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What are the historical and commercial values of the plaques in imperial academy in Qing Dynasty?
Plaque is an inevitable part of ancient architecture, equivalent to the eyes of ancient architecture. The word "bian" in the tablet was called "bian" in ancient times, and the interpretation of "bian" in Shuo Wen Jie Zi is: "bian, department also, from household registration. Those who register are also articles of the portal. " The word "quantity" and "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" are the words "quantity". Is the plaque hanging on the door curtain. In other words, what is used to express Confucian classics and feelings belongs to the plaque, and what is used to express the name and nature of the building belongs to the forehead. Therefore, together, we can understand the meaning of the plaque: the plaque is a literary form hanging on the door curtain for decoration, reflecting the name and nature of the building and expressing people's feelings. But there is also a saying that the horizontal one is called plaque and the vertical one is called forehead. Plaques are usually hung above the door and under the eaves. When there are doors on all sides of the building, plaques can be hung on all sides, but the front door must have plaques, such as royal gardens, temples and the residences of some celebrities. Many plaques are carved with dragons, phoenixes, flowers and patterns. Some are inlaid with pearls and jade, which are extremely gorgeous.

Plaque is a unique folk cultural product of the Chinese nation. For thousands of years, it has integrated China ancient culture with Ci-poetry, calligraphy seal cutting and architectural art. With its concise poems, exquisite calligraphy, far-reaching implications, guidance and evaluation, it has become a wonderful flower in the garden of Chinese culture. As a symbol of national culture, plaques have been widely used in cities and rural areas. Due to historical changes and other factors, it is difficult to see old plaques with cultural relics in cities now. Because of this, the old plaque is precious. The more common plaques can be roughly divided into five categories according to their nature: one is the hall number plaque, such as Yuewei Caotang in Ji Xiaolan; A kind of memorial archway plaque, which is usually used as a commendation, such as commending the rich for observing norms and commending rural teachers; One kind is birthday celebration, and there are a lot of such plaques; First, famous plaques in developed commercial areas, such as Rong Baozhai and Tong Ren Tang. The other is the inscription plaque of literati, which is literary or aphoristic. At present, the inscriptions, shop names and mottos of literati are popular. The historical plaque was the first cultural relic to be destroyed. Because it was hung in the open air, it is rare to see old plaques in cities at present.

As far as building materials are concerned, plaques can be roughly divided into stone plaques, wooden plaques and gray plaques.

Since the stone inscription came into being, it has been closely related to the cultural life of our people, combined with architecture, folklore, literature, art and calligraphy, and penetrated into all aspects of social life. Its scenery writing is lyrical and profound, and it is very appealing to literature and art. Hanging at the door of the house is dignified and elegant, and hanging in the hall is magnificent, decorated with antique places of interest and depicting mountains and rivers. Although there are not many words in the film, it is awe-inspiring to watch.

Looking at all kinds of plaques, whether it is the decoration of houses or the decoration of mountains and rivers, they all express the desire of working people to pursue a better life. For example, most of the plaques on the houses are: Lan Zhi entered the room, loyalty and loyalty, family heirloom, happiness, expensive house and so on. Reflect the natural landscape, such as beautiful scenery and lingering clear water. All these words expressing auspiciousness, tranquility and peace have been regarded as the words of happiness and all the best in Fu Rui since ancient times, which fully express our people's auspicious wishes, pursuit of happiness, beautiful ideas and appreciation interest.

Secondly, all kinds of plaques in our country, especially those in ancestral halls and folk houses, although most of them reflect traditional ethical concepts, many of them have certain positive significance. For example, "the world's virtues are still fresh", "the world's virtues are still fragrant" and "the five horses are still fragrant", which flaunts the tastes and habits of our ancestors, inherits the excellent moral character, intelligence and glorious tradition of our predecessors, and makes the family's good reputation passed down from generation to generation, which has certain educational and enlightenment functions.

In addition, all kinds of inscriptions are mostly written by celebrities or literati, and it is difficult to find these old plaques in the market now. These plaques are a collection of characters, seals, carvings and colors. Most of them are flowery in rhetoric, exquisite in calligraphy and concise, reflecting the politics, economy, culture, art and folk customs at that time, and playing a supplementary role in official history. "Studying history with plaques can help Wang Zuo; Learn the Tao with a plaque, and you can get the eye of the Tao; Learning a book with a plaque can get the essence of the pen. " Because of its historical value, academic value, cultural relic value and artistic value, the plaque has become a physical specimen for us to study the development of national culture today. If these rubbings are assembled, it will undoubtedly be a rare masterpiece of calligraphy, which has certain reference and appreciation value for calligraphy lovers.

But also very valuable research materials for people who study local history. To the surprise of those literati, the calligraphy they inadvertently left behind will become a cultural relic for future generations to study history and appreciate calligraphy. With the development and progress of society, whether it is to praise virtue or as a symbol; Whether decorating our facade or decorating mountains and rivers, plaques as a cultural phenomenon will also become history, and the collection of plaques will become necessary and inevitable.