With copper as a mirror, you can be well dressed; Take people as a mirror, you can know the gains and losses; Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall. Learning from other people's cases can always increase our own probability of success, which may be the most essential demand in history! What is history? When asked such a question, the most common answer is: history is a little girl who can dress up at will. Of course, this description is also very accurate. Because our historians, sometimes, in order to avoid this embarrassment, even have to suffer from castration. But I still can't get rid of those hazy gestures in history. Moreover, this ambiguous guidance will not only lead to wandering in our behavior, but also lead to chaos in our own history. But! If there is one more dimension, we may be able to understand the whole picture of history more accurately and clearly, so as to better express the will of "reading history can make us wise"! First of all? If we want to know the whole picture of history, we must really understand history. You know what history is! Accurately speaking, any moment in history is the result of an event and its final evolution. For example, the change of Gao Pingling in Sima Yi, the change of Xuanwu Gate in Li Shimin, the Chen Qiao mutiny in Zhao Kuangyin in the Northern Song Dynasty and so on. Aren't these all events? Of course, these are also so-called conspiracies! A comprehensive understanding of history is actually a comprehensive understanding of the whole process of an event. If we reduce the height of history to the level of events, then many things will become very simple. What's the event? If we refer to the terminology of criminal cases, it is the time, place, suspect, suspect's tools and motives. If we put them together, this is a complete crime. I don't know. Do you remember how to write a narrative? Similarly, there are similar contents in it, such as time, place, people and what happened. Only when these factors are indispensable can it be called a good narrative. Therefore, through various signs, we can reasonably say that a complete event must have one and only one set of elements: time, place, people, objects and what happened. Why can reading history be wise? That's also because of the event attribute of history, you refer to other people's events, so when similar events are placed in front of you, you will have a basic outline through history, so that you can better lead the evolution of events. However, history is unpredictable, or its prediction accuracy is very low. We can also blame this phenomenon on the complexity of the event. In real life, events do not exist in isolation. Events and some elements of events can be borrowed and shared with each other, which leads to the basic context of event changes, which is chaotic. Let's take a conspiracy as an example. The main purpose of the conspiracy is to mobilize resources. This resource can be utensils, authority and many things. First of all, we don't have such resources, and then through the mutual doping between events, the resources in the events are borrowed or shared, which is the basic logic of conspiracy. As I said before, any event has only one set of elements: time, place, people, equipment and what happened (without any element, the event itself is not established, which is also very important for collusion and can be used to prove that resources are not shared and used privately). For example, "Guan Yu hit Qin Qiong", is it history? No, why? Because in this incident, people, places, appliances, and what happened all exist. However, in this time dimension, this is not allowed, because one is the Han Dynasty and the other is the Tang Dynasty. How do two people fight? As for the influence of location on events, as long as there is an alibi, all historical events related to characters are also untenable. Man is an animal that seeks advantages and avoids disadvantages. Without any benefits, our resources will not be used by outsiders. Therefore, how to better mobilize other people's resources without any benefits is what a conspiracy wants to do most. Let's analyze the historical events of shock therapy in the Soviet Union. If the Soviet Union knew that shock therapy would lead to the disintegration of the Soviet Union, do you think the Soviet Union would still let Americans do shock therapy for themselves? I won't! But such historical events did happen. This is a conspiracy, how to design it? How to implement it? By letting the Soviet Union disintegrate, Americans showed that the historical event of the disintegration of the Soviet Union was untenable, thus persuading the Soviet Union to carry out shock therapy. Then some elements from the shock therapy event were used to fill the missing elements in the Soviet Union disintegration event, so that the Soviet Union disintegration could take place and all the required elements were gathered together, and then this historical event happened. Sima Yi's change of Gao Ping Ling, the change of Xuanwu Gate in Li Shimin, and the Chen Qiao mutiny in Zhao Kuangyin in the Northern Song Dynasty were all implemented in this way! This is just a simple overlap and borrowing of two events. When a large number of event elements can be borrowed and shared with each other, then all the events you see are often incomplete (in this case, we call them situations or events), or lack of time, place, people and equipment, which means that the events are incomplete. In this case, if the event is not established, then the result of the evolution of the event does not exist. But? You can't see it if you can't see it. That doesn't mean it doesn't exist. Just like the moon, it can't be seen during the day, but it doesn't exist? Generally speaking, if you want to know the history of a dynasty in China, there are only the following forms: a biographical general history like Historical Records, a chronological general history like Zi Tongzhijian, and a local history like Yu Fangji. Historians choose these three forms because of the essence of history, that is, events! Time, place, people and other factors are all necessary contents of any event. Events are like copper coins, and factors such as time, place and people are like money eyes on copper coins. If the dimensions of time are connected in series with ropes, then the history formed is the sword of purple tongzhi; If the dimensions of places are connected in series with ropes, then the history of formation is Yu Fang minutes; If the dimensions of characters are connected in series with ropes, then the history formed is Historical Records, which also proves from the side that the essence of history is events. What we are talking about today is another dimension of history: what happened. Since the time, place and characters of events can be the dimensions of narrative history, what happened has similar legitimacy. In an event, what happens is the motivation of the event, the logic of the event change, and the performance of subjective initiative to promote the change of various elements of the event. A person, at a certain time, came to a railway station and bought a train ticket. What will happen next? Is this a tourist activity? Or the scene where scalpers are selling tickets? These are all possible. Motivation is used to determine whether it is a travel event or a ticket purchase event. This is a very important aspect. Then, let's look at how motivation is generated. If you know how motivation is generated, then you can frame the trajectory of events more accurately in essence, and thus better "read history wisely"! Where does the motivation come from? This is very simple. Why eat it? Why did you get married because you were hungry? Because of love! Eating sex is also our greatest motivation to do things. Due to the mutual exchange of materials and information inside and outside the body, we need something to supplement, and the plan to get these things is what we want to happen, and its whole process is an event. When a person is hungry, when he sees ingredients, when he sees pots and pans, we can be sure that this person will not wash clothes in pots unless he is crazy! This is the influence of motivation on events. We can say that the motivation in the event comes from the characters, because only the characters have subjective initiative. Historical events, such as wars, elections, production, flood fighting and disaster relief, are generally in the form of collective participation. At this time, not all the characters' subjective initiative is promoting the development of the event. As we said before, the characters in the event may also be the containers of the event. Therefore, based on the above phenomenon, we call the collective of all participants in large-scale activities as the characters of the activities, that is, legal persons. Using people's will, with the help of collective subjective initiative and motivation (it can also be made clear here that the logic of legal person's work is basically determined by human nature, resources and weight), we can examine the whole process of what will happen and historical events. As far as history is concerned, what happened is a brand-new dimension, which is different from historical records such as Historical Records, History as a Mirror and Yu Fang Minutes. When "reading history can make us wise", we can control and review all historical events more accurately from four dimensions, and then we can get rid of the ambiguous content in history as much as possible. I think this is very meaningful! Of course, there is another important reason. If you can get the right to interpret history, it means that you can get the right to speak about history and culture. And this kind of discourse power is in a very important position in soft power, behind which is great recognition!