Qin Shihuang was an outstanding politician and a great emperor in China.

Achievements: (1) Qin Shihuang completed the unification of the six countries and established the first unified, multi-ethnic and centralized feudal country in Chinese history, which met the wishes of the people.

(2) A feudal autocratic centralized system was established, with the supreme ruler called the emperor, a central government, a prime minister Qiu and an imperial envoy in charge of administration, military affairs and supervision; The implementation of the county system in local areas has had a far-reaching impact in the history of our country.

(3) unifying currency, writing and weights and measures; It has consolidated unity and promoted economic and cultural exchanges among ethnic groups in various regions.

(4) Meng Tian was sent to fight back against the Huns, seize the Hetao area and build the Great Wall of Wan Li, thus maintaining peace and national unity in the northern border.

(5) Building Lingqu, connecting the Yangtze River water system with the Pearl River water system, and providing favorable conditions for cultural exchanges between the Central Plains and Lingnan areas.

By:

He is also a cruel emperor.

(1) He burned books to bury Confucianism, which hit the free thought and spirit since the Spring and Autumn Period and destroyed the culture.

(2) He built Epang Palace, and Lishanling forced thousands of farmers to quit agricultural production, which seriously damaged the social economy.

(3) He made harsh laws to make people live in dire straits.

This shows that he is also a cruel emperor.

To sum up, Qin Shihuang was a feudal emperor with clear merits and demerits.

In detail:

Front:

When Qin Shihuang was in power, he annexed six countries and sent troops to explore the north and south. In history, it is said that "all the places that are over a hundred miles bow down", "thousands of miles go north" and "the king of Qin sweeps six rivers". According to the map of the Warring States Period, the territory is almost twice the area controlled by the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period. Moreover, Qin Shihuang "set up a county" and paid attention to the rule of conquered land and system construction, unlike other contemporary conquerors such as Alexander of Macedonia or Caesar of Rome, who only emphasized conquest and did not emphasize system construction; Thus stabilized the unified land rule and laid the foundation for the present Chinese territory. Later generations thought that "his contribution was greater than Qin Huang's Hanwu". It means that Qin Shihuang is ahead of Han Wudi in achievements, which is unparalleled in history.

Since Shang Yang's political reform, Qin attached great importance to the rule of law. Qin Shihuang inherited this tradition and admired Han Fei, a legalist figure. He once lamented that "if you walk with him, you will have no hatred." Reward and punish generals according to law. Although Qin Shihuang was autocratic and thought that "we rule the world", he still ruled the country according to law in the Qin Dynasty. Chen Sheng and the uprising, the reason is that "Qin law is harsh", and its crime is capital crime, so it has to be reversed, but the law forces the people to rebel. Nor is it like the "Zhumen wine stinks and frozen bones" in later generations. Because of serious corruption, officials forced the people to rebel. Later Confucianism advocated the rule of man, but not by law. A word was decided by the monarch, but the wind of rule by man and flattery still exists today.

Qin Shihuang initiated the post station system and built post roads. It laid a technical foundation for the decree access of the huge empire and the resulting county-based imperial power country. "Building a post road and establishing a county" is a necessary condition for China to adopt the advanced county system to replace the western enfeoffment system. At the same time, Rome can't effectively control the occupied areas, and there is only one powerful governor (the governor is in charge of the military and political power of a place, all of whom are nobles, and the grass-roots organizations rely on the original local organizations), which is still similar to the enfeoffment system, which is a very important reason for the later division of the Roman Empire. The county system is a civilian system, and its military and political leaders are appointed by the emperor. According to their political achievements, their military achievements can be raised or lowered and leveled, which leads to the emergence of professional bureaucrats and professional soldiers. Professional bureaucrats and professional soldiers can come from civilians, and county bureaucrats effectively protect the rights of civilians (Brazzaville) to participate in and discuss state affairs (such as Reese and Meng Ao). They are all cloth, and they can only come out after military achievements). Compared with the feudal aristocratic politics, it is undoubtedly a great historical progress. This is the origin of the civil service system and the military system in modern countries.

The Qin Empire established by Qin Shihuang laid the foundation that China's political system was more advanced than that of the West in recent 1700 years. The so-called "Han inherited the Qin system", "its system was unchanged from Qin" and "Qin politics and law were practiced in previous dynasties". China, in the era of imperial power in 2000, basically followed the system of Qin Dynasty in political system.

Li Bai's "Antique" poem: "Qin Wang sweeps Liuhe, he looks at him!"

Sang Hongyang affirmed Qin Shihuang's achievement in unifying China in his works.

Modern Zhang Taiyan also praised Qin Shihuang in Qin Zheng Ji 19 13.

Negative:

Because Qin Shihuang promoted the Legalist theory of "ruling the country according to law", and later the rulers of China promoted the Confucian theory with benevolence and the golden mean as the core. Therefore, Qin Shihuang often appears as a negative example in various essays and historical records. Such as Jia Yi's On Qin and so on.

Historical Records quoted Jia Yi's Qin Lun;

The king of Qin was greedy and self-motivated, didn't believe in heroes, didn't kiss gentry, abolished kingship, established private rights, prohibited documents from abusing the law, and bullied power before righteousness, which began with tyranny.

4. When one person is in trouble, seven halls fall down, and his body dies and his hands die, laughing for the world. Why? Unscrupulous attack and defense are also different.

Qin Shihuang was regarded as a tyrant by many historians and would do anything for power.

The Great Wall of Wan Li, Qin Chi Road, Lingqu, Epang Palace and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor are all very large, and the population of the whole country is under construction. Many documents denounce the death and injury of many people in the construction process, but on the other hand, they have further developed the transportation in various places and contributed to the future transportation, economy and trade and the integration of all ethnic groups. Therefore, whether Qin Shihuang's achievements are great or too great has always been a point of debate in the history circle.

Mao Zedong commented on Qin Shihuang:

(1) Qin Shihuang is an expert on present events.

(2) On one occasion, he said to Zhang: You said that the * * * production party is equal to Qin Shihuang, which is not true. It has been said for more than a hundred times.

(3) Confucius and Mencius are idealists, Xunzi is materialist and Confucian leftist. Confucius represents slave owners and nobles. Xunzi represents the landlord class. He added: In the history of China, the real doer was Qin Shihuang, and Confucius only talked empty words. For thousands of years, Confucius became a mere formality, but actually acted according to Qin Shihuang. Qin Shihuang used students from Lisi, Legalist and Xunzi.

Confucius has some advantages, but not very good. We should be fair. Qin Shihuang was much greater than Confucius. Confucius is empty talk. Qin Shihuang was the first person to unify China. It not only unified China politically, but also unified China's writing and various systems in China, such as weights and measures, some of which are still in use today. No second feudal monarch in China has surpassed him, but he has been scolded for thousands of years.

5] I advise you to scold Qin Shihuang less and discuss the reasons for burning the pit. The ancestral dragon's soul is still dead in Qin, and Confucius' scientific name is high. EMI is good at Qin politics and law, but ten batches are not good articles. Be familiar with the feudal theory of the Tang Dynasty, and don't return to King Wen from zihou. [3] Politicians of all dynasties were successful, and legalists were the first in feudal society. These people advocate the rule of law and beheading if they break the law. They advocate respecting the present and cherishing the past. Confucianism is full of benevolence and morality, full of thieves and prostitutes, and all advocate respecting the past and cherishing the present.

[6] Qin Shihuang was the first famous emperor in China feudal society. I am also Qin Shihuang. Lin Biao called me Qin Shihuang. China has always been divided into two factions. A group said that Qin Shihuang was good, while a group said that Qin Shihuang was bad. I agree with Qin Shihuang, but I disagree with Confucius. Because Qin Shihuang was the first to unify China, unified the writing and built a broad road. He did not use a country within a country, but a centralized system. The central government sent people to various places and changed them every few years. There was no hereditary system.

Once, Qin Huang Hanwu, slightly lost literary talent-Mao Zedong also thought that Qin Shihuang lacked literary talent.

I suggest you check the Baidu Encyclopedia of Qin Shihuang, which is very detailed.