American educational technology was the earliest, developed clearly and completely, and had the greatest influence in the world. Other countries, such as Japan, Britain, Canada and so on, have borrowed the theoretical model of American educational technology. Britain and the United States can be typical representatives of studying the development history of educational technology.
The formation and development of American educational technology can be traced back to three aspects: first, the audio-visual teaching movement promoted the use of various learning resources in teaching; Secondly, personalized teaching promotes the formation of learner-centered personalized teaching; Thirdly, the development of teaching system method promotes the birth of instructional design as the core of educational technology theory.
These three aspects have different origins, but they all follow the development track of "visual teaching-audio-visual teaching-audio-visual communication-educational technology".
Visual education
The term visual education was first used by a publishing company in Pennsylvania, USA, 1906. It published a book about how to take photos, how to make and use slides, and its title was Visual Education.
65438-0923, the American Education Association established the Visual Education Branch.
audiovisual education
In the second half of 1930s, radio, sound movies and tape recorders were used in education one after another. People feel that the name of intuitive education can't sum up the existing practices, and begin to use the terminology of audio-visual education in their articles.
From 65438 to 0947, the Visual Education Branch of the American Education Association was renamed the Audio-visual Teaching Branch.
Among many researches on audio-visual education, the representative one is "Audio-visual Teaching Methods" written by E. Dale in 1946.
The "tower of experience" theory put forward in this book became the main theoretical basis of audio-visual education at that time and later.
Audio-visual communication
From 65438 to 0960, the American Audiovisual Education Association formed a special committee to discuss what audiovisual education is.
1963 In February, the Committee submitted a report, suggesting that the name of audio-visual education be changed to audio-visual communication, and gave a detailed explanation.
In addition, many articles and works about audio-visual education tend to use communication as the theoretical basis of audio-visual education.
educational technology
Due to the development of media technology and the innovation of theoretical concepts, the international education community deeply feels that the original name of audio-visual education can no longer represent the field of practice and research. On June 25th, 1970, the American Audio-visual Education Association was renamed as the Association of Educational Communication and Technology (AECT).
1972, the association officially named its practice and research field as educational technology.
After the name of educational technology was determined, people began to explore its definition.
1970 in the report to the editor-in-chief and parliament, the Committee on Educational Technology, a professional consulting organization in the United States, pointed out: "Educational technology is a systematic method to design, implement and evaluate the whole process of learning and teaching by using the combination of human and non-human resources, based on the study of human learning and communication."
The Development of Educational Technology in China
The earliest educational technology in China is mainly the development and application of audio-visual technology and other technical means in education, which is what we usually call audio-visual education means.
The form of distance education with radio, television and satellite as the main body has promoted some changes in teaching organization, learning methods and teaching methods.
In the middle and late 1980s, the continuous maturity and progress of computer network technology and communication technology brought about the rapid development of information dissemination technology and the revolution of educational technology and even educational methods.
All countries in the world regard rejuvenating the country through science and education as an important measure, and attach unprecedented importance to the development of educational technology, which is regarded as the driving force of educational development and national development.
The United States has invested $565,438+0,998 to enable every citizen to use information technology for lifelong learning.
When Clinton was president, he proposed that in 2000, 0/1,000% schools in the United States must be connected to the internet, so that the United States can become an advanced country with "people, machines, roads and networks" from primary school to university.
The German Minister of Education Alegre announced in 1998 that the development plan of educational technology will focus on the application of multimedia teaching and the improvement of microcomputer operation level.
Malaysia has established a "Multimedia Super Corridor", which makes education informatization reach the international level.
Following the "Opinions on Strengthening Educational Technology Work in Colleges and Universities" issued by the Ministry of Education, China issued the "Decision of Central the State Council on Deepening Educational Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way" in June 199, which put forward a more clear task for the development of educational informationization and modernization of teaching means: vigorously improve the modernization level of educational technology and means and improve the degree of educational informationization.
Minister * * * once stressed: "We should deeply understand the important position of modern educational technology in education and teaching and the necessity and urgency of its application; Fully understanding the application of modern educational technology is the requirement of modern science and technology and social development for education; It is the requirement of education reform and development. " Educational technology is moving from the edge of educational reform to the center, and its position and role in the educational system are unprecedented.