Yes161811. Descartes served in the army and was stationed in a small city in the Netherlands to fill Boleda.
One day, when he was walking in the street, he saw a group of people gathered near a sign posting a notice. They were talking excitedly.
He approached curiously.
But because he couldn't understand Dutch and the Dutch characters on the notice, he asked the people next to him in French.
A passer-by who can understand French looked disapprovingly at the young soldier and told him that there was a prize contest to solve mathematical problems.
If you want him to translate all the contents of the notice, you need one condition, that is, the soldiers should send him the answers to all the questions in the notice.
The Dutch claimed that he was a teacher of physics, medicine and mathematics.
Unexpectedly, the next day, Descartes really came to him with the answers to all the questions; What surprised Beckman in particular was that all the answers of the young French soldier were not wrong at all.
As a result, the two became good friends, and Descartes became a frequent visitor to Beckman's house.
Descartes began to study mathematics seriously under the guidance of Beckman, who also taught Descartes to learn Dutch.
This situation lasted for more than two years, which laid a good foundation for Descartes to create analytic geometry later.
Moreover, it is said that the Dutch words that Buick taught Descartes also saved Descartes' life:
Descartes once sailed to France with his servant on a small merchant ship, and the fare was not very expensive.
I didn't realize this was a pirate ship. The captain and his deputy thought that Descartes' master and servant were French and didn't understand Dutch, so they negotiated to kill them in Dutch and robbed them of their money.
Descartes understood the words of the captain and his deputy, made preparations quietly, finally subdued the captain and returned to France safely.
Eight-year-old Gauss discovered mathematical theorems.
He entered a rural primary school at the age of eight.
The teacher who teaches mathematics is from the city. He feels that teaching a few little lynx in remote places is really overqualified.
Moreover, he has some prejudices: children from poor families are born fools, and there is no need to teach these stupid children to study hard. If there is an opportunity, they should be punished to add some fun to this boring life.
This day is a depressing day for the math teacher.
The students cringed when they saw the teacher's depressed face, knowing that the teacher was going to arrest these students again today and punish them.
"You calculate for me today, from 1 plus 2 plus 3 to 100.
Whoever can't figure it out will be punished for not going home for lunch. "After the teacher said this sentence, he picked up a novel and sat in a chair without saying a word.
The children in the classroom picked up the slate and began to calculate: "1 plus 2 equals 3, 3 plus 3 equals 6, 6 plus 4 equals10 …" Some children added a number to the slate and then erased the result. After adding it, the number is getting bigger and bigger, which is difficult to calculate.
Some children's little faces turned red, and some children's palms and foreheads oozed sweat.
Less than half an hour later, little Gauss picked up the slate and stepped forward.
"Teacher, is this the answer?"
Without looking up, the teacher waved his thick hand and said, "Go, go back!"! Wrong. " He thought it impossible to have an answer so soon.
But Gauss stood still and put the slate in front of the teacher: "Teacher! I think this answer is correct. "
The math teacher wanted to shout, but when he saw the number written on the slate: 5050, he was surprised because he calculated it himself and got the number of 5050. How did this 8-year-old child get this value so quickly?
Gauss explained a method he discovered, which was used by the ancient Greeks and China to calculate the sequence1+2+3+…+n.
Gauss's discovery made the teacher feel ashamed, and felt that his previous view of arrogance and contempt for poor children was wrong.
He also taught seriously in the future, and often bought some math books from the city for his own study and lent them to Gauss.
With his encouragement, Gauss later did some important research in mathematics.
Xiaooula zhigai sheepfold
Euler is a famous mathematician in the history of mathematics. He has made outstanding achievements in several branches of mathematics, such as number theory, geometry, astronomical mathematics and calculus.
However, this great mathematician was not liked by teachers at all when he was a child. He is a student expelled from school.
Things are caused by stars.
At that time, little Euler was studying in a missionary school.
Once, he asked the teacher how many stars there were in the sky.
The teacher is a believer in theology. He doesn't know how many stars there are in the sky, and the Bible doesn't answer.
In fact, there are countless stars in the sky, which are infinite.
There are thousands of stars visible to the naked eye.
The teacher pretended not to understand, and answered Euler, "It doesn't matter how many stars there are in the sky, as long as you know that the stars in the sky are inlaid by God.
"
Euler felt very strange: "The sky is so big and so high, and there is no escalator on the ground. How did God embed the stars on the screen one by one? " God himself put them in the sky one by one. Why did he forget the number of stars? Could God be too careless?
He asked the teacher a question in his heart, and the teacher was confused again, blushed and didn't know how to answer.
A sudden anger rose in the teacher's heart, not only because a child who just went to school asked the teacher such a question, so that the teacher could not step down, but more importantly, the teacher regarded God above everything else.
Little Euler blames God for not remembering the number of stars. The implication is that he doubts almighty god.
In the teacher's view, this is a serious problem.
In Euler's time, there was absolutely no doubt about God. People can only be slaves of ideas, and they are absolutely not allowed to think freely.
Little Euler didn't "keep in line" with the church and God, so the teacher told him to leave school and go home.
However, in little Euler's mind, the sacred aura of God disappeared.
God is a loser, he thought. Why can't he even remember the stars in the sky? He thought, God is a dictator, and even asking questions has become a crime.
He thinks that God may be a guy made up by others and does not exist at all.
After returning home, he helped his father herd sheep and became a shepherd boy.
He read a book while herding sheep.
Among the books he read, there are many math books.
Dad's flock increased gradually, reaching 100.
The original sheepfold was a little small, so my father decided to build a new sheepfold.
He measured a rectangular piece of land with a ruler, 40 meters long and 15 meters wide. He calculated that the area is exactly 600 square meters, with an average of 6 square meters per sheep.
When he was ready to start construction, he found that his materials were only enough for the fence of 100 meters, which was not enough at all.
If you want to enclose a sheepfold with a length of 40m and a width of 15m, its circumference is110m (15+15+40+40 =1/kloc-0). If we want to build it according to the original plan, my father feels very embarrassed. If the area is reduced, the area of each sheep is less than 6 square meters.
Little Euler told his father that there was no need to shrink the sheepfold and not to worry that the territory of each sheep would be smaller than originally planned.
He has an idea.
Father didn't believe that little Euler would have a way, so he ignored him.
Little Euler was in a hurry and said loudly, only moving a little stake in the sheepfold.
Father shook his head and thought, "How can there be such a cheap thing in the world?" However, little Euler insisted that he would be able to kill two birds with one stone.
The father finally agreed to let his son try.
Little Euler saw that his father agreed, stood up and ran to the sheepfold to start work.
He shortened the original side length of 40 meters to 25 meters centered on the stake.
The father was anxious and said, "How can that be done? Then how to do it? This sheepfold is too small, too small.
"Little Euler didn't answer, so he ran to the other side and extended the original side length15m, adding10m to 25m.
In this way, the original planned sheepfold has become a square with a side length of 25 meters.
Then, little Euler confidently said to his father, "Now, the fence is enough and the area is enough.
"
Father built a fence according to the sheepfold designed by little Euler. 100 meter fence is really enough, no more, no less, all used up.
The area is enough, a little bigger.
Father felt very happy.
Children are smarter than themselves, they really use their brains, and they will definitely have a bright future.
Father thinks it's a pity to let such a clever child herd sheep.
Later, he tried to let little Euler know the great mathematician Bernoulli.
On the recommendation of mathematicians, little Euler became a college student in university of basel on 1720.
This year, little Euler 13 was the youngest student in this university.
From one to one hundred
Gauss has many interesting stories, and the first-hand information of these stories often comes from Gauss himself, because he always likes to talk about his childhood in his later years. We may doubt the truth of these stories, but many people have confirmed what he said.
Gauss's father works as a foreman in a tile factory. He always pays his workers every Saturday.
When Gauss was three years old in the summer, when he was about to get paid, Little Gauss stood up and said, "Dad, you are mistaken.
"Then he said another number.
It turned out that three-year-old Gauss was lying on the floor, secretly following his father to calculate who to pay.
The results of recalculation proved that little Gauss was right, which made the adults standing there dumbfounded.
Gauss often joked that he had learned to calculate before he learned to speak, and often said that he learned to read by himself only after consulting adults about the pronunciation of letters.
At the age of seven, Goss entered St. Catherine's Primary School.
When I was about ten years old, my teacher had a difficult problem in arithmetic class: "Write down the integers from 1 to 100 and add them up! Whenever there is an exam, they have this habit: the first person who finishes it puts the slate face down on the teacher's desk, and the second person puts the slate on the first slate, thus falling one by one.
Of course, this question is not difficult for people who have studied arithmetic progression, but these children are just beginning to learn arithmetic! The teacher thinks he can have a rest.
But he was wrong, because in less than a few seconds, Gauss had put the slate on the lecture table and said, "Here is the answer!" " Other students add up the numbers one by one, and their foreheads are sweaty, but Gauss is still * * *, and he doesn't care about the contemptuous and suspicious eyes cast by the teacher.
After the exam, the teacher checked the slate one by one.
Most of them were wrong, so the students were whipped.
Finally, Gauss's slate was turned over and there was only one number on it: 5050 (needless to say, this is the correct answer.
The teacher was taken aback, and Gauss explained how he found the answer:1+100 =1,2+99 =10/,3+98 =/kloc-. There are 50 pairs and the sum is 10 1, so the answer is 50 × 10 1 = 5050.
It can be seen that Gauss found the symmetry of arithmetic progression, and then put the numbers together in pairs, just like the general arithmetic progression summation process.
The story of mathematician gauss
Gauss 1777~ 1855 was born in Brunswick, north-central Germany.
His grandfather is a farmer, his father is a mason, his mother is a mason's daughter, and he has a very clever brother, Uncle Gauss. He takes good care of Gauss and occasionally gives him some guidance, while his father can be said to be a "lout" who thinks that only strength can make money, and learning this kind of work is useless to the poor.
Gauss showed great talent very early, and at the age of three, he could point out the mistakes in his father's book.
At the age of seven, I entered a primary school and took classes in a dilapidated classroom. Teachers are not good to students and often think that teaching in the backcountry is a talent.
When Gauss was ten years old, his teacher took the famous "from one to one hundred" exam and finally discovered Gauss's talent. Knowing that his ability was not enough to teach Gauss, he bought a deep math book from Hamburg and showed it to Gauss.
At the same time, Gauss is familiar with bartels, a teaching assistant who is almost ten years older than him. bartels's ability is much higher than that of the teacher. Later, he became a university professor, giving Professor Gauss more and deeper mathematics.
Teachers and teaching assistants went to visit Gauss's father and asked him to let Gauss receive higher education. But Gauss's father thought that his son should be a plasterer like him, and there was no money for Gauss to continue his studies. The final conclusion is-find a rich and powerful person to be his backer, although I don't know where to find it.
After this visit, Gauss got rid of weaving every night and discussed mathematics with Bater every day, but soon there was nothing to teach Gauss in Bater.
1788, Gauss entered higher education institutions despite his father's opposition.
After reading Gauss's homework, the math teacher told him not to take any more math classes, and his Latin soon surpassed the whole class.
Interesting stories of mathematician Hua when he was a child
Hua (1910-1982) is a native of Jintan County, Jiangsu Province. He was named Luo Geng because his father, Hua fellow villager, put him on the laundry list of a lucky birth.
Hua loved to play and join in the fun since he was a child, but his lessons were mediocre and sometimes he failed.
I barely finished primary school and entered Jintan Middle School in my hometown, but I was still playful and my handwriting was crooked. When I do my math homework, I draw it carefully, but it's like graffiti. Therefore, Hua in junior high school is still disliked by teachers and often ruled.
Wang Weike, a middle school teacher in Jintan, has a unique vision. He studied Hua's graffiti book and found that these altered places reflected various methods he explored when solving problems.
On one occasion, Teacher Wang Weike told his students that Sun Tzu's Calculation of the Art of War had such a problem: "This matter is unknown, and the number of three and three is the second, the number of five and five is the third, and the number of seven and seven is the second. What is the geometry of things? " When everyone was silent, a student stood up. As you can see, flowers have always been looked down upon. At that time, he was only fourteen. Can you guess how much Hua said?
Chen Jingrun: When I was a child, my professor gave me a pearl.
More than 20 years ago, a reportage "Goldbach Conjecture", which caused a sensation in China, made a mathematical wizard a household name overnight.
The deeds of this man even promoted the early arrival of a great era of respecting science, knowledge and talents to a certain extent.
His name is Chen Jingrun.
Not talkative, he used to be an "ugly duckling".
Usually, a person who is born deaf will have a particularly keen eye, a person who is born blind will have a very keen hearing, and an "ugly duckling" who has been neglected and unpopular since childhood will often meditate involuntarily or in all kinds of helplessness, explore things, learn from things, and find a suitable position in the world to develop his potential.
You can say that this is forced out, but such "forced" will often "force" many great people.
Like Chen Jingrun in childhood.
Chen Jingrun was born in 1933, the family of a post office clerk. He just turned 4 when War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression started.
Soon, the wolf smoke of the Japanese invaders burned to his hometown of Fujian, and the whole family fled into the mountains, and the children entered the mountain school.
Fathers are too busy making a living to take care of their children's education; My mother is an old housewife and has worked hard all her life. She had 65,438+02 children, but only six survived.
Chen Jingrun is the third, with brothers and sisters, and younger brothers and sisters. There is an old saying in China that "the little boy in the middle has a flat head". He is thin and weak. It is conceivable that he is dissatisfied with his parents and is not good for his brothers and sisters.
At school, he is no better, because he is silent and doesn't like to talk.
Unpopular, bullied, and often beaten and scolded for no reason.
It happened that he was stubborn by nature and never begged for forgiveness in order to improve his situation. Unconsciously, he formed a self-enclosed introverted personality.
People always need to communicate, especially children.
A gifted child, faced with this dilemma, may become a perverse Woodenhead, but Chen Jingrun didn't.
His natural passion for numbers and symbols made him forget the hardships and troubles of life and concentrate on the pagoda of knowledge. He wants to find a breakthrough and find happiness in life there.
Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is to create a space for each student to fully develop according to their own characteristics through certain educational and teaching methods and means.
Chen Jingrun Jr. teaches students in accordance with their aptitude.
Fortunately, this pupil has met a professor all his life, but he is still a child.
In addition to burying your head in reading, you need face-to-face and hands-on guidance.
After all, what can bring the greatest, most direct and vivid inspiration and joy to children is the kind of communication and contact between people, which can make people's hearts glow with brilliant sparks.
Fortunately, when the family returned to Fuzhou, Chen Jingrun met Shen Yuan, a famous teacher who claimed to be a lifelong beneficiary.
Shen Yuan is a famous aerodynamicist, an aviation engineering educator and a leading figure in China's aviation industry.
He graduated from the University of London, Imperial College London, and was the head of the aviation department in Tsinghua University. He went back to Fuzhou from 1948 to take care of his family. During the war, he had to stay in his alma mater Huaying Middle School to teach temporarily, and Chen Jingrun was the student in his class.
Professors in famous universities have their own unique skills in teaching young children.
According to the age and psychological characteristics of the teaching object, Shen Yuan often introduces the explanation of the topic in a simple way by telling stories, which can easily lure those young children into the superb scientific world and arouse their great enthusiasm for science and learning.
For example, on this day, Professor Shen Yuan told the students a story about Goldbach's conjecture with great interest.
The "pearl" left by the teacher illuminates the future of juvenile struggle.
"We all know that in positive integers, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ... these numbers that can be divisible by 2 are called even numbers; 1, 3,5,7,9, etc. It is called odd number.
There is also a number that can only be divisible by 1 and itself, but not by other integers. This number is called prime number.
"
As usual, the whole classroom can even hear the sound of an embroidery needle falling to the ground in silence, only Professor Shen's calm and rich voice echoes.
"More than two hundred years ago, a German middle school teacher named Goldbach found that every even number not less than 6 is the sum of two prime numbers.
For example, 6 = 3+3, 12 = 5+7,18 = 7+1,24 = 1 1+ 13 ...
"However, guess is guess after all. Without rigorous scientific argumentation, it can only be a guess forever. " Now it's Chen Jingrun Jr.' s turn to make a commotion.
But in my heart.
How to scientifically demonstrate? Can I grow up? He thought.
Later, Goldbach wrote a letter to the famous mathematician Euler at that time.
Euler received this letter with great enthusiasm and threw himself into this interesting debate almost immediately.
Unfortunately, however, despite Euler's painstaking efforts, he failed to prove this conjecture until his death.
Since then, Goldbach conjecture has become a world-famous mathematical problem. For more than 200 years, it has made many talented scholars and heroes in the field of mathematics advance wave after wave and compete with each other.
The classroom is boiling, and the children's curiosity and imagination are mobilized.
"Mathematics is the queen of natural science, and the crown on the queen's head is number theory. The Goldbach conjecture I just mentioned is a dazzling pearl in the queen's crown! "
Shen Yuan finished the story about Goldbach's conjecture in one go.
The students talked about it in succession, and it was very lively, but the introverted Chen Jingrun didn't say a word, and the whole person was "crazy".
This quiet, quiet and thoughtful child was completely brought into a colorful magical world by Shen Yuan's story.
Although other students are amazed, when this admiration is over, it will be over, but he secretly tells himself over and over again:
"Are you okay? Can you take off this jewel in the crown of mathematics? "
One is a university professor and the other is a child with yellow mouth.
Although there is no communication or even conversation between them in the strict sense, this class is really a heart-to-heart meeting, because it laid the foundation for Chen Jingrun Jr.' s beautiful ideal, a goal to work hard for, and made him willing to fight for it all his life! Many years later, Chen Jingrun graduated from Xiamen University. A few years later, he was appreciated by the famous mathematician Hua and transferred to the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences.
Since then, under the leadership of China, Chen Jingrun devoted himself to the long-term and outstanding demonstration of Goldbach's conjecture day and night.
1966, a dazzling new star rose in the field of mathematics in China. Chen Jingrun told the world in the China Science Bulletin that he proved it (1+2)!
1In February, 973, Chen Jingrun, who rose from the catastrophe of the Cultural Revolution, revised (1+2) the certificate again.
A theorem it proved shocked the international mathematics community and was named "Chen Theorem".
I don't know if Professor Shen Yuan can still remember what he said to these children in those years, but Chen Jingrun always remembers that he has been so clear all his life.
Celebrity zhangcheng road