Evergreen shrubs or small trees are temperate tree species.
The leaves are opposite, mostly oval or rectangular, smooth, leathery and serrated.
The flowers are clustered, and the corolla is divided into milky white, yellow, orange red and other colors.
There are more than 20 cities in China, including Quzhou City and Hanzhong City. Osmanthus fragrans is the city flower or city tree.
Osmanthus fragrans is native to the eastern Himalayas in southwest China, and also distributed in India, Nepal and Cambodia.
Wild osmanthus fragrans grows in southwest China, Sichuan, Shaanxi (south), Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui and other places, and is now widely planted in Huaihe River basin and south China. Its suitable area is north to the lower reaches of the Yellow River and south to Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan.
Like warm and humid climate, it is a subtropical tree species, resistant to high temperature but not too cold.
Osmanthus fragrans leaves are lush and evergreen, and the trees are long in age. They bloom in autumn and are full of fragrance. It is a unique ornamental flower and aromatic tree species in China.
Osmanthus fragrans is mainly distributed and cultivated in the vast tropical and north subtropical areas from the north of Lingnan to the south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains, which is roughly equivalent to 24 ~ 33 north latitude.
The area has good hydrothermal conditions and suitable precipitation. The soil is mostly yellow brown soil or yellow cinnamon soil, and the vegetation is mainly subtropical broad-leaved forest.
Under the influence of the above conditions, Osmanthus fragrans grows well, forming national famous commodity production bases of Osmanthus fragrans such as Xianning in Hubei, Taoyuan in Hunan, Suzhou in Jiangsu, Guilin in Guangxi, Hangzhou in Zhejiang and Chengdu in Sichuan.
Osmanthus fragrans is not strict with the soil. Except alkaline soil and low-lying land or soil that is too sticky and poorly drained, it can generally grow, but slightly acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage is more suitable.
Edit the morphological characteristics of this paragraph
Osmanthus tree
Osmanthus fragrans, an evergreen shrub or small tree of Oleaceae, is 1.5 ~ 8m high.
The crown is round, semi-circular and oval, and it can cover 600 square meters.
The bark is rough, taupe or gray, and the whole or upper part is sparsely serrated.
Leaves opposite, oval or oblong.
Three to five peanuts are in the axils of leaves, most of them are born in the spring shoots of that year, and there are flowers on the branches of two or three years old. The four petals of each flower are very fragrant.
Leaf axils are umbrella-shaped, flowers are small, yellow and white, and they are very fragrant.
The bark is smooth and gray.
The single leaf is opposite, the leather is bright, the leaf shape and leaf margin vary with varieties, the leaf shape is elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, and the leaf margin is whole or serrated.
Flowers are axillary cymes, small and fragrant, and their colors vary with varieties.
There are osmanthus fragrans with strong growth potential, thick branches, large leaf shape, rough leaves, dark green leaves and orange red leaves; There are silvery laurel trees with medium growth, smooth leaves, serrated leaves, milky white flowers and dense and sweet flowers; Strong growth potential, smooth leaves, sparse serrated or whole leaves, light yellow flowers and sparse fragrance, which can bloom with the above varieties from September to autumn 10, or once every two or three months.
Dangui and Sijigui, the fruit is purple-black drupe, commonly known as cinnamon.
Osmanthus fragrans seedlings have obvious taproots, developed and deep roots.
Young roots are yellow-brown, and old roots are yellow-brown.
The root system of grafted seedlings varies with rootstock; When cuttings are buried in the soil, adventitious roots grow everywhere, but there is no obvious main root.
Osmanthus fragrans is highly branched and has low technical points, especially in its infancy, which often appears as a shrub for a long time.
After close planting or pruning, it can become an obvious trunk.
Bark is rough, grayish brown or grayish white, sometimes showing lenticels.
The leaf surface is smooth, leathery, dark and bright green near the axis, and the far axis surface is more talked about; Oval, oblong, oval, obovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, oblanceolate to ovate-lanceolate.
Osmanthus fragrans (O *** anthus fragrans) has opposite leathery leaves and inflorescences clustered in leaf axils. The flowering period is from September to 10 and the fruiting period is from March to April of the following year.
Osmanthus fragrans adapts to the vast subtropical climate.
Sexual preference is warm and humid.
The average temperature in the planting area is 14~28℃, the average temperature in July is 24~28℃, the average temperature in June is above 0℃, the minimum temperature is-13℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 15~28℃.
Humidity is very important for the growth and development of osmanthus fragrans. The annual average humidity is 75% ~ 85%, and the annual precipitation is about 65438 000mm mm. Especially when young trees and adults bloom, they need more water. If there is drought, it will affect flowering, and strong sunshine and shade are not good for their growth. Generally, they need 6-8 hours of light every day.
Osmanthus fragrans likes warm environment and should grow in acidic sandy soil with deep soil layer, good drainage, fertility and rich humus.
Not drought-tolerant and barren, it grows very slowly in shallow, hardened and barren soil, with few branches and leaves, thin leaves, yellow leaves, no flowers or few flowers, and even periodic dead tops. In severe cases, the whole plant of osmanthus fragrans died; It likes sunshine, but it has a certain shade tolerance.
Small trees need some shade, and adult trees need relatively sufficient light to ensure the normal growth of osmanthus fragrans.
It is observed that one side of the crown of osmanthus fragrans clings to the wall, or when the crowns of two osmanthus fragrans plants overlap with each other, the crown close to the wall or the overlapping part will soon become sparse, which will affect the shape and beauty of the whole crown.
It can be seen that osmanthus fragrans is suitable for planting in ventilated and light-transmitting places; Osmanthus fragrans likes clean and ventilated environment, is not resistant to the harm of smoke and dust, and often cannot blossom after being victimized; Afraid of waterlogging, if waterlogging damages, the root system will be black and rotten, the leaves will be scorched at the tip first, and then the whole leaves will wither and fall off, leading to the death of the whole plant; Not very cold-tolerant, but compared with other evergreen broad-leaved trees, it is still a cold-tolerant tree species, which provides more possibilities for potted osmanthus in the north.
Edit the cultivation history of this part.
osmanthus flowers
Osmanthus fragrans has a long history of cultivation in China.
The earliest reference to osmanthus fragrans in the literature is the Mountain and Sea Classic Nanshan Scene in the Old Warring States Period (475 BC-2265438 BC+0 BC), which means "Fragrant osmanthus fragrans all over the mountain".
Qu Yuan (340-278 BC)' s "Nine Songs of the Chu Dynasty" also includes: "Help Beidou to drink osmanthus pulp, and Xinyi car is a laurel flag".
From the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Osmanthus fragrans has become a valuable flower and exquisite tribute.
In the early Han dynasty, it was introduced into the palace clamp garden and was successful.
Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, osmanthus planting has become popular.
In the Tang Dynasty, it was very common for literati to plant osmanthus, and chanting osmanthus became a common practice.
There is a famous sentence in the poem Lingyin Temple in the Song Dynasty, "Osmanthus fragrans is in the middle of the moon, and the fragrant clouds float outside", so later generations also call it "Tianxiang".
After Tang and Song Dynasties, Osmanthus fragrans was widely used for garden cultivation and appreciation.
In the poem Osmanthus fragrans written by Ni Zan in the Yuan Dynasty, there is a phrase that "the leaves of osmanthus fragrans are dusk, and the light and shadow in autumn are dim", which shows the situation of planting Osmanthus fragrans in front of the window.
Folk cultivation of osmanthus fragrans began in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the early Ming Dynasty.
Five osmanthus producing areas in the history of China were all formed here.
Osmanthus fragrans from China was introduced to Britain through Guangzhou and India in 177 1, and has developed rapidly in Britain since then.
Now it is cultivated in many countries in Europe, America and Southeast Asia, especially in Mediterranean countries.
Edit the variety classification of this paragraph.
Osmanthus fragrans has formed many cultivated varieties through long-term artificial cultivation, natural hybridization and artificial selection.
In recent years, the resources and varieties of Osmanthus fragrans have been extensively investigated in major cities all over the country, the flowering characters have been recorded on the spot, the characters of various Osmanthus fragrans have been analyzed and compared, the relatively stable genetic characters have been selected, and four Osmanthus fragrans varieties have been identified and sorted out by combining the traditional classification methods and the application in garden production.
Jingui
Osmanthus fragrans var. Jingui. Sage, Jingui, golden flowers, strong smell and thick leaves.
Jingui Variety Group: It blooms in autumn with lemon yellow to golden yellow flowers, including Dahuajiugui, Dayehuang, Huangchuan Jingui, Late Jingui, Round Leaf Jingui and Golden Globe Jingui.
Yin Gui
Osmanthus fragrans var. Broad-leaved, osmanthus flowers are white, slightly yellow, with strong smell and thin leaves.
Yin Gui variety group: autumn flowering, pure white, milky white, yellow white, light yellow, seeded Yin Gui (seeded), Jiulong Guigui, early Yin Gui, late Yin Gui, Baijie and other varieties.
Dangui Dangui
Osmanthus fragrans var. Aurantiacus, osmanthus fragrans flowers are orange in color, moderate in smell, thick in leaves and dark in color.
Osmanthus fragrans variety group: It blooms in autumn, and its color is dark, orange yellow, orange red to vermilion. There are varieties such as "Dahuadangui", "Yadangui", "Zhusha Dangui" and "Broad Leaf Red".
Four seasons laurel. Semperflorens, the four seasons laurel is also called laurel.
The flowers are slightly white or yellowish, with faint fragrance and thin leaves.
It blooms all year round.
Sijigui
Osmanthus fragrans variety group: it blooms all year round, and there are varieties such as "laurel", "Osmanthus fragrans" and "Osmanthus fragrans".
There are some varieties worthy of popularization and application in each variety group, such as "Osmanthus fragrans" and "Fodingzhu with big leaves" in the variety group of Sijigui, all of which are small shrubs with a height of 0.5-1.5m. ..
"Osmanthus fragrans" has a light yellow flower, and each node of the same branch blooms one after another, and there are flowers almost every day, hence the name.
There are a large number of mother plants in Cangxi, Sichuan.
"Big-leaf Buddha's Dingzhu" has milky white to pure white flowers, dense inflorescences and unique terminal inflorescences, which bloom continuously from spring to autumn.
They have high ornamental value and can be potted indoors or planted outdoors in a large area.
There is a osmanthus tree in Dongchong Village, Xianghongdian, Lu 'an, Anhui Province, with a trunk circumference of about two meters, a tree height and a crown diameter of about thirteen or fourteen meters. The annual output of osmanthus fragrans is about 200 kilograms, which has a history of more than 500 years. It has been listed as the "King of Osmanthus fragrans" in "Zhou Zhi of Lu 'an" and also included in the list of ancient trees in Anhui Province. While carefully protecting osmanthus, the villagers also planted a large number of osmanthus trees, which are found in almost every villa.
Different species or varieties can be selected for breeding according to different needs.
For the purpose of picking flowers, high-yield types with dense flowers should be selected, such as "Huangchuan Jingui", "Jingui", "Seed Yin Gui", "Big Flower Dangui" and "Orange Red Dangui".
For the purpose of seeing flowers and smelling fragrance, osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus cinnabarinus, Osmanthus fragrans and Osmanthus fragrans should be selected.
Shrubbery, potted plants and bonsai should be selected from "Fusang", "Big Leaf Buddha's Fixed Pearl", "laurel", "Four Seasons Cinnamomum", "Kowloon Cinnamomum" and "Willow Cinnamomum". And take them as trees or choose "Huang Yingui with big leaves", "Jingui", "Dangui with big leaves" and "Jingui with big Dan" as the garden owners of Jing Yi.
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