1, date:1943165438+1October 27th.

2. Participating countries: Republic of China, United Kingdom and United States.

3. Document: Cairo Declaration

4. Target audience: Japan. The Cairo Conference laid the foundation for China's territorial integrity. The declaration pointed out that "the purpose of this war is to stop and punish Japanese aggression." "The purpose of the Three Kingdoms is to deprive Japan of all the islands in the Pacific Ocean captured or occupied in 19 14 since the beginning of World War I, and to return the territories stolen by Japan from China, such as Manchuria, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands, to the Republic of China".

5. Background:1At the beginning of June, 943, American President Roosevelt expressed his intention to hold talks with Churchill, Stalin and Chiang Kai-shek to the government of the Republic of China.

10 year 10 on October 28th, during the meeting of foreign ministers of the three countries in Moscow, Roosevelt called Chiang Kai-shek again: "The Moscow meeting has been going very fast so far, and I hope the result will be beneficial to all parties. JUNG WOO contributed to the unity of China, Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States. Roosevelt stressed: "I know you don't want to leave your country for a long time, but now traveling is very suitable for me." "JUNG WOO is looking forward to meeting you, because there are many problems in my letter, which can only be solved satisfactorily if we meet face to face."

165438+1October 2, Chiang Kai-shek called Roosevelt and said that he would go to Egypt to meet Roosevelt and Churchill. On the 9th, Roosevelt formally invited Chiang Kai-shek to arrive in Cairo on 2 1. Churchill also called Chiang Kai-shek and said that he would "take this opportunity not only to recognize each other, but also to discuss how to defeat the common enemy at an early date and achieve complete victory, and ensure each other's future work in all aspects to promote their own security and prosperity."

1943165438+10, Song Meiling accompanied Chiang Kai-shek to the Cairo Conference and served as Chiang Kai-shek's translator. In the Cairo Declaration issued after the meeting, Chiang Kai-shek, American President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill explicitly announced that Japan must return the three northeastern provinces, Taiwan Province Province and the Penghu Islands to China after the war.

6. Impact: The Cairo Conference was the first time that China participated as a world power since the Opium War 100 years ago, which enhanced China's international prestige and established its position as the top four China countries.

7. Note: Second meeting

After the meeting in June 1 943 65438+February1Tehran, Roosevelt and Churchill returned to Cairo, and the United States and Britain had a heated debate on the Myanmar war. 1943 After the meeting started on February 4th, Churchill demanded that the troops fighting back against Myanmar be transferred to the "overlord" operation to strengthen the second battlefield in Europe.

Roosevelt claimed to be "stubborn as a mule" in the dispute with Churchill, pointing out that the United States and Britain have a moral obligation to China, and there is no reason to give up amphibious operations in Myanmar, but "the British are not willing to fight this battle at all, and I can't make them nod". Roosevelt had to withdraw his promise to Chiang Kai-shek in order to maintain the consistency between Britain and the United States.

On February 7, 65438, Roosevelt called Chiang Kai-shek to explain that it was difficult to launch amphibious operations in the Bay of Bengal because a large number of landing craft were needed to open up the second battlefield in Europe in the summer of 1944. This actually means that the joint operation plan of the three countries formulated at the first Cairo Conference has failed.

Two. tehran conference

1, time: 1 943165438+1October 28th to 65438+February1.

2. Participating countries: the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain.

3. Document: Tehran Declaration

4. Background:1In July, 943, Roosevelt suggested that Stalin organize a bilateral meeting. On August 7, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill also sent a letter to Stalin, proposing to organize a tripartite meeting in Scarpa Bay, Orkney Islands, England. Stalin told Roosevelt and Churchill that he wanted to "turn the meeting of representatives of the two countries into a meeting of representatives of the three countries."

He suggested that the meeting be held in astrakhan or Arkhangelsk. Churchill and Roosevelt, who are attending the Quebec conference, sent a letter to Stalin on August 19, 2009, stressing the importance of the tripartite meeting and proposing fairbanks, Alaska as the meeting place of the Big Three. In his reply, Stalin affirmed the importance of the meeting of the Big Three, but proposed that when the Soviet army was fighting the "Hitler's main force", it could not go to such a distant place as fairbanks.

Later, Roosevelt put forward the idea of 10 1 15 to February 18 to hold a meeting of the Big Three in North Africa. Stalin pointed out in his reply that it is acceptable to set the duration of the Big Three at 165438+ 10 to 65438+February. "As for the meeting place, it is more appropriate to designate a country with representative offices in all three countries, such as Iran." In this way, the proposal of holding a meeting of the Big Three in Iran was put forward for the first time.

Two days later, Churchill wrote back and agreed to attend the Tehran meeting. Churchill proposed to use the ancient Greek word "Ebri Card" (meaning "I found it") as the code name of this operation, and changed "Teheran" to "Cairo -3". However, Roosevelt moved out of some provisions of the US Constitution and the mission of the conference, and opposed Tehran as the venue for the meeting of representatives of the three countries.

He suggested replacing Tehran with Cairo or Asmara, the capital of former Italian colony Eritrea. Roosevelt enthusiastically proposed to Stalin that an American warship anchored in a port in the eastern Mediterranean be the meeting place, while the outside world said that the meeting place was in the suburb of Baghdad, and the meeting date was set at165438+1October 20-25. Stalin agreed to the arrangement of the meeting date. In order to continue to direct the Red Army's military operations by telephone and telegram, he insisted that the meeting should be held in Tehran.

At the end of 10, Roosevelt sent another letter to Stalin, insisting that the meeting should be held near Baghdad and in Asmara, Ankara or Basra along the Persian Gulf. Stalin said that he could not attend meetings outside Tehran in person, but he could send representatives anywhere. Roosevelt gave in and agreed to hold a meeting of the Big Three in Tehran.

5. Impact: The Tehran Conference and the Tehran Declaration were important steps for the major countries of the anti-fascist alliance to establish effective military cooperation in the later period of the war, which had a great effect and influence on strengthening the unity of allies, speeding up the process of the Second World War and completely defeating the fascists of Germany, Italy and Japan.

The Tehran Conference was a conference of great historical significance in the Second World War. First of all, it coordinated the military strategy against the common enemy for the first time in the history of the anti-fascist alliance, and adopted the unified operational plan for the joint attack of the East and West Allied Forces on Hitler's Germany, which laid the foundation for the decisive victory of the European anti-fascist war in 1944, thus having a great impact on the process and outcome of the war.

Secondly, the meeting resolved some long-standing major contradictions and differences between the three great powers, namely, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union, enhanced mutual understanding and trust, consolidated cooperation with the international anti-fascist alliance, and laid the foundation for the allies to solve other problems and cooperate to rebuild post-war world peace. At the same time, at the Tehran meeting, the three powers reached some compromises that harmed the interests of other countries for their own interests, which had a negative impact on the post-war world.

6. Target audience: Germany. The meeting discussed the division of Germany, the establishment of international organizations to maintain peace, and the border issues between the Balkans, France, the Far East, Finland and Poland.

Three. yalta conference

1, time:1945 February 4th to February 1 1.

2. Participating countries: the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union.

3. Document: Yalta Agreement

4. Target audience: Dealing with Germany, Poland, the Far East and the United Nations after the war.

5. Background: 1944, the situation of the anti-fascist battlefield in the whole world, whether in the European continent, the Asian continent or the Pacific battlefield, prompted the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union to "actively" prepare for an important meeting.

The situation on the European battlefield has undergone fundamental changes. "The Soviet Red Army and the United States and Britain are attacking the Germans from both sides and pushing the war to Nazi Germany step by step.

Soviet troops on the eastern front of Europe have launched a counterattack on the 1200-kilometer-long front from the Baltic Sea to the Carpathian Mountains in the north. Their vanguard troops have crossed the Oder River, only 60 kilometers east of Berlin. On the western front of Europe, the U.S.-British Coalition forces basically smashed the last counterattack launched by the Germans in the Ardennes and arrived at the west bank of the Rhine. The collapse of fascist Germany is imminent, and the victory of the anti-fascist allies in the European battlefield is just around the corner. "

However, in the Asian and Pacific battlefields, the situation of fighting against Japan is quite difficult. However, the Japanese army, which has always been at an absolute disadvantage in the Pacific battlefield and completely caught in a passive beating situation, is still competing with the US military island by island, resulting in an extremely fierce battle, and both sides have suffered heavy losses in the long battle for islands. On the seas of Chinese mainland (Kuomintang) and Southeast Asia, the Japanese army still occupies a large area of land and many islands.

It is based on the above understanding that the American military leaders are planning to concentrate their absolute superior forces and make a final attack to end the Pacific War as soon as possible, so as to contain the Japanese troops on the territory of China and prevent them from reinforcing the Japanese islands, and at the same time, they are eager for the Soviet Union to participate in the war as soon as possible. It was with such urgency that1February 1945, American President Roosevelt went to the Crimean Peninsula of the Soviet Union as scheduled to attend the upcoming meeting in Yalta.

6. Impact: The Yalta Conference basically solved the problem of post-war peace and arrangement. 1July 7 ~1August 2, 945, the Potsdam meeting between the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain was actually a further supplement and repair to the resolutions and regulations of the Yalta meeting. The meeting mainly discussed the issues of Germany, Poland, basic policies towards defeated countries such as Italy and the Black Sea Strait.

Clauses: Germany must be militarized, democratized and Nazi eliminated; The commanders-in-chief of the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France exercise management power in their respective occupied areas; Britain and the United States recognized the Polish interim government and broke off diplomatic relations with the government in exile; Poland's western border issue is ultimately decided by the Peace Conference; Set up a meeting of foreign ministers to discuss peace treaties with defeated countries such as Germany and Italy; Considers that the Montreux Strait Convention should be revised; Konigsberg and its vicinity were assigned to the Soviet Union.

The Yalta Conference played an important role in easing the contradictions among anti-fascist allies, strengthening the international anti-fascist United front, coordinating the actions against German and Japanese fascists, accelerating the victory of the world anti-fascist war, punishing war criminals after the war, and eliminating the influence of Nazism and militarism, which had a far-reaching impact on the formation of the post-war world pattern.

Four. potsdam conference

1, time:1945 July 17 to1945 August 2.

2. Participating countries: the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union.

3. Document: Potsdam Agreement

4. Target audience: the disposition of postwar Germany and the arrangement of solving postwar European problems.

5. Background: The background of the Potsdam Conference was1May 8, 945, when German fascists surrendered unconditionally and the European anti-fascist war ended successfully, but the war against Japan in the Far East remained fierce. In order to discuss the disposition of postwar Germany and the arrangement of solving postwar European problems, and strive for the Soviet Union to fight against Japan as soon as possible.

6. Impact: The Potsdam meeting was the longest and last meeting of the three heads of state during the war. This meeting is of great significance for winning the final victory of the anti-fascist war, and reached agreement on many major issues after the war, thus establishing the political structure of the post-war world.

At the meeting, the leaders of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union fought fiercely on a series of international issues, reflecting that the relations between the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union began to deteriorate. With the end of the war, the new contradiction and the contradiction between the two social systems have become the main contradiction between the eastern and western powers again, thus becoming an important part of the international struggle in a period after the war.

Extended data:

The influence of Yalta Conference on China;

The decision made by Yalta Conference behind the back of the China government, which is detrimental to China's territory and sovereignty, is the expression of chauvinism and power politics of big countries, and also marks the climax of appeasement policy again. At the same time, it is usually regarded as the symbol of the cold war. The Yalta Conference was an important international conference in the Second World War.

It coordinated the relations between the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain, gained mutual understanding, strengthened the unity of the anti-fascist United front, helped mobilize all the forces of the allies, and finally defeated the German and Japanese fascists. It discussed some major international issues after the war and made some arrangements. However, when it comes to the sovereign interests of other countries, especially China, it violates the principle of equal cooperation and respect for sovereignty integrity of all countries in the world, and there is a power political performance in which big countries dominate everything.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Cairo Conference

Baidu Encyclopedia-Tehran Conference

Baidu Encyclopedia-Yalta Conference

Baidu Encyclopedia-Potsdam Conference