Looking at the historical development and evolution of malignant tumor treatment methods, it is not difficult to see that tumor surgery, tumor radiotherapy and tumor chemotherapy constitute the three pillars of modern tumor therapy, and the three methods have their own characteristics and complement each other.
Judging from the therapeutic effect, surgery and radiotherapy are both local treatments. Therefore, tumor surgeons and radiation oncologists have a very similar understanding of the concept and structure of tumors. Both believe that malignant tumors occur locally, invade surrounding tissues through lymphatic vessels or metastasize to other places through natural cavities. The focus of this treatment is naturally local, that is, drug treatment to control local growth and local spread, especially lymph node metastasis, is a systemic effect method. Therefore, tumor chemotherapy experts pay more attention to the spread and spread of malignant tumors besides local tumors.
Their viewpoint on tumor treatment is the viewpoint of cell index killing, so it is necessary to emphasize multi-course and sufficient methods to completely kill most tumor cells.
Tumor treatment has gone through surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and biotherapy. In recent years, many scholars put forward the concept of comprehensive tumor treatment. The so-called comprehensive treatment of tumor refers to the planned and reasonable application of existing treatment methods according to the patient's physical condition, pathological type, invasion range (disease stage) and development trend, in order to greatly improve the cure rate. It can be said that the research of oncology embodies the cooperation and complementarity of many disciplines. The treatment of tumor has also entered the era of comprehensive treatment. The basic idea of comprehensive treatment of tumor is that all components in the system theory are added in stages, and the algebra is greater than that of each component. As an integral part of comprehensive tumor treatment, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and biotherapy are organically combined according to the characteristics of different cases to achieve the best therapeutic effect. When people comprehensively treat cancer, most of them remove the primary focus first and then add chemotherapy, which is not only beneficial to the staging of the disease. At the same time, it can prevent tumors that are not sensitive to the timing of tumor resection, but are sensitive to testis, anus, larynx and pharynx. People try preoperative chemotherapy, which shows the effect of chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy refers to chemotherapy for micrometastatic cancer after effective local treatment to prevent recurrence and metastasis.
Since 1980s, scientists led by the United States and Japan have made a breakthrough in the study of Grifola frondosa, also known as Grifola frondosa, which has brought new treatment methods to cancer patients. The results showed that maitake contained dextran with β-( 1-6) as the main chain, β-( 1-3) as the side chain, and active dextran with β-( 1-6) as the side chain. At the same time, it was also found that the purified active glucan can only be effective by injection, while the Grifola frondosa D fraction (the combination of active glucan and protein) can get ideal effect by oral administration.
The chemical structure, composition and molecular weight of D- fraction of Grifola frondosa are different from those extracted from other mushrooms such as Lentinus edodes, Coriolus versicolor and Ganoderma lucidum, and its biological activity is incomparable with these similar substances.