Rigorous structure refers to the gradual development of composition ideas, distinct levels, proper division and arrangement of paragraphs, reasonable layout of each part, beginning and ending, transition and care.

There are generally no stylistic restrictions on college entrance examination compositions. Here, several methods of article structure are introduced according to three styles: narrative, argumentative and explanatory.

I. Traditional structural methods

1. The narrative structure is flexible, with emphasis on the beginning, ending and transition. For example, the ways to start are: straight to the point, setting suspense, atmosphere rendering, environment description, result explanation and so on. The ways of ending are: echoing the beginning, discussing lyricism, natural ending, abrupt ending and so on. The methods of conceiving are: trying to popularize first, burying the seeds, positive and negative comparison, correspondence between reality and reality, misunderstanding and coincidence, setting suspense and so on.

2. The structure of argumentative essays generally has an introduction-this theory-conclusion. The introduction methods include: revealing arguments, quoting famous sayings, asking questions, telling facts, comparing disputes, describing objects, etc. The methods of this theory are: parallel argumentation, step by step, positive and negative comparison; The ways of induction are: Zhang style, question heuristic, hope call style, etc.

3. The structure of explanatory text is generally "total score" or "total score" or "total score". Different description objects often describe extensions in different ways. For example, the common dynamic explanation of time sequence, the common static explanation of spatial order and the common logical explanation of logical sequence can be explained in a causal, classified, comparative and hierarchical way.

Second, innovative structural methods.

1. Fragment structure

Structurally, the article consists of several seemingly independent fragments, which can be spread around the same theme.

The main feature of this fragment structure is freedom of structure, which can avoid the transition from the beginning to the end and make writing more convenient and relaxed. Each segment is relatively independent, but it can describe people and things from different angles and sides, express the theme and enrich the content of the article; The form of expression is more free and flexible.

For example, the composition "Three Chapters of Nature" combines the feelings of "bird's heart", "blue sky's worry" and "fish's advice" in the form of fragment structure, expressing the expectation of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

Borrowing style

When writing a topic composition, the style is not limited. At this time, it is often surprising to express the theme in some special styles. These special genres include some literary genres, such as novels, fables, dramas, fairy tales and essays. Some applied styles such as speeches, letters, diaries, interviews, investigation reports, live performances, news reports, and special styles in some fields, such as medical diagnosis books, instructions, advertisements, investigation reports, judgments, tenders, etc.

Candidates can choose their own style according to their hobbies and specialties, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and achieve innovative results. There are many examples in this respect, all of which are rated as perfect compositions or first-class compositions because of their novel structures.

For example, a candidate in Guangdong Province took pig Bajie's desperate behavior to save a child as the object of comment, and let "guests" representing various incorrect views on fame and fortune in society appear one by one to interpret the theme in the form of live broadcast. The scene designed by the author is the studio "Dare to Speak", which is hosted by Cui Renjin. The theme is "Can Pig Bajie win the 2008 Touching Mind Award" and the "guests" are "Touching the members of the jury, Bajie's relatives and friends, and representatives from all walks of life". It was also noted that "Tang Priest and his disciples attended in person, the villagers of Gaolaozhuang formed a group of relatives and friends, and Chang 'e attended as a judge". At the beginning, after reading it for the first time, we seemed to be in the scene of TV broadcast and were deeply attracted by the unique and novel expression of the article.

3. A new story

The new story is to transform the classic story that people are familiar with, and then create and process it on the basis of the original plot, that is, to rewrite and continue the original story, or to express the content and theme of real life by borrowing historical figures and characters in classic stories. The advantages of this method are that it is convenient to obtain materials, conceive and innovate; It can have the effect of borrowing the past from the present and make the article look relaxed and interesting.

For example, in the article "The Story of New Gong Yu and Zhicuo", the author transformed a well-known story, and the idea was quite novel and ingenious. The Journey to the West, written by Hunan examinees, continues and rewrites Journey to the West, and deduces the bizarre story of four people learning from the scriptures. This article blames the demise of the Tang Dynasty on Xuanzong's failure to read back the scriptures. The story is novel and far-reaching, and it is really a wonderful masterpiece.

4. Special perspective

Different observation angles will have different effects. So we can tell stories and express themes from some special perspectives. Special perspective refers to the perspective of special people other than ordinary people, or the perspective of things other than humans such as animals and plants. In addition, you can also choose a multi-subject perspective. For example, there are several protagonists in a story, and everyone stands up to express the story. Using a special perspective can make the article achieve novel effects, produce freshness, and make the description unconventional and refreshing.

For example, in the article "The Lonely Tiger in the Moonlight" written by a candidate in Guangdong, the author describes the tragedy with a tiger tone from a special perspective, which arouses people's concern about the living environment of wild animals. In the article "An Open Letter to the Earthlings" written by a candidate in Guizhou, the author narrates the discussion with a special perspective and a special subject-alien tone, indicating a sharp criticism of human destruction of the environment.

5. Lens structure

Some composition materials are not fresh, but some clever students can use the technique of film montage to show the rich connotation of the composition through lens combination, picture switching and voice-over. This kind of article is often refreshing because of its novel form and ingenious structure.

For example, the composition entitled "Highlights in Life": The article uses montage to express "brightness" by cutting four shots in life. The author marks four scenes in life (in the alley-the street-the shop-the way home), just like a movie script, which is novel in structure and gives people a brand-new feeling. The lens structure can often reduce the transition, pave the way for the text, and help to concentrate pen and ink on describing events and portraying characters, thus making the theme of the article more concentrated and the rhythm more lively.

6. Question and answer structure

The article is composed of "questions" and "answers", which is fresh and unique. The "problem" is actually the author's problem, which constitutes the outline of the article; The answer is the main body of the article. This structure can be designed to answer questions with each other, or it can be designed to answer questions by itself.

For example, in the composition entitled "Four Questions about Frustration", the author controls the structure of the full text in the form of four questions and four answers. The four questions "What is frustration", "Does frustration really exist", "Where is the boundary between frustration and success" and "What does frustration inspire me" have formed a step-by-step discussion, which makes the structure of the article orderly and gives people a sense of unity.

7. Single-line beaded structure

In the face of complex things and various contents, the most effective way is to connect related materials with a clue to make them seamless. This clue can be someone, something, an event, the development and change of people's thoughts and feelings, the passage of time, the change of place and so on.

Two points should be paid attention to when setting clues in composition: first, the clues should be linked with all parts of the article, and the materials should be organized and the theme expressed in a unified way; Second, the clue should start and end, and run through it.

Third, structural arrangements should pay attention to issues

1. Improve the structure according to the style.

College entrance examination composition candidates often have the freedom to "choose their own style", which can be narrative, argumentative and other general styles, prose, novels, scripts, poems, fables, fairy tales and other literary styles, as well as letters, notices, notices, advertisements, recipes, charts, diagnostic reports, experimental reports, interviews with reporters, news reports, live speeches, court trials and other styles. But no matter what style you choose, you must have a title from beginning to end, and it must conform to the structural characteristics of various styles. For example, a letter must have several parts, such as title, body, information, signature and date, and must be written in the corresponding position correctly. Incomplete structure is the taboo of composition in examination room. If there is no title, no ending, the losses caused by open buckle and hidden buckle are heavy.

2. Reasonable arrangement and proper division

What materials are available first and what materials are available later should be arranged reasonably, which should not only conform to the law of development of things, but also conform to the thinking process of people understanding things, so that the article can be connected from top to bottom, from front to back, and ups and downs. Generally speaking, narratives are often arranged in chronological order, and articles about landscapes are often arranged in chronological order and spatial order. The explanatory text can be arranged in time, space or logical order according to the characteristics of the explanatory object; The basic structure of argumentative writing is "putting forward questions (introduction) → analyzing questions (papers) → solving problems (conclusions)". The natural paragraph is the basic unit of the article, and the proper division of the natural paragraph becomes the basic requirement of the layout structure. Divide the section into sections, instead of the old-fashioned "three-stage" style of beginning, body and end. The title should be eye-catching, the beginning should be fascinating, the main body should be substantial and rich, and the end should be concise and powerful.

3. Transitional care, compact and tight

Transition is the adhesive of materials and the bridge between layers. All places should arrange transitions, such as the turning point of ideas, the change of narrative, the change of characters, the change of topics, the beginning and end of total scores, and the change of expression techniques. The commonly used transitional forms are conjunctions, transitional sentences and transitional paragraphs, but no matter what form is adopted, we should strive to have a natural, compact and tight structure; In addition, we should pay attention to the necessary care, grasp the whole from beginning to end in the writing process, and lead the part with the whole. A specific term in the article should take into account the position and function of the whole paragraph and the continuity of the upper and lower sentences; The composition of a paragraph, whether it is sentence pattern, length or expression, should take into account the coordination with adjacent paragraphs and whether it is accurate and appropriate as a whole; The end of the article depends on the beginning, how to respond, and whether there is repetition. Only in this way can the whole article be well-organized and organically unified.

4. Start and end

The beginning and the end are part of the article and should change according to different articles. There are many methods at the beginning, but they can be roughly divided into two categories: one is the writing method of "getting to the point" or "getting down to business", which explains the reasons for writing; Or "start with meaning" to reveal the theme of the full text; Or "get down to business", that is, tell a story quickly; Or "cut to the chase" and make it clear that the enemy is wrong. The other is "visualization" writing, or describing the environment leads to characters; Or express feelings and render the atmosphere; Or tell a modest story first and draw a profound truth; Or borrow poems and proverbs as the beginning of the narrative. The beginning is good, novel, vivid and fascinating. There are many ways to end, or summarize the full text to reveal the main idea; Or show the future to boost morale; Or express feelings to enhance the appeal of the article; Or the language is implicit, making readers cover their books and daydream. Good ending, endless aftertaste and thought-provoking.

Fourthly, "reference harmony" in the article.

In the article, "reference harmony" is generally divided into the following categories:

1. head-to-tail coordination. There is a distance between the beginning and the end of the article, that is to say, the things described at the beginning or the questions raised at the end are deepened or answered in various ways, giving people a sense of integration.

2. Title concern. This kind of quotation is mostly used in articles with implicit titles and must be annotated and explained. Therefore, the title of the text plays the role of annotation and punctuation.

3. Dialogue and care. Is to repeat care many times in the language of typical characters. For example, the mantra of Xianglinsao in Lu Xun's Blessing is "I'm so stupid, really, I only know that when it snows, the wild animals in the mountains will come to the village without food; I didn't know there would be spring. " This sentence has appeared many times, highlighting the heavy blow of the child's death to Xianglinsao.

4. Pay attention to details. Vivid and typical details appear repeatedly, which can highlight the typical significance of details. For example, in Ru Zhijuan's novel Lily, there are four holes in the clothes of the little correspondent, which highlights the shy and simple character of the little soldier.

5. Keyword care. In other words, the key words that express the theme take care of each other and complement each other in writing.

6. Suspense care. There is no hurry to solve the suspense in the works, but repeated hints make readers more and more interested in the fate of characters or the outcome of events. For example, Xiao Gan's "Jujube Stone"

Five, the rapid conception method

1. theme+material positioning method

Establishing the theme and mastering the material are the key links of composition conception. "Theme+material positioning method" is to establish the theme and material of the article simultaneously on the basis of examination. In specific chapters, there is a certain correspondence between theme and material. When conceiving, we can make corresponding divergent thinking along the two poles of theme and material.

Example: Read the following text and write a composition as required.

In the corner of the factory building, several rusty iron ingots of different shapes chatted unwillingly.

I want to be a robot. Modernization needs me most.

B: I'd like to make screws. I am indispensable in many places.

C: I think robots and screws have different values!

D: They are all looking for their own places.

In life, everyone's status may be different, but each has its own value. Please write an article of not less than 800 words on the topic of "Position and Value". Customize, choose your own style, and draw up your own title. What you write must be within the scope of the topic.

Theme+material

A. Location determines value

A. Wu Zetian ascended the throne and realized its value.

B if the position changes, the value will change accordingly.

B Liu Xiang achieved the position of champion through struggle and realized the value of life.

C. location does not necessarily determine value

C. grass, detergent ... ordinary also has great value.

D. the same position has different values.

D. Cheng takes bribes and perverts the law, benefiting one party as an official.

E. pursue self-worth based on the post.

E. Xu Hu, the plumber, based on his post, realized the value of life.

F. There are high and low positions, but there is no good or bad value

F.360 lines, each line is the best.

In the synchronous development of "theme+material". Select original, novel and speculative viewpoints and materials for further in-depth thinking. For example, item F can be divided into two aspects for further development: First, high positions may be worthless, such as mediocre emperors, favored courtiers, and inaction officials. Second, an ordinary post can create a brilliant life, such as a post expert and a model worker. After expansion, it is concluded that the position does not determine the value. Then ask: what are the factors that determine personal value? -mainly the relationship between individuals and society. If individuals are integrated into the society, the realization of personal values and social progress are linked and unified, and personal values will be like water drops merging into the sea, gaining eternity and being amplified. With this idea, the writing style will have depth.

The reason why "theme+material positioning method" has become a rapid conception method lies in synchronous positioning, and the key lies in the interaction between theme and material. The theme draws the material, and the material draws the theme. Constantly thinking forms various ideas and chooses the best one. Once the best idea is formed, we should concentrate on deep excavation to make it perfect, in-depth and exquisite.

2. Material+story-driven method

The first step is to attach importance to the material or story. Think about the people related to the material or story, think about the relevant real scenes and meaningful details, which left a deep impression on us. The story must be fresh and pleasant.

The second step is to analyze the story and realize life. When the story is finished, we can analyze it. The essence of analyzing stories lies in being well-founded and meticulous. The direction of analyzing stories lies in discovering and revealing the essence of truth, goodness and beauty in social life, and guiding readers to make the same analysis of stories.

The third step is to tell stories from here to there. In the analysis, we get the essential knowledge about the truth, goodness and beauty of social life, which should lead us to think about more people and things, and these thoughts can be aggregated into another novel story. "Another story came to mind"-in this way, we began to tell the reader the second story.

The fourth step is to savor the story again and guide the theme. The analysis and comment on the second story should not only be consistent with the analysis of the first story, but also develop a step in perception and understanding to show similarities and differences. The comprehensive analysis of these two stories constitutes the theme of this article. The title at the end of the article is also the same feature of this kind of article.

This rapid conception method is mainly driven by materials and stories, and highlights the theme through the analysis of stories. The readability of such articles stems from the novelty and interest of stories or materials. Students with rich experience and profound reading accumulation can try this idea.

3. The concept of "general cause and effect"

The rapid conception of "generic causality" is applicable to both argumentative and narrative texts. Let's take "The Desire of the Mind" as an example to introduce this conception method.

"Category" is classified as "what", and we can select keywords from topics or topics and establish the keyword "what". For example, the desire of the soul is thought from the perspective of "class", that is, "what is desire". Others, such as "the choice of the mind", are converted into "what to choose". As for topic composition, this transformation is much more complicated. Such as "in" and "out", from the perspective of "class"

Thinking involves three questions: what is "entry"? What is "out"? What is the relationship between "in" and "out"? The answer to "class", that is, "what", can be a scientific definition, but it is more an operational meaning given from the knowledge and experience of candidates. As long as you don't let it sway. For example, you think that "in" means close observation, "out" means long-distance observation, and "in" and "out" are two ways to understand things. If you think that "entering" is an active participation in social life and "leaving" is an escape from social life, "entering" and "leaving" are two different attitudes towards life.

"Law" means "how to do it", that is, the method to solve the problem. Or take the desire of the mind as an example. From the perspective of law, "how to do" is transformed into "how to realize the desire of the mind". Think from the strategy of realizing spiritual desire, put forward as many ways to solve problems as possible, and then choose the best one and choose one or two aspects to start writing. For example, "how to make the school a happy place", we can put forward some methods: ① reform the selection system of college entrance examination and take the quality credit system as the selection standard; (2) Reform the curriculum and increase elective courses to meet the individual differences of students; (3) Adding activity courses to make students carry out inquiry learning with great interest; ④ Reduce the amount of training and increase the amount of reading; ⑤ Reduce the number of exams and increase the time of extracurricular activities.

(Sichuan Volume 2009) Please write an article of not less than 800 words on the topic of "Familiarity". A self-determined and self-selected style.

This is a proposition composition question. What is given is a familiar word-"familiarity". Modern Chinese Dictionary (5th Edition) interprets "familiarity" as "clear knowledge". When confronted with this monologue, candidates should expand the topic appropriately when examining the topic and turn it into a complete sentence of subject, predicate and object, so that the connotation will be rich and the written article will not be empty. Every candidate has something to say about this composition topic, but relatively speaking, it is not easy to write a colorful composition topic that allows candidates to have something to say, which requires candidates to conceive and structure.

Breakthroughs have been made in materials, words and sentences. Candidates should pay more attention to the highlights of the composition in the examination room, such as appropriate topics, fascinating beginning, words that point out the main idea, beautiful and fluent language, intriguing ending, neat papers and so on.

In writing, it is estimated that most candidates will choose to write about people or things they are familiar with, which requires efforts in the choice of people or things-if you write about parents, teachers or small things in life, you need to move people with emotion; If you write a familiar scene, familiar voice, familiar book and so on, you need to choose a unique starting point. Of course, candidates can also write "true questions", familiar feelings, familiar love and so on. As long as you can write the true feelings.