Daxi Mountain, located in Gyeonggi Province, stretches for 3,000 square kilometers, leaving a lot of imperial footprints in the years of regime change. The Eight Palaces in Jin Zhangzong are called the Eight Water Courtyards in Xishan, and the Shuangquan Temple on Shuangquan Mountain is one of them. It's called double water source. I often live in Shuangshuiyuan, visit mountains and rivers, and talk about Zen. As the prince of Yan, Judy traveled all over the Western Hills. After he became the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, he personally went to Tianshou Mountain in Changping to investigate the imperial tomb. When Emperor Wanli of Ming Dynasty visited Shijingshan, the first fairy mountain in Yandou, he wrote an inscription for a complicated cypress-Linggen Cooper with great interest. Since Emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties have visited the West Mountain Tanzhe Temple to worship Buddha and travel around the mountains. Only in the Qing Dynasty, four emperors, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing, visited Tanzhe Temple. The forehead of the "Jinyun Temple" at the entrance of this Millennium temple was created by Kangxi. In addition, Xiangshan Temple, Xiang Jie Temple, Huanggu Temple, Cishan Temple, Beihuiji Temple and Yongding River all have the footprints of the emperor.
We can see the natural features, social customs, human history and royal pattern at that time through the emperor's footprints in the Great Western Hills, because this is the epitome of a dynasty.
Shuangquan Temple was once a palace in the Jin Dynasty.
There is a Shuangquan Mountain in the west of Beijing, and there is a Shuangquan Temple on Shuangquan Mountain. The ancient village where Shuangquan Temple is located is called Shuangquan Temple Village. One mountain, one temple and one village are all named after two springs. Regarding the origin of Shuangquan, I didn't find any historical records, but I heard a legend around Shuangquan Temple.
According to legend, in ancient times, Shuangquan Mountain was densely forested, and there was a deep valley and gully in the mountain called Heilonggou. Two springs gushed from the mountain, one was Yangquan and the other was Yinquan. The mountain spring is continuous all the year round and merges into one in the middle of Heilonggou. Shuangquan Temple is located at the confluence of mountain springs.
The history of Shuangquan Temple can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, but it was not until it became a palace with double water sources in Wan Yanjing that this ancient temple was famous for its vicissitudes. Perhaps because of its proximity to the Imperial City and beautiful scenery, there have been many royal palaces in Shijingshan area in the west of Beijing, such as Xiang Jie Temple in Badachu, Huanggu Temple in Huang Xi Village and Beihuiji Temple in Pang Village, but these palaces were all formed later than Shuangquan Temple. In other words, Shuangquan Temple is the earliest royal palace in Shijingshan area.
According to Jin Zongji, a palace coup was just smashed before visiting Shuangquan Temple. Zhang Zong's grandfather Jin Shizong's chosen heir to the throne is Zhang Zong's father Wan Yan Yungong. Because Wan Yanyun has both ability and political integrity, she was established as the Crown Prince in the second year of Dading. Unexpectedly, the white-haired man sent the black-haired man, and Wan Yanyun died before his father. Since then, Jin Shizong has not established the Crown Prince, but established Jingping, the son of the great-grandson Yungong, as the heir to the throne. After Wan Yanjing ascended the throne, his uncles refused to accept it, which led to disaster. After putting down the rebellion, Jin Zhangzong wanted to find a quiet place to relax, so he chose Shuangquan Temple with flowers and trees.
There are eight palaces in Jin Zhangzong, which are called Xishan Bashui Courtyard. Shuangquan Temple is one of them, which is called "double water source". When rebuilding Shuangquan Temple, Jin Zhangzong ordered the construction of a prayer tower in the north of the temple, trying to pray to God through this tower and give him many children and blessings, because his six sons died one after another, and the future heir to the throne was undecided.
Today, the prayer tower no longer exists. A staff member of Shuangquan Temple told me that this Jin Zhangzong-era Shuangshui Academy has been revived and abolished several times. Decades ago, it was once the residence of the production brigade of Shuangquansi Village. Before the 20 10 reconstruction, only broken walls was left here. After three years of construction, it was completed and opened to the outside world on 20 13. This is a brand-new temple, which now includes the Hall of the Great Hero, the Hall of Guanyin and the Hall of the Earth Treasure.
Also said that Jin Zhangzong. Jin Zhangzong was a successful emperor. During his reign, he was politically clear and economically and culturally prosperous. Because his title was Mingchang, it was called "the rule of Mingchang" in history. The world-famous Lugou Bridge was built during his reign, and "Lugou Xiaoyue" has been listed as one of the "Eight Scenes of Yanjing" since Jin Zhangzong's reign.
What is particularly worth mentioning is his literary feelings. Due to the dual education of Jurchen culture and Han culture since childhood, he was most influenced by Han culture among successive emperors in the Jin Dynasty, and the sinicization of Jurchen nationality was finally completed in Jin Zhangzong period. Some people say that Jin Zhangzong Hong Yanjing belongs to the literati emperor, and can be compared with the emperors of Southern Tang Dynasty and Song Huizong, because he is good at painting and calligraphy, and his literary talent is good. He has a quatrain called "Palace": "Five clouds shine in the morning, and pavilions rise above the house of the Emperor. The curtains of the thirty-six palaces are all rolled up, and the east wind is everywhere. " Literary talent is not inferior to When is the Spring Flower and the Autumn Moon in the late Tang Dynasty, so Ci Yuan Cong Tan in the Qing Dynasty is considered as "the flow of Li and his son in the southern Tang Dynasty". Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty was also gentle and eloquent, but there were no such wonderful sentences in more than 40 thousand poems.
Jin Zhangzong prefers Song Huizong's thin gold calligraphy, whose handwriting is similar and can be confused. The British Museum has an ancient copy of Gu Kaizhi's "The Picture of a Female Historian", and there is a "The Picture of a Female Historian" at the left end of the book. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the painting spectrum has been recognized as handwriting, and it was later confirmed that it was written by Hong Yanjing, because the word "Gong" in the text lacked a pen, which was to avoid the taboo of Yun Gong, the father of Jingjing.
According to the Records of the Golden History, Wan Yanjing's mother, Queen Xiaoyi, has a high accomplishment in Chinese studies. She is "good at writing poems and books, especially loving Laozi and Zhuangzi", while his father, Yungong, is a talented painter, "good at painting chariots and horses, learning from Li, and taking deer as the most important and unique. From childhood, Wan Yanjing was gifted and extremely clever, thus creating a profound knowledge of China culture.
In addition to poetry and songs, Wan Yanjing is also a chess fan. Even if she goes out for a cruise, she never forgets to bring her own chess set. Sometimes when the sun goes down, the guards of honor with flags are gone, and he is still addicted to chess. Zhu Zhanji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty, was deeply impressed by this and wrote a poem saying: "In those days, the gold Lord was idle in government affairs and once sat on the mountain and played a game of chess. White clouds are far away, and the grass is lingering. " The title of this poem is Chessboard Island. The so-called Chessboard Island is a flat boulder in the mountains, not far from Shuangquan Temple. When Jin Zhangzong was in Shuangshui Garden, he often went there to play chess, and he always lingered. Thus, Jin Zhangzong is not only an emperor of literature and art, but also a man with temperament.
Judy visited Tianshou Mountain.
In the resplendent Ming Changling, I wandered between Ming Chengmen, Ming Chengdian and Fangcheng. Unknown weeds grew in the cracks of broken blue bricks and were trampled by footsteps coming and going. The thick Chinese pine, Platycladus orientalis and oak trees are flourishing, and there are shades everywhere. In the wide space of the courtyard, a piece of music with the same wide range is playing, sad and noble. In the blue sky, clouds seem to be dragged by worries and move slowly. I guess they want to drag the music to the sky.
I asked a staff member the name of the music and answered "Sun and Moon". This made me realize the foundation of broadness. Everything in the world is interpreted in the sun, moon, yin and yang, including all human legends. In my eyes, the words of heaven and earth, mountains and rivers, emperors and tombs infiltrated by the sun and the moon have become the names of two ancient people-Judy and Xu Yihua.
In the fifth year of Yongle (A.D. 1407), Xu Yihua, a 46-year-old queen, died of illness, but Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, did not build a mausoleum for her in Nanjing, the then capital. He sent people to Beijing thousands of miles away to look for "auspicious land" and prepared to bury Queen Xu there. Feng Shui master Liao and others traveled all over the suburbs of Beijing. After Tujiaying, Yangshan, Yanjiatai and Tanzhe Mountain were rejected one after another, Huang Tu of Changping County in the north of Beijing was finally chosen. After personal investigation, Judy was very satisfied with the mountainous terrain there and decided to build a royal mausoleum there, and renamed the little-known Huangtu Mountain Tianshou Mountain.
As for Tianshou Mountain, Jiang Yikui, a famous celebrity in the late Ming Dynasty, once described it in Chang 'an Hakka dialect: "From a close look, there is Phoenix Mountain in front, like Suzaku, and then there is huanghua town, like Xuanwu, like Zuomang Mountain, like Qinglong, like Huyu, like White Tiger, and two rivers, East and West Shankou, will flow in Chaoning River, and the jade belt will surround more than 30 miles. It is really heaven and earth." Only in this way can Judy's wish be realized, because he is a person who believes in Feng Shui.
In the seventh year of Yongle (A.D. 1409), Judy mobilized a large number of craftsmen and civilian workers, and began a huge imperial tomb construction project. Since then, he personally went to Tianshou Mountain to inspect the progress of the project, and named his first achievement Changling, which means that the national luck will last forever. In the 11th year of Yongle (A.D. 14 13), the underground palace of Changling was built and Empress Xu was ordered to move from Nanjing to Changling. In the 22nd year of Yongle (AD 1424), Judy died on her way home when she led the army to attack Mobei for the fifth time. The iron-blooded emperor, who had been active in the central political arena of the Ming Dynasty for decades, entered the underground Xuan Palace of Changling and was buried with Empress Xu.
Changling is the first imperial tomb in Tianshou Mountain and the largest one. Later, with Changling as the center, twelve imperial tombs, such as Xianling, Qingling, Yuling, Maoling, Tailing, Kangling, Yongling, Zhaoling, Dingling, Jingling, Deling and Siling, were successively built, which together with Changling are called the Ming Tombs. Today, the Ming Tombs have become national key cultural relics protection units, national key scenic spots, national 5A-level tourist attractions and world cultural heritage. Without Judy, there would be no Forbidden City, Yongle Grand Ceremony, Grand Canal, Zheng He's voyages to the West and the Ming Tombs in Beijing, and the history of the Ming Dynasty would be much dimmer.
Xu Yihua is the daughter of the door.
I saw the sitting statue of Yongle emperor Judy in the grace hall of Changling. He is sitting in danger, not anger and threats. "Is it a bronze sculpture?" I asked a staff member. "yes." He added, "hollow."
The bronze statue is hollow, and Judy is by no means invisible. In his heart, there is not only a famous country, but also a person who lives and dies together, and that is his beloved wife Xu Yihua. Despite the beauty around her, in Judy's mind, Queen Xu is irreplaceable. Judy has four sons and five daughters in her life. Seven of the nine children were born to Queen Xu, which shows the love of the couple. Such love is extremely rare in the palaces of emperors in past dynasties.
When Judy and Xu Yihua got married, he was 17 years old and Xu Yihua was 15 years old. At that time, Judy was not a king, but an ordinary prince. As the eldest daughter of Xu Da, the founding father, Xu Yihua has long been a talented woman in Beijing, not only beautiful, but also intelligent. Before getting married, she often peeked at her father's art books with great interest and never forgot them, so that Judy was always surprised when she discussed the war strategy with Judy. Later, Judy was made a prince, and Xu Yihua followed him to the fief in the north to defend the frontier with her husband.
Yan's affairs are complicated, and everything is in good order under your careful care. At that time, Yan Di, no matter the palace, the military camp or the home on the street, was permeated with a harmonious atmosphere, which was inseparable from the exemplary role of Rebecca and his wife. Due to political integrity and harmony, Yan Di's economy developed rapidly and its military strength gradually grew, which laid the foundation for Judy's great victory in the battle of Jingnan. If there is a selfless woman behind every successful man, then Xu Yihua is the man behind Judy.
After the early death of Crown Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Yuanzhang made Zhu Yunwen, the son of Zhu Biao, the great-grandson of the emperor. At the beginning of Zhu Yunwen's accession to the throne, he drastically reduced the number of vassal states in order to weaken the power of local vassal states and strengthen centralization. This angered his fourth uncle Judy, and the battle of Jingnan broke out. When negotiating the fief of Zhu Quan, the king of Ning, to unite against the imperial army, he took the opportunity to send troops to attack Yan in an attempt to destroy the lair in one fell swoop. Before he left, Judy had given the responsibility of defense to his eldest son, Zhu Gaochi. Whenever there is something important to do, you must first ask for instructions from Yan Fei's Xu, so what really commands the battle behind the scenes is. Facing the imperial army of 500,000, Xu Yihua was fearless in times of crisis. He instructed his son Zhu Gaochi to arrange the army, and personally went to the battlefield to boost morale. Xu Yihua's wisdom and courage won the trust of the army and civilians, and her unhurried general demeanor stabilized the morale of the army in time. Yan's morale is very high, and all the people are soldiers. They not only held the Yan Palace, but also created fighter planes for the counterattack against Nanjing. Therefore, Judy proclaimed herself emperor, and Xu Yihua played an important role.
After Judy ascended the throne in Nanjing, she brutally suppressed the former ministers who opposed him, causing panic in the court. At this time, Xu Yihua, who has become the queen, once again played the role of stabilizing the situation. Under her gentle persuasion, Judy finally put down the butcher's knife, and the books she compiled such as internal training and good words stabilized people's hearts and created a relaxed social atmosphere. The Yongle period of Ming Dynasty benefited from Judy's strategy of governing the country, and it was also inseparable from Xu Yihua's careful assistance. Unfortunately, Xu Yihua died after only being queen for four years. Since then, Judy has never awarded a new queen, because Xu Yihua is the only one in his mind.
After Xu Yihua's death, Judy didn't bury his beloved wife in Nanjing because he had decided to move to Beijing. His future home will be in Beijing, and Xu Yihua will also be buried in Beijing. As a result, Tianshou Mountain in Changping, Beijing has the Ming Tombs centered on Changling. Judy moved to Beijing for many reasons. One thing is certain, and that is his young time with Xu Yihua.
The Xishan Mountain in Beijing, where I often go, stretches for 3,000 square kilometers. It was Judy's fief in those days. As the prince of Yan, Judy's footprints are all over the Western Hills, and as the wife of the prince, Xu Yihua's footprints also stay in the Western Hills. In the majestic Western Hills, the stories of Judy and Xu Yihua were collected by the past mountain wind.
The Qing emperor favored Tanzhe Temple.
In the mountains in the west of Beijing, there are three thousand-year-old temples-Jietai Temple, Xifeng Temple and Tanzhe Temple, which are arranged in turn from southeast to northwest. If you draw a straight line, you can connect three ancient temples 5 kilometers apart. Among the three ancient temples, Tanzhe Temple has the largest scale, the highest status and the longest history.
Tanzhe Temple is named after Longtan and Zheshu. Longtan is an octagonal water body in the back hill. In the past, the blue waves of Longtan rippled, and after two springs met there, they flowed down the river, nourishing the ancient temples and the vegetation in the mountains. Now, the mountain spring has almost dried up, leaving only a pool of water in Longtan. "What a big pool of water?" I asked the duty officer at the gate of Longtan. She smiled and shook her head, explaining that she hadn't seen it either, and I couldn't say. There is a striking yellow warning sign under the stone square at the entrance-Longtan is temporarily closed for flood control and emergency rescue.
Due to the infiltration of mountain springs, Zheshu, which originally grew in the south, once took root and sprouted in Tanzhe Mountain. At that time, Tanzhe Mountain was full of lush Zheshu trees. The fruit of this small tree of Moraceae is similar to mulberry, which can be eaten and used for wine making. Every time it is ripe, the villagers nearby go up the mountain to pick it. The leaves of Zhemu can raise silkworms, and Zhemu can be used as dyes. At that time, the Buddhist vestments of Tanzhe Temple earned enough attention at the National Buddhist Dafa Conference. Those charming vestments are made of silk fabrics and dyed with wood. It is said that Zheshu bark is also a magical medicinal material, which can cure women's infertility. As a result, people stripped the bark of Zheshu one after another, causing the strong Zheshu to wither and die. They brought happiness to people, but they brought disaster to themselves. Later, the local people planted some Zheshu trees around Tanzhe Temple, but the sight of Zheshu trees all over the mountain no longer exists.
Tanzhe Temple is located at the foot of Tanzhe Mountain, backed by Mount Everest, and the nine surrounding peaks form a natural barrier, which blocks the chilly north wind and cold current in winter, making the climate here relatively warm and humid, with unique natural conditions. This ancient temple, known as "the first temple in the world", was founded in the Western Jin Dynasty. It has been 1600 years, and there has always been a folk saying that "Tanzhe Temple comes first, and Beijing is behind". In the long historical process, the name of Tanzhe Temple has changed several times. The Jin Dynasty was called Kafka Temple, the Tang Dynasty was called Longquan Temple, and the Jin Dynasty was called Daman Buddhist. In the Ming Dynasty, Longquan Temple and Kafka Temple were restored. In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi named it Yun Xiu Temple. In the folk, because of the existence of Longtan and Zheshu, people have always called it Tanzhe Temple.
Besides a long history, the building scale of Tanzhe Temple is second to none among the temples in Beijing. All temples are built on the mountain, with a central axis running through them, and the buildings on both sides are basically symmetrical, which embodies the aesthetic principles of ancient architecture in China. This architectural pattern is similar to that of Beijing. Tanzhe Temple has nine gates and nine passes, and Beijing has also built nine gates. In its heyday, Tanzhe Temple once had 99 and a half houses, while the Forbidden City in Beijing had 999 and a half houses, just like the expanded Tanzhe Temple.
At its largest scale, Tanzhe Temple had three lower houses besides the temple at the foot of Tanzhe Mountain, one was Fengfu Temple in Li Yuanzhuang, Yongding Town, Mentougou District, the other was a corner temple in Fuchengmen, and the third was Kannonji, Chao Hai outside Fuchengmen. At that time, Tanzhe Temple was well-produced, with more than 43,000 mu of cultivated land alone, and a large number of forest areas and Shan Ye. From Lugouqiao in the east to Zhuoxian in the west, Liangxiang in the south, Yanqing in the north and Fiona Fang for hundreds of miles, there are more than 400 villages whose property ownership basically belongs to Tanzhe Temple, so there is a folk saying that "the Zhuangzi of Tanzhe Temple is 360, and one person has enough to eat every day".
The reason why he is so rich is that Tanzhe Temple is the largest royal temple in Beijing with an unusual background. Tanzhe Temple, which is famous for its charming natural scenery and profound humanistic heritage, has been favored by emperors of all ages. Since Emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties have visited the Tanzhe Temple to worship Buddha and visit mountains and rivers, and allocated special funds to renovate and expand the temple. The royal identity of Tanzhe Temple was established in the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi (AD 1697). At that time, Emperor Kangxi named Tanzhe Temple "Yun Xiu Temple" and inscribed the temple forehead in his own hand, which became a symbol of the royal identity of Tanzhe Temple. The six ancient Chinese characters are still hanging on the lintel at the entrance of Tanzhe Temple. Under the care of the royal family, Tanzhe Temple entered its heyday, and its scale continued to expand, so that it developed into a huge temple landlord manor.
In history of qing dynasty, four emperors, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing, visited Tanzhe Temple for many times, and Emperor Kangxi had a special liking for Tanzhe Temple. In the 25th year of Kangxi (A.D. 1686), Emperor Kangxi made a decree to appoint Master Lu Zong, the abbot of Guangji Temple, and Zhenhuan monk who had been in contact with him for many years as the abbot of Tanzhe Temple. That autumn, Kangxi went to Tanzhe Temple to discuss Buddhism with monk Zhen Huan. He wandered between mountains and rivers, staying for several days and lingering for a long time. When leaving, Kangxi presented Tanzhe Temple with 10 Diamond Sutra, 10 Pharmacologist Sutra, 1 Sean, 1 Goddess of Mercy, 18 Luohan, a Shoushan Stone, to express his feelings of parting.
In the 31st year of Kangxi (A.D. 1692), Emperor Kangxi appropriated silver 12000 yuan to repair Tanzhe Temple on a large scale. Under the auspices of monk Zhen Huan, it took nearly two years to repair more than 300 temples from the autumn of the thirty-first year of Kangxi to the summer of the thirty-first year, which made this ancient temple look brand-new. When Emperor Kangxi visited Tanzhe Temple for the second time, he looked at the newly renovated temple and felt elated and spirited. He not only inscribed the forehead of "Building Yun Xiu Temple", but also inscribed plaques for the main halls, such as Ursa Major Hall, Tianwang Hall, Piluge Hall, Tan Jie Hall, Great Compassion Hall, etc., thus putting more royal labels on this ancient temple.
In the forty-first year of Kangxi (AD 1702), Emperor Kangxi visited Tanzhe Temple for the third time with his harem concubines. At this time, his old friend monk Zhen Xuan has been dead for three years. Seeing things and thinking about people, Kangxi was full of melancholy. Since then, in order to avoid touching the scene, he has never been to Tanzhe Temple. However, under the influence of Emperor Kangxi, concubines and princes of the harem kept going to Tanzhe Temple to worship Buddha, visit mountains and rivers and reward the temple with a lot of property. It's as if this thousand-year-old temple has become a royal back garden.
Looking back, the fate of Kangxi and Tanzhe Temple was very accidental. It was the 24th year of Kangxi (AD 1685). When he visited the Western Hills, he lived in Jietai Temple in Maanshan, western Beijing. The grand scale of that thousand-year-old temple has corrupted him. At the dinner that day, someone told him that Jietai Temple was a drop in the bucket compared with Tanzhe Temple 20 miles away. So curiosity made him pay attention to Tanzhe Temple. This concern is lifelong.
(Yue Qiang)