19 17 After the restoration failed in July, the Anhui warlord leader Duan was re-appointed as the prime minister and regained the real power of the Beijing government. Duan refused to restore the provisional constitution and the old parliament in order to implement the policy of reunification by force. Instead, it adopted the suggestion of Liang Qichao, the head of the research department. On June 5438+0 10, it organized a provisional Senate as an acting legislature, revised the organic law of the National Assembly and the election laws of the Senate and the House of Representatives, and then convened a new parliament according to these new laws. This will abolish not only the temporary contract law, but also the old parliament. We can also use the new congress as an ornament of a democratic Republic to deceive public opinion and make all illegal acts of Anhui warlords put on a legal coat. After the establishment of the provisional Senate, it actively began to revise the organization law of the National Assembly and the election law of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The revised Organic Law of the National Assembly and the Election Law of the House of Representatives were officially promulgated by the Beijing Municipal Government on February 19 17, 2008, completing the legislative task. In order to manipulate parliamentary elections, the newly revised election law for members of both houses of parliament reduced the number of Senate seats from 274 to 168; The number of members of the House of Representatives decreased from 596 to 406. At the same time, in terms of education level and property ownership, the qualifications of voters and elected people have been improved. The next day, the Beijing government ordered the Ministry of the Interior to organize new parliamentary elections. 19 17 In July, in order to oppose Zhang Xun's crime of colluding with Beiyang warlords, abolish the provisional constitution, dissolve the National Assembly and restore the imperial system, Sun Yat-sen launched a movement to protect the law. In August, the special congress was held in Guangzhou. 1 in September, Sun Yat-sen was elected as the Grand Marshal. 10 June 10, the protector military government was established, and the protector movement officially began, forming a confrontation between the north and the south. Duan relied on the support of Japanese imperialism and insisted on suppressing the southern law popularization movement with the power of Beiyang army in order to realize his ambition of reunifying the whole country by force; Feng Wei, the leader and acting president of the direct warlord, tried to solve the North-South problem peacefully by confronting the Anhui system and relying on the support of British and American imperialism. After the Franco-Prussian War broke out, the contradiction between Feng and Anhui became increasingly acute, and it was even more incompatible with Duan. 165438+1On October 22nd, Feng was removed from the post of Duan's prime minister, and Duan's US cabinet fell for the second time. In order to defeat the south and overthrow Feng, Anhui used a lot of Japanese loans and arms aid to organize troops to participate in the war, and its military strength was greatly strengthened. On the other hand, politically, we tried to oust our political opponent Feng through the new parliamentary elections, and elected our own leader or someone who can be used by the Anhui Ministry as president, so as to completely control the military and political power of the central government. Therefore, Anhui warlords, bureaucrats and politicians attached to Anhui kept in touch before and after the convening of the provisional Senate, and gathered strength to form a political faction that could manipulate the election of the new parliament. Thus, Anfu Club came into being. As early as August of 19 17, politicians and Zeng, both of whom belong to Anhui department, often met at the residence of Liangshitang in Anfu Hutong, Xuanwumen, Beijing. At first, it was purely club-style, playing chess and cards, inviting banquets and prostitutes, doing everything, and occasionally exchanging political views. After the establishment of the Provisional Senate, especially after the revision of the Organic Law of the National Assembly was announced, more and more Anhui bureaucrats and politicians gathered together, and the hot topic of discussion turned to political issues, especially parliamentary elections. 1965438+On March 6, 2008, the Beijing Municipal Government issued an order on the date of the second election of the Senate and the House of Representatives, and the primary election and re-election of the House of Representatives were held on May 20 and June 10 respectively. The Senate election will be held on June 20th. On the evening of March 7, Wang, Zeng, Zheng Wanzhan, Liu Enge and others met in Liangzhai and decided to set up an organization.

Anfuhui is a collection of warlords, bureaucrats and politicians who seek factional and personal interests for Anhui warlords. Its front desk leader is Wang, and the mastermind behind it is Duan's confidant Xu Shuzheng. Xu once revealed to a confidant that the purpose of his organization was to establish an Anfu system, putting the president under his arm and in the pocket of the prime minister, thus monopolizing the state power. The Lord of the world has left me, those who rebel against me are jealous, others follow the leadership, and others are content. Someone asked me, this statement is sincere and powerful, but can it be decided that people in the Ministry will definitely make it public? Sunrise: I have the money to drive it away. I won. If I don't use it, I won't. Don't put up with other people's pain. Others want to be rich and prosperous, and the surplus will enable them to realize their wishes. Why do you say English is obedient? After the Anfu Society was founded, because the Beiyang Army won some military victories in the war to protect France, the main warring factions in Anhui succeeded one after another, and Feng was forced to replace Duan as prime minister on March 23, 2008. Duan immediately launched a fierce offensive to manipulate the new parliamentary election. On April 26th, Cao Kun, Zhang and Ni Sichong jointly sent a telegram, demanding that a new congress be convened quickly. On May 4th, the State Council, the Beijing Municipal Government, called to deny all the functions and powers of the Provisional Senate acting as the representative of Congress. Immediately, under the command of Duan and Xu Shuzheng, Anfu Society accepted 3 million yuan of assistance from Liang Shiyi, the director of the old communications department, and sent personnel to various provinces to arrange local elections by illegal means such as political coercion, money bribery and forged votes. Xu Shuzheng personally drew up the list of candidates for the Senate and the House of Representatives, and ordered the provinces to hold elections according to the drawn-up list by telegram. Some areas buy tickets at a high price of 5,000 yuan per 400 yuan, 800 yuan 1.200 yuan; In some areas, the number of voters is exaggerated and votes are forged to ensure their number is elected; In some areas, primary school students suspended classes for one day, acted as voters, and queued up to vote in cycles, and each primary school student competed for several votes; Some areas even arrested voters who refused to vote on the designated list. At the end of July, the election results were announced. Except for Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces, which did not admit that the new Congress would not participate in the election, a total of 14 provinces participated in the election, and 147 senators and 325 members of the House of Representatives were elected. The two houses got 472, including 384 Anfu, accounting for more than 80% of the total, and became the sole dominator of Congress. Due to the disagreement between the Research Department and the Anfu Department when the Provisional Senate passed the election law for members of Congress, and because of their close relationship with Feng, the contradiction between the Research Department and the Anfu Department became increasingly prominent with the progress of the US presidential election, and was squeezed out by the Anfu Department in the election for members of Congress. For example, Yang Du of the research department bought 45 tickets at a high price of 500 yuan each. Unexpectedly, after the ballot box was opened, many votes changed the word Yang Du to Yang Pi, Yang Du Zhi, Yang Dou and Yang Dou. Invalid votes accounted for more than 30 votes and were not elected. As a result, the research department only got more than 20 seats in total, which was a fiasco. On August 12, the new Congress was held in the House of Representatives of Xiangfangqiao. During the meeting, Congressman Anfu gave everyone a 300 yuan allowance. Wang of Anfu Department and warlord Liu Enge were elected as deputy speakers of the House of Representatives respectively, and Liang Shiyi of the former Ministry of Communications was elected as deputy speakers of the Senate respectively. This congress is generally called the new congress, while the first congress held in 19 12 is called the old congress. Because the new parliament is in charge of the Anfu Department and holds an absolute majority of seats, it is also called the Anfu Department Congress. Anfu Parliament, as the royal organ manipulated by Anhui warlords and money, not only violates the original parliamentary democracy, but also tramples on American democracy.

Anhui wanted to promote Duan to the presidency, but at this time, due to various pressures, it was inconvenient to go to power directly. First, Anhui's traitorous dictatorship policy has aroused opposition from all sides. His image in the eyes of the people of the whole country has been very disgraceful, and he is considered to be the chief culprit in bringing disaster to the country and people. Secondly, the contradiction between the direct line and the Anhui department has become increasingly acute, and the direct line generals in front have repeatedly issued a power call for strike and peace, opposing the unified military policy of the Anhui department. If the Anfu family openly defected to Feng, it would deepen the division between Anhui and Guizhou and lead to the disintegration of the whole Beiyang family. At the same time, Duan's failure in the southwest and the bankruptcy of the unified policy of force also put Duan at a disadvantage. So Duan backed out and said that not only would he not be president, but he could step down with Feng and give up the position of prime minister to avoid the split of Beiyang faction. In this situation, Duan and Anhui warlords and Anfu politicians unanimously elected Xu Shichang, a veteran of Beiyang School, as the principal. Xu Shichang, whose real name is Buyi, is a juren. He was a scholar in the Qing Dynasty and an editor in imperial academy. From 65438 to 0895, he cooperated with Yuan Shikai to establish a new army in Tianjin Railway Station and became Yuan's main consultant. Later, he successively served as the minister of war in Qing Dynasty, the governor-general, the governor of three northeastern provinces, the minister of postal services, and the assistant minister of the royal cabinet, and was awarded a bachelor's degree in Tirentang. 19 14, Yuan Shikai abandoned the State Council and set up a government. He was the first secretary of state. When Yuan proclaimed himself emperor, he was named one of the four friends of Songshan Mountain, which was inappropriate for Yuan. This person is highly qualified, experienced in officialdom politics, smooth and versatile, good at politics and observing people's feelings. In the confrontation between Anhui and the North-South struggle, he tried his best to please both sides and took himself as a mediator. Close to Anhui, close to immediate family members, is acceptable to Anhui. Duan took Xu Shichang as a scholar, had no relieving power and was easily manipulated, so he decided to introduce Xu as the president. Under such circumstances, Feng Neng himself could not even hold the presidency, and supported Xu Shichang to ease the contradiction between Anhui and Guizhou. In addition, the old Ministry of Communications and the Research Department headed by Liang Shiyi had political ties with Xu Shichang and tended to Xu. On September 4, the Senate and the House of Representatives held a presidential election meeting. A total of 436 members attended the meeting. Xu Shichang was elected as the second president of the Republic of China with 425 votes. On October 10th, Xu was sworn in at Huairentang. On the same day, Xu issued an order to remove Duan from the post of prime minister and Qian Nengxun took over. Feng and Duan step down at the same time. Back to the windy river, back to my hometown to recuperate, and completely lost power and influence politically. Duan is still responsible for participating in the war, with seven well-equipped participating troops in his hands; At the same time control Anfu Congress; The cabinet is also occupied by the Anhui department, so the Anhui department can still control the political situation in Beijing. Convenor of Angolan Parliament and Xu Shichang Wu are both rising stars in southwest provinces and opponents of direct warlords. Starting from the concept of legal system, the law enforcement in southwest provinces thinks that Anfu Congress was born on the basis of the organization law of Congress abolished by Anhui warlords and the election law of members of both houses of Congress, and was amended by another illegal temporary Senate, so it is illegal. Moreover, the election process was completely manipulated by the power and money of Anhui Province, and the five southwestern provinces did not participate in the election at all, so they did not recognize the Anfu Society. They didn't personally oppose Xu Shichang, but they didn't learn from the illegal parliament to recognize his presidency. They still recognized Feng's position as acting president. Because Wu opposed the unification policy.