It is generally believed that the history of Russia should be traced back to the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. But in Russia, human beings have existed since ancient times.
In the 6th century, Eastern Slavs gradually migrated to Europe and other parts of Russia. In 862, the Valencia led by Ulrik conquered the Eastern Slavs and established the Ulrik dynasty. In 882, Kiev Ross was founded. /kloc-split into several independent principalities in the 0/2nd century. 1237 Mongolian troops invaded and established the Khincha khanate.
Moscow was founded in 1 147 by Yuri Dolgoruki, Archduke of Vladimir. In the square in front of the Moscow city government in the middle of Tver Street in the center of Moscow, there has always been a memorial statue of him. He wears a helmet and armor, holds a shield in his left hand and straddles a horse. 1547, Ivan IV, the Grand Duke of Moscow, was crowned czar and built the Kremlin. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually developed into the political, economic, cultural and religious center of Russia in the northeast of China, leading other vassal countries to get rid of the rule of Mongolian Tatars and making Russia an independent country.
In the history of Russia 1000 years, apart from the 240-year Tatar rule, there are only two dynasties. The first dynasty was the Liulik dynasty, which was built in the 9th century. The above-mentioned Kiev Ross period was the beginning of the Lyulik dynasty. 1598 After the death of fedor, the son of Ivan IV (Reddy), the Liulik dynasty perished, and so did the Liulik dynasty, which ruled Russia for more than 700 years.
Romanovi
1605, Godunov died suddenly, and the Russian world was in chaos and entered a "chaotic era". It was not until Minen and Bo Zalsky of Nizhny Novgorod led the militia to drive the Polish invaders out of Moscow that this turbulent period finally ended. 16 13, the nobles elected Mikhail romanov, a relative of Ivan iv, 16 as the new czar, and established the Romanov dynasty. This dynasty experienced the rule of 18 czars, and the last czar Nicholas II was overthrown in the Russian February Revolution in 19 17.
Russian Empire
During Peter the Great17th century, many European countries developed rapidly, while Russian serfdom still prevailed. In order to emulate the West, Peter I sent a mission to Western Europe in 1697, and he also visited with the delegation under a pseudonym. After returning to China, a series of reforms, known as the Peter I Reform, were implemented, which enhanced Russia's political, military, economic, scientific, technological and cultural strength. 172 1 year, Peter I declared Russia an empire. During the period of Catherine II, the territory expanded unprecedentedly, which was called "the golden age of empire".
Russian Republic
After the bourgeois revolution in February, under the control of kerensky and other social revolutionaries and constitutional Democrats, the Russian interim government was established. The government was attacked by the royalists who supported the Tsar and the * * * production party who supported Lenin and Leon Trotsky, and the government adopted a strict policy of repression against both opposition forces. During the government's rule, administrative corruption, economic collapse, and participation in the imperialist World War I made it unpopular. Finally, in 19 17 10, kerensky was overthrown by the October Revolution, and some leaders were arrested or fled, while others became leaders of anti-Soviet armed rebellion. After the Russian civil war, the Bolsheviks came to power.
Soviet period
19 17 After the October Revolution, the Soviet * * * Production Party came to power, implemented the * * * production policy, and absorbed other small countries to join, naming the country the Soviet Union. At the beginning of the establishment of the government, there was a civil war between the Red Army and the White Army, and the Red Army won. After Lenin's death, Stalin led the people in socialist construction and made great achievements. The Soviet Union became the second largest socialist country in the world and the first in Europe in 1940, and the Soviet people defeated the brutal fascist Germany from 194 1 to 1945. Successive Soviet leaders include Khrushchev, Brezhnev, andropov, Chekanenko and Gorbachev. The all-round confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States and other western capitalist countries in the 1950s and 1970s was called the "Cold War". In the 1990s, countries that joined the Soviet Union became independent one after another, and the Soviet regime disintegrated on 199 1.
Modern Russia
"Russian Federation" and "Russia" are both country names, and they practice capitalism and presidential system. Yeltsin was the first president and Putin was the second (and current) president.
Tsar: the most outstanding-Peter I
Peter I, or Peter the Great, is one of the greatest and most legendary czars in Russian history. He used to be a tall soldier and went to Western Europe to study advanced ideology, culture and technology. After returning to China, Russia embarked on the road of being rich in soldiers through a series of reforms and moved its capital to St. Petersburg.
Ivan IV was the first tsar in Russian history and one of the most famous tsars. Unlike the wisdom of Peter the Great, the land of Ivan is famous for its brutal and bloody rule. In fact, Ivan the Great was also a very successful generation of monarch, with great achievements. This is the contradiction, Ivan.
As a female czar with the same fame as Peter the Great, Catherine II is also a dazzling star in Russian history. Extraordinary iron fist, outstanding beauty, brilliant military exploits, complicated and long love history ... her life was questioned by Russians.
The most primitive-Alexander II
The only Russian czar included in the text of junior middle school world history textbooks is not Peter I, Ivan IV, nor ..... but you may not know much about him-Alexander II. However, his role in Russian history cannot be ignored. His "186 1 year reform" is a major turning point in Russian history!
The last one-Nicholas II
Nicholas II was also a famous tsar in Russian history, but he was also the last tsar. His abdication marked the end of the Russian czar era. I always thought Nicholas II was a bit like Puyi. They no longer have the glory that emperors deserve, only endless bitterness and humiliation. ......