Peony is a perennial deciduous shrub belonging to Paeonia of Paeoniaceae, and it is one of the top ten famous flowers in China. It is known as the "king of flowers" and the "national flower" of China. Because of its large flowers, bright colors and different flowers, it has the reputation of "national color and fragrance". Peony is native to Qinling Mountain and Daba Mountain in western China. There are thousands of years of wild and artificial cultivation history of 1500 years. Because of its noble character, it is loved by people all over the world and has already been introduced to all parts of the world.
The history of peony. Dozens of medical slips were found in the tombs of the early Eastern Han Dynasty unearthed in Wuwei County, Gansu Province, among which peony was used to treat blood stasis. Since people discovered the medicinal value and ornamental value of peony, peony has been gradually transplanted to China for use, and has been cultivated in large areas since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, with a history of 1500 years. In the Sui Dynasty, the number and scope of peony cultivation gradually expanded, and it was widely planted in royal gardens and gardens of dignitaries. In the Tang Dynasty, professional peony growers appeared and began the experiment of "smoking flowers". The economic value of peony has been developed, and it is very common to plant peony in temples, rich families and folk. In the Song Dynasty, the peony cultivation center was transferred from Chang 'an to Luoyang, and the cultivation technology was more systematic and perfect. Peony began to be the research object and achieved great results. A number of theoretical monographs such as Ouyang Xiu's Luoyang Peony, Zhou's Luoyang Peony, Luoyang Flowers and Trees, and Zhang Yi's Luoyang Flower Spectrum have been published. The planting scale of peony has expanded unprecedentedly, and the excellent varieties cultivated by grafting and hybridization have spread widely. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the cultivation scope of peony has been extended to Bozhou, Cao Zhou, Beijing, Sien, and Hezhou, Heilongjiang. There are many books on peony, including Bozhou Peony Table and Eight Books on Peony, which are scientifically summarized from eight aspects: peony species, planting, division, grafting, watering, cultivation, medicine and taboo. Smoked flowers were very popular in Qing dynasty, and the technology of forcing flowers reached a high level. After the founding of New China, the peony planting industry has been re-developed, the cultivation quantity has been increasing, and the cultivation techniques have been improved year by year. In addition, a large number of monographs with high academic value have been published, such as Peony by Liu Shumin, Peony Flower by Yu Heng and Peony by Wei Zepu. , and made a lot of new theoretical explorations on the basis of predecessors.
Peony is abroad. All kinds of peony abroad come from China. In 724 A.D., China Peony was brought to Japan by monks from the empty sea. 1330, China peony was introduced to France and bred; 1656, the East India Company introduced China Peony to the Netherlands; 1789, China peony entered the UK, thus spreading all over Europe. The United States only introduced China peony varieties and wild species from China on 1820 to cultivate black peony varieties. Peony is also cultivated in more than 20 countries including Italy, Australia, Singapore, Korea, Netherlands, Germany and Canada.
Peony culture. Peony first appeared in the Book of Songs, more than 3,000 years ago. Since drugs were recorded in Shennong's Herbal Classic in Qin and Han Dynasties, drugs have been scattered in various ancient books, forming a peony culture including botany, horticulture, pharmacology, geography, literature, art, folklore and other disciplines, which has become an integral part of China's national culture and folklore. Peony painting in Yang Zihua of Northern Qi Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties made peony formally enter the art field. Yang Di built Xiyuan in Luoyang and planted a lot of peonies. Since then, peony has entered the field of gardening. In the Tang Dynasty, the prosperity of poetic culture made peony shine brilliantly. For a time, such as Liu Yuxi's "Only Peony is the real national color", Li Bai's "Clouds want to dress and flowers want to bloom, and the spring breeze blows the threshold" has become a swan song, and peony has since become an important object of literature and art. Since the Song Dynasty, a large number of peony monographs have appeared, such as Lu You's Peony Spectrum, qiujun's Peony Honor and Disgrace Record, and Zhang Bangji's Chen Zhou Peony Story. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were Preface Peony, Peony Flower Spectrum, Fang Qunpu by Wang and Peony History by Xue Fengxiang. There are also folk peony legends and stories, as well as peony culture in sculpture, sculpture, painting, music, drama, clothing, daily life, diet and so on. Peony, known as the flower of wealth in China, is the city flower of Luoyang, Heze, Tongling, Ningguo and Mudanjiang.
Appreciate two poems about peony
Appreciate peony
Yuxi Liu Tang
The peony in front of the courtyard is enchanting and gorgeous but lacking in bones, and the lotus in the pool is elegant, clean and boring.
Only the peony is the real beauty, which attracted countless people to appreciate at the flowering stage and alarmed the whole Chang 'an City.
Three Peony Poems in Qingping Tune
Tang Libai
Beautiful people who see the bright clouds, think of their clothes and see flowers come to see them.
If Yushan didn't see her, it would be Yaochi meeting under the moon.
A red dew is fragrant, and the rain is heartbroken.
Excuse me, who looks like Han Palace? The poor swallow relies on new cosmetics.
Famous flowers fall in love and laugh like kings.
Explain that the spring breeze is infinitely hateful, and the agarwood pavilion leans against the threshold in the north.
The legend of peony
A long time ago, at the foot of Mangshan Mountain in Luoyang, a hardworking and kind couple gave birth to a child named Ying Ge at the age of forty.
Brother Ying's father died young and his mother was seriously ill. He looked for medicine to save his mother. Under the guidance of the Antarctic fairy, he stole the elixir of the Queen Mother. Being chased, he scattered the elixir into the soil, turned it into a fairy flower, took its root bark and decocted it, which cured his mother's illness.
Later generations turned this elixir of life from the Queen Mother into a flower called "Peony". Peony, with the aura of elixir, is a precious flower with beautiful and fragrant flowers, which is called "Tianxiang, National Fragrance" all over the world.
Later, it was found that this flower was divided into two types: female and male. The woman's name is "Ju" and the man's name is "Mu".
Female, slowly evolved into peony.
Gong, people changed his name to "Peony"
Only the peony is the real national color, which should be unique to China and abroad, but all of them have settled in China.
Peony is a unique woody flower in China, which has been cultivated artificially for thousands of years. The largest planting areas are Luoyang, Henan and Heze, Shandong. There are also four geographical divisions: Northwest population, Southwest population, Central Plains population and Jiangnan population. Among them, the Central Plains population has bred many excellent varieties on the basis of retaining the original traditional varieties, and introduced hybrid varieties from Japan, Europe and the United States, which is a must. You can refer to Luoyang Peony Catalogue and Heze Boutique Peony Atlas. Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia primary population is dominant in the northwest, Pengzhou Peony in Sichuan is the most abundant in the southwest, and Feng Dan in Tongling, Anhui Province is better in the south of the Yangtze River, and its root bark is used as gynecological medicine. It is an authentic famous medicinal material. Recently, the national flower was selected online, and peony ranked first in the national flower selection, which is well deserved!
China native flowers.
China is the birthplace of peony in the world, and it is also the peony kingdom in the world. She is an inherent specialty flower in China, with thousands of years of natural growth and more than two thousand years of artificial cultivation history.
The origin of peony culture, if peony entered poetry from the Book of Songs, is about 3000 years ago. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was recorded in Shennong Herbal Classic that peony was a medicinal plant, and peony had entered pharmacology.
According to Shennong's Materia Medica, "Peony tastes pungent and cool, and a deer and leek are born in the valley, and a mouse aunt".
Peony is a unique woody precious flower in China, with thousands of years of natural growth and 1500 years of artificial cultivation history. It is widely cultivated in China and has been introduced all over the world.
Modern flowers actually include two parts, one is germplasm resources, and the other is biotechnology. The original variety of Paeonia suffruticosa originated in China, and its germplasm resources undoubtedly belong to China. But after it was introduced to Japan, the Japanese cultivated better horticultural varieties through biotechnology.
In fact, there are not only peonies, but also many flowers. For example, everyone knows that flowers in the Netherlands are the most developed, but the land in the Netherlands is very small and there are not many germplasm resources at all. Tulip, the symbol of the Netherlands, and all kinds of flowers such as hyacinthus orientalis, lily and gerbera she produces are actually not from the Netherlands. However, people have strong biotechnology, so ordinary flowers of origin have been cultivated into their own famous flowers in the Netherlands.
China is the birthplace of peony in the world, and it is also the peony kingdom in the world. She is an inherent specialty flower in China, with thousands of years of natural growth and more than two thousand years of artificial cultivation history. The origin of peony culture, if peony entered poetry from the Book of Songs, is about 3000 years ago. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was recorded in Shennong Herbal Classic that peony was a medicinal plant, and peony had entered pharmacology.
According to Shennong's Materia Medica, "Peony tastes pungent and cool, and a deer and leek are born in the valley, and a mouse aunt".