one
There are four main sources of Dai surname:
1. Take posthumous title as the surname.
The descendants of Shang Tang took their ancestor posthumous title as their surname and became the later Dai family. According to "Yuan He Shi Bian", "After Dai Gong in Song Dynasty, Shi Wei Shi."
At the beginning of the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, after the Duke of Zhou pacified the East, a large number of princes were enfeoffed, among which Wei (son's surname) was sealed in Shangqiu (now Henan) to establish the Song State. Wei is an ordinary brother. He persuaded him many times, but refused to adopt him. In order to avoid being killed like Beagan, he simply ran away. After Zhou Wuwang destroyed the merchants, Wei surrendered to the Zhou Dynasty, and was named Duke of Song, so as to maintain the worship of the merchants.
After Wei's death, his younger brother Yan succeeded to the throne, that is. After Zhong Wei's death, his son Song succeeded to the throne. The grandson of Gong Hui, the Duke of Song Dynasty, has been the 1 1 monarch of Song State for generations, and was called Dai Gong in history. The author of The Biography of Dai Gong is the son of Song Wugong (reigned from 765 to 748). His son was named doctor, and his son took his grandfather's posthumous title "Dai" as his surname. For example, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Dr. Dai Song was evil. This is the origin of Dai surname today, and the Duke of Song Dynasty is considered as the ancestor of Dai surname.
Because the Shang royal family was a son's surname, Deng in Song Dynasty said in Dialectics of Surnames in Ancient and Modern Times that Dai's surname came from his son's surname, and after Dai Gong in Song Dynasty, Shi was adopted as his surname. The Genealogy of Prime Ministers in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty also said: Dai's family came from the son's surname, the grandson of the Song Dynasty, and took his grandfather as his surname. Song Dynasty was destroyed by Qi in 286 BC.
2. Take the country name as the surname
According to Shiben Shi, Dai was an ancient Dai, following Ji's surname. Among the vassal states that were enfeoffed in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a country named Dai who lived in the area of civil rights, that is, Lankao in Henan today.
At that time, it was often bullied by Zheng and Song because it was worn between Zheng and Song. He lived in seclusion for ten years and was finally destroyed by Zheng. After the national subjugation, Dai Guogong took the original country name as his surname, called Dai's. In this way, another Dai resident was formed. On this matter, writers in the Song Dynasty also recorded in "A Brief History of Clans": "The Dai family, which was hidden for ten years in Daicheng, Kaifeng, fengqiu county, was cut down by Zheng people. Or the cloud, the old Kaocheng County was destroyed by the Song people and renamed the old city, and the descendants took the country as their surname. "
Change your last name
According to "Rat Spectrum", the surname Yin was changed to Dai. After the destruction of Shang, many adherents of the Yin (Shang) clan took the country as their surname, which was called Yin.
According to the newly revised Neihuang County Records, there is a tomb of Dai and Ma in Xiaohuailin Village, Er 'an Township, Neihuang County, Henan Province. Inscription records that ancestors Dai Zicheng and Ma Zicai were originally from Hongdong, Shanxi. During the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, in order to get together, one person changed his surname and the two brothers moved here together. After their death, they built two tombs side by side, called "Shuangzu". Dai and Ma surnames in Liu Dai Village, Qian 'an Village in Neihuang County and Wuwa Village in tangyin county all came from here.
4. Change one's surname from a minority nationality
Qing Tongzhi Genealogy records: Dai family, Manchu, originally living in Hangjia, Yehe, Zakumu and other places, later changed to Dai and Dai; Darchong lived in Heilongjiang, Jilin and other places, and later changed to wear; The Tudongke of Ewenki changed their surnames to Tu and Dai. In addition, Yao, Hui, Mongolian, Tujia, Xibe and other ethnic groups also have Dai surnames.
two
The migration of Dai population can be roughly divided into three stages: pre-Qin to Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
1. Pre-Qin to Southern and Northern Dynasties
In the pre-Qin period, the Dai population mainly lived and multiplied in its birthplace, that is, today's eastern Henan. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Dr. Song was a celebrity when he wore evil spirits.
In the Western Han Dynasty, there were Uncle Dade and Uncle Dai Sheng in Liang State (now south of Shangqiu, Henan Province), both of whom were masters of etiquette. During the Western Han Dynasty, Dai's two branches moved to southern Henan: one moved to Shenyang in southern Henan (governing Beijiangkou in Zhengyang County, Henan Province) and the other moved to Pingyu in southern Henan (north of Pingyu County, Henan Province). For example, Dai Zun (son), the imperial adviser of Emperor Ping of the Western Han Dynasty, who was called "Kanto Dahao", was from Shenyang, Runan. According to "Biography of Yimin in the Later Han Dynasty", his family is rich, charitable and chivalrous, and there are often as many as three or four hundred diners at home. At that time, people called him "Zigao Dai, the Great Kanto Man". His son Dai Liang is famous for his filial piety, high talent and integrity. It can be seen that Dai Zun, a family that has settled in Shenyang for more than one generation, belongs to a famous family of big families, big enterprises and big forces in the local area. Dai Ping was a famous scholar and official at the end of the Western Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty. This proves that Dai Ping moved to Pingyu at the latest in the late Western Han Dynasty.
Dai people migrated to southern Henan, and also to Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei and other places today. For example, Dai Chong, the Ninth Qing of the Western Han Dynasty, was a native of Pei County (now Pei County, Jiangsu Province) and studied Zhouyi from yu zhang. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dai Hong, the magistrate of Liquan, and Dai Feng, the "Confucian Sect in the world, were both from Gangxian County, Jibei County (now the northeast of Ningyang County, Shandong Province).
From the Three Kingdoms to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Dai moved to Anhui and Hubei. For example, Dai Gan, Cao Cao's counselor at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was from Danyang, a town in northeast dangtu county. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Dai became a noble family in Qiaoguo (now Bozhou, Anhui Province), Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province) and Qingsha (now east of Linqing, Shandong Province), forming three reproduction centers. Therefore, Dai is an overseas Chinese country, Guangling and Qinghe.
Dai's southward migration began in the Western Han Dynasty at the latest. For example, Dai He of the Western Han Dynasty was from Yue State (now Zhejiang Province); Dai Jiu, a doctor of Guanglu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was from Shangyu, Huiji County (now Guanbai Town, Shangyu County, Zhejiang Province). Around the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a branch of Guangling Dai people moved to the south of the Yangtze River. According to the Book of Jin, Dai Lie was a left general in the Three Kingdoms period, his son Dai Chang was Tai Wei, Jin Hui Taishou and Wuling Taishou, and Dai Chang's son was a confidant general of King Langya (later Jin Yuan Emperor) and went south to build health (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Because of the constant wars in the Central Plains in the late Western Jin Dynasty, the Eight Kings Rebellion lasted for 16 years. Coupled with the fact that northern ethnic minorities have moved south, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are in turmoil. A large number of people were forced to move south and flow to the relatively stable Jiangnan area. Many of them moved south with their families or families, and Dai followed them to Jiangnan at this time.
2. Sui and Tang Dynasties
During this period, the Dai population entered Fujian and flowed to all parts of the country outside Taiwan Province Province. According to the Records of Zhangzhou Prefecture, in the early Tang Dynasty, a branch of the Dai people in the Central Plains moved to Fujian. In the second year of General Zhang Tang Gaozong (669), Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang from Gushi County (now Henan Province) of Gwangju were ordered to lead 123 generals and 3,600 government soldiers into Fujian to quell the "barbarian" riots between Quanzhou and Chaozhou. A large part of these soldiers are from the Central Plains. According to the statistics of local chronicles, local chronicles and genealogy in Taiwan Province Province, there are 45 surnames of Sui and Min in the early Tang Dynasty, including Dai. At that time, Dai Junyou and Dai Ren, his sons-in-law, were the main assistants of the Dai family who entered Fujian with Chen and his son. They are all from Gushi, Gwangju, and settled in Fujian after opening Zhangzhou. Scholars who study surnames generally believe that Dai Junyi and his son entered Fujian from Gushi, Henan, which is the beginning of Dai's entry into Fujian.
In addition, Dai Xiuyan was born in the Tang Dynasty (now Baichengzi in the northeast of Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province), Dai Jian was born in Changsha (now Hunan) and Dai Hu was born in Wuyuan (now Jiangxi). The Dai settlements listed in Yuan He Xing Bian include Hebei North (now southwest of Changqing County, Shandong Province), Qiaoguo (now Bozhou, Anhui Province), Xing Wu Great Wall (now Changxing, Zhejiang Province), Weiqun Qiuqiu (now Cheng 'an, Hebei Province) and Hedong Sangquan (now Linjin, Shanxi Province). At that time, the Dai population was widely distributed, which can be seen.
3. Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties
During this period, the Dai population migrated from Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian to Taiwan Province Province and overseas.
Since the Song Dynasty, a large number of Dai people have migrated from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces to Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan Province provinces, and some of them have further migrated overseas.
According to the genealogy of the Dai people in Jiaoling, Guangdong, the ancestor of the Dai people in Jiaoling is Dai Yulin, and his ancestral home is Zhangpu, Fujian. In the Yuan Dynasty, it moved to Zhenping (now Jiaoling) in Zhaofu Township, and its descendants flourished and spread to 12 (about Qing Dynasty). Ren Zhong and Ren Gong moved to Pingtung, Taiwan Province. In the Qing Dynasty, the Dai family in Fujian moved to Taiwan Province one after another. During the Yongzheng period, the Dai family in Fujian moved to Mengjingli, Dajia Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Province, which was the beginning of the Dai family's large-scale entry into Chinese mainland. Since then, after nine years of Qianlong (1744), another Fujian Dai family has entered Miaoli Town. In the 26th year of Daoguang (1846), Dai Nanren, a native of Quanzhou, went to Hsinchu Xinfuli to reclaim land.
Today, the Dai people rank 52nd in Taiwan Province Province, with relatively concentrated areas in Hsinchu, Chiayi and Tainan, and a large number of Dai people in Taipei and Nantou.
During the Qing Dynasty, many Dai people emigrated overseas, and now Dai people have settled in Britain, Argentina, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and many other countries.
three
In the process of migration and reproduction, Dai formed seven counties, namely, northern Hebei, Qiaoguo (county),, Hedong, Qinghe and Guangling.
Qiaoguo was located in the first year of Huang Chu in Cao Wei (220), in Qiaoxian County (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province), which is equivalent to the place between Lingbi, Mengcheng and Taihe in Anhui Province and Lu Yi, Yongcheng and other counties and cities in Henan Province. It was changed to Qiao County in the Western Jin Dynasty. Dai family in Qiaoxian County is the first of the eight surnames in Qiaoxian County after Jin Dynasty. Today, Dai's surname is usually called "Qiaoguo (county)".
Guangling County was reorganized from Guangling State in the 18th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (42 years), located in Guangling (now northwest of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province). Its jurisdiction is equivalent to the area east of Hongze Lake and Liuhe at the junction of Jiangsu and Anhui, south of Siyang, Baoying and Guannan, west of Chuanchang River and north of Yangtze River. Dai Miao was born in Guangling, Jin Dynasty. Dai is the first of the three surnames in Guangling County, Yangzhou.
Qinghe County was transferred to Qinghe Prefecture by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to govern Qingyang (now southeast of Qinghe in Hebei Province). After Yuan Di, its jurisdiction was equivalent to Qinghe, Zaoqiang and Nangong, as well as Linqing, Xiajin, Wucheng, Gaotang and Pingyuan in Shandong. Dai She was born in Qinghe, Eastern Han Dynasty.
Wei Jun settled in the 12th year of Emperor Gaozu (BC 195) and ruled in Yexian (now Ye Zhen, southwest of Linzhang, Hebei). The descendants of Dade lived in Qiuqiu County, Wei County (now southeast of Cheng 'an, Hebei Province).
Hedong County was founded in the Qin Dynasty and located in Anyi County (now Yuwangcheng, northwest of Xia County, Shanxi Province). Dai She lives in Sangquan County, Hedong County (now Linyi).
Xing Wu County was founded in the first year of Wu Baoding in the Three Kingdoms (266) and is located in Wucheng County (now south of Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province). Dai Yang was a famous alchemist in Jin Dynasty.
The names of Dai ancestral hall are Ertang, Annotation Hall, Juetang, Avoidance Hall, Bridge Country, Guangling and Qinghe. The "Second Hall" and "Annotation Hall" refer to Dade and Dai Sheng, the etiquette masters of the Western Han Dynasty. The allusions of "one step hall" and "avoiding expensive hall" originated from Dai Liang, a famous person in the later Han Dynasty. Dai Liang, a talented and maverick, once said, "If I grew up in Zhong Ni East Road and Dayu grew up in Xiqiang, who will be my spouse!" Local officials recommended him as Lian Xiao, but he resolutely refused to accept it. Later, the court recruited him to work in Sikongfu, but he still refused to accept his resignation. The state and county officials forced him to be an official, and he ran to the mountains to hide.
There are many Dai couplets all over the country. Here are a few examples:
Be kind, pass on the scriptures, and learn from them.
Part I refers to the uncles of Dade and Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty. The second couplet refers to Dai Gui, a native of Yinxian County in Ming Dynasty. Dai Gui devoted himself to the research and practice of Yi. He often said to people: "When learning to be alone, you should be cautious, cultivate your self sincerely, don't complain about others, don't be rude to others, and over time, you will be integrated with nature." He is the author of the Book of Changes and four books.
Relax in love and save the mountain.
The first couplet refers to people wearing it in Song County in Southern Dynasties. He once lived in seclusion in Tonglu with his brother Dai Bo, both of whom were good at painting and playing drums. Later, Dai went to Wuxia, where local scholars had long heard of his name, so they raised money to build houses for him, and quarried stones, diverted water, planted trees and opened streams for him, where he concentrated on writing. During the years of Yongchu and Yuanjia, the court called him up many times, but he should not. He is the author of "Free and unfettered theory" and also notes the article "The Doctrine of the Mean"; The bottom line refers to Dai's father in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He is good at painting landscapes, figures, animals and religious paintings, carving and casting Buddha statues, and he is also good at playing drums. King Taizai once sent someone to ask him to play the piano. He smashed it in front of the messenger and said, "Diane Road won't be a performer at Chaomen, will she?"! "