the history of Chinese historiography and literature.
I hope the above information is useful to you.
3. What are the earliest representative works of historical prose about Zuo Zhuan?
Ancient chronological historical works. One of the Confucian classics.
In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, it was called Zuoshi Chunqiu or Chunqiu Guwen, and in the late years of the Western Han Dynasty, it was called Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan, which was the abbreviation of Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan. As for the author, historical records say Zuo Qiuming, but many people are skeptical.
The age of writing is still inconclusive. Modern Yang Bojun thinks that from 403 BC to 389 BC.
The chronology of Zuo Zhuan is basically in accordance with the order of twelve Lu Gong recorded in Chunqiu. The book comprehensively and concretely recorded the political, military and diplomatic struggles between the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period, and its ups and downs, which broadly and profoundly reflected the social reality at that time.
The contents include recruitment, alliance, conquest, hunting, city building, weddings and funerals, usurpation, genocide and death. In literature, it is the earliest representative work of historical prose in China and has high literary value.
It is good at combining the authenticity of history with the image of literature, reflecting reality through specific character activities, with meticulous narrative and drama. The character is distinct and prominent; Very particular about layout; Good at writing response words, with strong literary color. The language is concise and vivid, and the brushwork is flexible and changeable, which has become a model for future generations to learn.
Zuo Zhuan has a great influence on the history and literature of later generations.
4. Which of the following does not belong to historical prose 1? Putonghua II. Zuo zhuan 3 Everything is done wrong, 4. Han Feizi and Warring States Policy are not historical essays, but the other three are. Han Feizi is a collection of works by Han Fei, a famous thinker and legalist in the Warring States Period. Most of his works are based on folklore and fables at that time, and there are also many essays by Han Feizi to illustrate his legalist thoughts.
Han Feizi was compiled by later generations after Han Fei's death. According to the Records of Art and Literature in Han Dynasty, there are 55 articles in Zi Han, 20 volumes in Annals of Sui Shu, and seven records of Ruan Xiaoxu (or Liu Xiang's seven records) are quoted in Zhang Shoujie's Justice in Historical Records, which also means that everything is done wrong has 20 volumes. The number of articles and volumes are consistent with this edition, which shows that this edition is not incomplete.
The core of Han Feizi is the combination of law, technique and potential based on absolute monarchy. It upholds the evolutionary view of history, advocates extreme utilitarianism, holds that interests are the main among people, benevolence and religion are the auxiliary, and emphasizes the rule of law and employment, which has a great influence on the establishment of China's feudal social system after Qin and Han Dynasties.
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Characteristics of Han Feizi's Works
Han Feizi's article is rigorous in reasoning, sharp in writing, thorough in discussion, well-founded and to the point.
Han Feizi's articles are ingenious in conception, bold in description, humorous in language and plain in beauty, which has the artistic effect of intriguing and warning the world.
Han Feizi is also good at using a large number of simple fables and rich historical knowledge as argumentation materials to expound abstract truth and vividly reflect his legalist thought and his profound understanding of social life.
Many fables in his articles have become well-known idioms and allusions because of their rich connotations and vivid stories, and have been widely used by people so far.