Yi people have a long history. As early as 2,000 years ago, Yi ancestors lived and multiplied in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Jinsha River and Lancang River. During the Western Han Dynasty, an ancestor engaged in agriculture and nomadism in the area centered on Erhai Lake in Yunnan under the name of "Kunming". "Yi" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and "Wuman" in the Tang and Song Dynasties were all appellations of Yi ancestors in southwest China at that time. In the 8th century A.D., Nanzhao regime with Yi and Bai as the main body was established. In 937, "Dali" regime was established. Yi people have a glorious revolutionary historical tradition. 19 14. The Lahu Uprising broke out in Sichuan, which was the largest slave uprising in the modern history of the Yi people. 1933 During the Red Army's northward anti-Japanese war, Xiao, the leader of the Yi family in Mianning, made an alliance with Commander Liu Bocheng according to the traditional habits of the Yi people, so that the Red Army passed through the Yi area smoothly.
The third sentence "Southwest Yi Lu". Names of yi literature. The author's name is unknown. When writing this book, it was probably during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. The content describes the origin, development, tribal division, genealogy and customs of the Yi people, and also involves philosophy, science and technology. It provides important information for the study of Yi calendar. But the book also has a strong religious superstition. The original title of the book Si Bu San forehead has the meaning of "origin", and the Chinese translation has been changed to its current name. This book, with 370,000 words, is a masterpiece about the history and humanities of the Yi people.
Yi nationality has a long history and splendid culture, and is one of the most populous nationalities in China. Most of them live in the western Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the southwest, the Daliangshan Mountain, Wumeng Mountain and Ailao Mountain on the southeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and along the Jinsha River, Yuanjiang River, Nanpanjiang River and Yalong River. Hard-working, simple, kind and strong Yi people have thrived here for generations, invented and created a unique language, and wrote a glorious chapter of national memory.
The fifth sentence "Ashima" is a famous oral narrative poem spread among Sani people, one of the branches of Yi nationality in Yunnan. Divided into "How should I sing?" Touching chapter 13, a flower shines on the sky, growing up, matchmaker, kidnapping, hope, brother Hei is back, the bell rings, the jade bird sings, the game, the tiger is killed, the archery echoes, more than 1,600 lines. The long poem takes the name of the heroine Ashima as the title, and the unreasonable marriage of Ahei and Ashima's brother and sister against the feudal aristocratic forces as the main line, praising the fighting spirit and heroism of the Yi working people who are not afraid of power and strive for a happy life.
2. What are the places of interest in Changwu? Changwu County is located in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau in the northwest of Shaanxi Province. It is bordered by Ningqing County in the north, facing Ziwuling, Qifeng County in the south, close to Long Yuan County and Guanshan Mountain, and connected with Binxian County in the east. It has become a transitional zone between Weibei and Longdong Plateau.
It is 847- 1274 meters above sea level, and its physical geography is divided into north and south parts. Jinghe River surrounds the north, Nanhe River runs through the south and Heihe River runs through the middle. The Heihe River winds eastward, joins the Jinghe River and enters the Yellow River. The county seat is slightly higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast, and inclines from southwest to northeast.
Changwu County has a total area of 583 square kilometers and a total population of 65438+700,000 (2004). County people * * * live in Zhaoren Town, zip code: 7 13600. Code: 6 10428. Area code: 029. Pinyin: Changwu County.
In 2006, Changwu County governed five towns and six townships: Zhaoren, Xianggong, Jujia, Dingjia, hongjia town, Randian, Yuyuan, Gong Peng, Zhangdi, Tingkou and Zaoyuan.
Answer time of mirror soul: February 7, 200813: 04
As the birthplace of Chinese civilization, Xi has a long history and rich cultural accumulation. It is the first batch of national historical and cultural cities promulgated by the people of China.
Guanzhong people with Xi 'an as the center summarized their lifestyle and folk customs as the top ten eccentrics in Guanzhong. They are noodles like a belt, pot helmets like a pot cover, peppers like vegetables, steamed buns in a big bowl, bowls and pots are inseparable, papas are worn on their heads, houses are half covered, they don't face the outside world, they don't sit up, they sing and shout. Among the Xi 'an forest of steles, there are inscriptions of the Qing Dynasty, which record eight scenic spots in Guanzhong with Xi 'an as the center. These eight scenic spots are Kazuki Watanabe musician Zhangxian, Lishan Xizhao, Liu Ba Snowstorm, Qujiang Liu Yin, Yanta Morning Bell, Xianyang Gudu, Caotang Smoke and Taibai Snow. Shaanxi Opera, also known as "Bangzi Opera", is the oldest, richest and largest of the four major operas in China.
Shaanxi dialect is one of the northwest dialects represented by xi 'an dialect. Xi's food culture is also profound. As the representative of northwest China cuisine, Xi 'an snacks are the most famous, and Muslim food accounts for a large proportion.
Chang 'an Painting School in China's traditional Chinese painting originated from Guanzhong Shadow Play before the Han Dynasty, Shaanxi Puppet Show in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and colorful peasant paintings in Huxian County, all of which are indispensable and important components of an 'an culture.
4. Dragon Boat Festival as a child: In my childhood memory, except for the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival is the most lively. Because my parents were very busy at work, I often stayed in the country with my grandmother when I was a child.
I will never forget the Dragon Boat Festival at that time. Like the usual Chinese New Year holidays, the night before the Dragon Boat Festival, my grandmother always told me to sit by the bed and tell me some holiday rules, such as "Don't talk nonsense", "Don't steal cold dumplings", "Don't play with friends" and "Don't play with water" ... I always nodded frequently.
Grandma told me to go to bed early so that I could have a good spirit tomorrow. In the morning, I got up early, got dressed and ran to the kitchen. By this time, my grandmother had taken care of everything in the kitchen. Several bundles of cinnamon leaves and cinnamon ropes were tied to the stove, and white glutinous rice lay quietly in a small wooden bucket filled with water, like glittering pearls. There are several small dishes on the stove, which contain all kinds of ingredients: peanuts, bean paste, meat and so on.
So, I sat at the table eating breakfast while watching my grandmother busy. There are stoves on both sides in the country. They are both used for boiling water and cooking. My grandmother put the washed duck eggs into the cauldron, scooped a few spoonfuls of water from another hot pot with a wooden spoon, and then carefully put a spoonful of salt into the cauldron. Then she added some dead branches to the stove, sat next to me and began to weave collaterals for me.
Grandma's hands are as rough as bark because of long-term work, but they are dexterous. Divide three times five by two and weave a red rope. At this time, when the eggs were ripe, grandma picked up the biggest one, dipped it in red paper and dyed it red. Then she wiped it clean with a dry cloth, put it in the accessory and hung it around my neck.
Then, grandma put melon seeds, candy and peanuts in my pocket. I am often very happy, because I can watch the dragon boat race with my friends. Grandma always sends me to the gate and tells me to come back early to eat zongzi.
I always disappear in an instant. At this time, all my friends are almost here. The elder sister next door took the lead and led our children to the river to watch the dragon boat race.
Because the river is small, there are only two dragon boats. Each dragon boat has 13 people, 12 people rowing, 1 people playing drums and shouting slogans, "One, two, hey yo, one, two, come on", 12 dark-skinned boys rowed neatly, and the two dragon boats chased each other forward. But what will the child know to look at? We just want to have some fun.
Girls usually get bored after watching it for a while, so they sit aside and share snacks. Boys, on the other hand, always like chasing dragon boats along the shore. Because of the manpower of rowing, almost every boy has traces of splashing water. The gong rang, probably because the boat was at the end, and just after eating, I stood up and went home happily hand in hand with my friends.
The sun slowly climbed into the sky, and the fragrance of laurel leaves was already floating in grandma's kitchen. I quickly jumped into the kitchen to pick up a big cooked zongzi. Generally, I will sit on the threshold and eat zongzi cleanly. Occasionally, I will leave some glutinous rice for the chickens. I also find it fun to watch the big rooster's gluttony ... Although my mother always wraps zongzi and weaves collaterals for me every Dragon Boat Festival, although my mother's craftsmanship is not worse than my grandmother's, I always feel that something is missing.
When I was young, I really missed the Dragon Boat Festival! Zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival: I haven't been back to my hometown for the holidays for many years. I really miss the delicious triangular zongzi. There are many customs in my hometown, but I don't remember much.
This is a baisuozi. Grandma twists five-color silk threads into a string every year, which is very long.
When I got up the next morning, my arms were already tied. Needless to say, grandma came to me first.
Stickers There are stickers on the doorframes every year.
Some are folded with monochrome yellow paper, and some are woven with five-color paper. Grandma once taught me how to fold, and now I have forgotten all about it.
I wonder if there is such a custom in other places: there are also hundreds of seeds buried in the ground. At that time, grandma said that the seeds buried in the ground would turn into flower snakes to ensure a bumper harvest in one year.
Although I am naughty, I never dig those "snakes" for fear that they will come out and bite people. Later, I learned that it was a story made up by the old man to coax the children and be afraid of breaking the "superstition".
I really can't remember other customs, but I can't forget the hundreds of zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival every year. It's not easy to wrap zongzi. Be sure to fold the leaves of zongzi, otherwise it will "show the stuffing"
Although it is difficult to wrap, there are many kinds: rice wrapped in red dates, millet wrapped in candied dates and rice wrapped in zongzi. It takes a long time to cook zongzi in a big pot.
I often have to wait for my mouth to water, but grandma still won't give it to me. Cooking is too difficult. The newly cooked zongzi is not delicious.
Once, I didn't wait until I was full before I realized that my tongue was blistered. Immediately put these delicious zongzi into a basin full of cold water to cool down, and I have already eaten them.
Many days later, there will always be zongzi for three meals a day. The zongzi sold in the street is not very delicious, either the rice is hard or the rice is not fragrant and tastes tasteless.
What is this called zongzi? It's just a rice cake The delicious zongzi reminds me of my thoughts, and the sweet shouting reminds me of my thoughts.
5. Find out the characteristics of folk songs of different nationalities, match words and express the goal of situational teaching:
1, learn character description, environment description and scene description.
2. Read aloud, try to taste the language of the article and feel the rich local flavor of the article.
3. Explore and appreciate ethnic customs and love folk culture.
Teaching focus
1. Appreciate Yunnan's rich folk culture and ethnic customs in the process of reading aloud and tasting language, and cultivate students' feelings of loving ethnic culture.
2. Learn several description techniques of the author to express folk song culture: character description, environment description and scene description.
Course arrangement: two class hours
first kind
Teaching content:
Grasp the content of the article as a whole and feel a better life.
Teaching process:
First, import:
Yunnan is a multi-ethnic area, and singing activities occupy a particularly important position in people's lives, almost infiltrating into all fields of life. They pour out their love with songs, arouse their enthusiasm for work, express their condolences for the dead, their blessings for marriage, and express the joy of harvest and festivals ... Especially those ethnic groups without words, singing has become a tool to impart knowledge. It is said that before liberation, some ethnic minorities in Yunnan also sang in court. Therefore, in many ethnic groups, children learn to sing with adults when they are still babbling; An outstanding singer is often respected by his own people.
Today, we will appreciate the elegance of Yunnan folk songs with the lyrical and wonderful brushwork of Shen Congwen, a literary master.
Read the text lightly and feel the whole.
Second, the overall perception, clear the context.
1, add some words below.
I \ Xi Pi \ Yunuo \ Nu \ Midun \ Dan \ Ju
Taboo (hu), reward (chóu) and iron hoop (gū) are light (xο).
2. Explain the following words.
Quote: Quote a sentence or story from a classic.
Metaphor: analogy. Taboo: avoid fear, avoid fear.
Soaring: describes a straight rise.
Open up a new situation: open up a new situation in addition.
Reward and harmony: originally meant to toast, extended to communication.
A happy look.
As if nothing happened, as if nothing happened.
Dawn: describes that the sun is not strong (especially in the early morning).