It is a bit difficult to determine the origin of Liang Zhu in Seven Places in China and Three Readings of Liang Zhu's Tomb. When folk literary and art circles celebrate Guqin's entry into the world intangible cultural heritage list, the host of the ongoing "Liang Zhu World Heritage Application" has another place-Jining, Shandong, which is another application after the "Liang Zhu World Heritage Application" in Yinzhou, Zhejiang and Yixing, Jiangsu. Butterfly Lovers, as one of the four major folklore stories in China, is widely spread and is called Romeo and Juliet in the East by Europe and America. At present, there are more than a dozen places related to Liang Zhu, such as Ningbo, Yixing, Qufu and Qingshui. Where does the filtered advertisement of "Liang Zhu" originate? How do the three places view the protection of this cultural heritage? Controversy over Birthplace —— Zhejiang, Sulu and Jiangsu have their own opinions about Zhejiang: Witness: Ma, county magistrate of Yinzhou District, Zhejiang Province (executive deputy director of Yinzhou District People's Congress and chairman of Yinzhou Federation of Literary and Art Circles in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province). The legend of Liang Zhu probably began after the Three Kingdoms and before the Six Dynasties, and now it can be verified. It was first recorded in the book "Golden Temple" during the period of Emperor Liang Yuan. The book was written around 552-554 AD, but a more detailed record should be found in Xuanshizhi read by Zhang in the late Tang Dynasty: "Yingtai, the daughter of Zhu in Shangyu, disguised as a man, studied under Hui Ji (a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang-editor's note) * *, and they had a very good relationship. Zhu Yingtai went home first, and two years later, Shan Bo visited, only to know that Yingtai was a girl ... "Judging from this historical record. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Li, the magistrate of Mingzhou, wrote an article "Records of Yinzhou" and copied it down: "Yizhongwang Temple, Sheng Jun Temple, and the temple was closed in the west of Shili County, Baizhi County, etc." According to expert research, Liang Shanbo was originally a magistrate of Yinxian County, honest and clean, and died from overwork. At present, the expert group believes that the original birthplace of Butterfly Lovers is Gao Qiao Town, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City. Jiangsu: Liang Zhu was recorded as a native of Yixing 70 years earlier than Zhejiang. Witness: Huang (Deputy Director of the Office of Cultural Relics Management Committee of Yixing City, Jiangsu Province, declaring the world intangible cultural heritage) is in Yixing. According to legend, after the "become a butterfly" in Zhu Yingtai, every year in early spring and March, there will be pairs of colorful butterflies dancing near Bixian Temple, a good scroll cave where Zhu Yingtai and Liang Shanbo study. In the poem "You Zhuling Mountain Spring Cave" by Xue Jiyi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, there is a saying: "The butterfly dance sets the mountain god and the flowers bloom like jade." To commemorate them, the local people named Bixian Temple "Yingtai Reading Room", built the "Zhu Ling" and celebrated the first day of the third lunar month. Legend is Yingtai's birthday? It is designated as the "Double Butterfly Festival". In April 2002, more than 60 experts and professors from Jiangsu academic circles, historical records circles and tourism circles gathered in Shanjuandong, Yixing City. Experts attending the meeting believed that a great deal of evidence showed that Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai belonged to Yixing people. Jiang, a retired expert who has been engaged in Liangzhu culture research for more than 40 years, has also made a major breakthrough in the evidence of county records. According to Song Xianchun's Piling Records, in the second year of Qi Jianyuan (A.D. 480), Shanjuan Temple was called "a native of Yixing, Liang Zhu", which was 70 years earlier than the earliest record in Jin Lou Zi written by Liang in A.D. 550. Shandong: A witness to the hometown of Confucius and Mencius in the Han Dynasty: Fan (President of the Cultural Research Association of Jining City, Shandong Province and Deputy Director of the Cultural Relics Bureau of Jining City) excavated the tablet of "Liang Shanbo's Tomb" in Jining, Shandong Province in June165438+1October this year, which should be said to be a "comeback" because this tablet has existed for a long time in history, but it has not been appraised by authoritative channels. Through the content of the epitaph, it can be confirmed that Liang Zhu was a generation of Confucius and Mencius in Han Dynasty. It is generally believed that Liang Zhu's story took place in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but the social background recorded in Liang Zhu's tombstone is the social custom of respecting filial piety, which can be used as the basis for being an official. Before the Eastern Jin Dynasty, only the Han Dynasty practiced the system of "respecting filial piety and saving righteousness", which was in line with the background of Liang Zhu's story. In Yishan, Zoucheng, an important place of Confucian education, there is a relic of Liang Zhu's reading cave. In March, 2002, Jining Cultural Relics Bureau organized experts to excavate Liang Zhu's cemetery, and found Han Dynasty stone reliefs, pottery and some funerary objects, which further confirmed that Liang Zhu was a native of Han Dynasty, the hometown of Confucius and Mencius. The story of Liang Zhu has a great spread space, involving more than a dozen cities. There are seven tombs of Liang Zhu, three reading rooms and a "Liangshan Temple" in China. Debate on applying for the World Heritage-We should not fight alone for Liang Zhu's application for the World Heritage, but who is qualified to undertake Liang Zhu's application for the World Heritage? Experts in Yixing, Jiangsu believe that the earliest birthplace of Liang Zhu's historical facts and folklore is Zhu Ling in Yixing, Jiangsu. Therefore, Yixing takes it as its own responsibility to undertake Liang Zhu's application for World Heritage. Ningbo, Zhejiang believes that The Story of Liang Zhu in Ningbo has a wide range of social recognition, and also regards the application of Liang Zhu as a cultural event. At present, both sides are planning the protection of Liangzhu cultural heritage. As early as May, 2002, the "Liangzhu International Cultural Seminar" held in Ningbo began to declare the world intangible cultural heritage. At that time, government officials presented a beautiful collection of legends and stories of Liang Zhu to the representative of UNESCO Beijing office. In February of 65438+, Liang Zhu cultural researchers from all over the country gathered in Ningbo to discuss the feasibility report of Liang Zhu's application for World Heritage. However, at the end of 65438+February, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, which has been keeping a low profile, also organized a "Liang Zhu Shen Yi" leading group, with local government officials and researchers as the main leaders. Unexpectedly, another opponent was killed at this time. Fan, president of Shandong Jining Liangzhu Culture Research Association and deputy director of Jining Cultural Relics Bureau, said that their association is actively preparing for Liangzhu's application for the World Heritage. In February next year, they will organize a general survey of Liangzhu culture in the hometown of Confucius and Mencius, rebuild Liangzhu tomb and build a Zhu culture park. The controversy over Liang Zhu's application for World Heritage lies in the investment environment. Before the dispute over Liang Zhu's application for World Heritage, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces also experienced the dispute over the "birthplace" of Liang Zhu stamps from June 5438 to October 2002/KLOC-0. Because the landing stamp of the first stamp means acknowledging that the locality is the origin of Liang Zhu's story. Whether it is the competition for the place where stamps are issued or the dispute for applying for the World Heritage, it is actually the competition for the investment environment. Ma, chairman of Zhejiang Ningbo Yinzhou Federation of Literary and Art Circles, did not completely deny this. "The important purpose of our application for World Heritage is to protect this cultural heritage, and also to enhance Ningbo's urban cultural brand. Ningbo is also a famous cultural city with a history of 7,000 years. However, under the tide of market economy, our urban history and culture are gradually forgotten. Liangzhu is our precious wealth and one of our urban cultural brands. Fan, deputy director of the Cultural Relics Bureau of Jining City, Shandong Province, said: "Qufu, Shandong Province was originally the hometown of Confucius and Mencius, but the culture of a city is diverse and we also need it. It is better to do it together in Liang Zhu, because Liang Zhu is the culture of the Chinese nation, not to protect the' Liang Zhu' in a certain place, nor to enhance the economic and cultural construction in a certain place. " Fan also admitted that the story of Liang Zhu has a great spread space, involving more than a dozen cities. There are seven tombs of Liang Zhu, three reading places and one in the "Liangshanbo Temple". Due to the age and lack of authoritative records, I am not completely sure where it is. The reporter learned that in March next year, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province will hold the "Special Action for the Protection of Butterfly Lovers". They will organize folk culture experts to interview in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Hebei, Henan and other places, and collect information about Butterfly Lovers from all over the country to lay the foundation for applying for world cultural heritage. It is also known that according to the regulations on applying for World Heritage, Liang Zhu will wait until at least 2005 to apply for World Heritage. The Dilemma of Cultural Inheritance —— Protectors suggest that the legend of Liang Zhu should be included in education. Ma, chairman of Yinzhou Federation of Literary and Art Circles in Ningbo, Zhejiang, told the reporter, "Modern people have the impression that music, dance and other folk legends are derivative arts, and they have never heard of real legends. Taking Yinzhou as an example, most of the surrounding villages have become small towns, and people are enjoying everything created by modern science and technology. After work, who will chat with Liang Zhu after watching TV and surfing the Internet? Therefore, Liang Zhu's oral and oral heritage is facing extinction. "Ma Zhao Cheng sighed." This is the biggest problem for us to protect Liang Zhu. " Ma said shyly, "At the end of the 20th century, we invested tens of millions of yuan to build Liangzhu Cultural Park and held three Liangzhu Folk Culture Festivals. Future protection plans include Liangshan Bo Tomb Reserve and Liangzhu Information Museum. But the hardest thing is the inheritance of this word of mouth. We have also imagined whether to build Liangzhu Village, but it is very difficult. " In this regard, Bai Jisheng, vice chairman of China Folk Culture Association, believes that if the legend of Liang Zhu is incorporated into school education, cultural inheritance will not be a problem. This kind of culture is vulnerable in the competition of modern cultural development and must be protected.