Guangzhou is rich in light and heat resources, with annual average sunshine hours 1, 875. 1 ~ 1, 959.9 hours, annual total solar radiation 105.3 kcal/cm2 ~ 109.8 kcal/cm2, and annual average temperature of 2008. The frost-free period is 290 days in the north and 346 days in the south.
Guangzhou has abundant rainfall, with annual precipitation 1, 689.3mm ~ 1, 876.5 mm, and the rainy season (April-September) accounts for about 85% of the whole year. Due to the influence of topography, there are more mountains than plains, and more in the north than in the south. At the same time, the rainy season coincides with strong light and high heat, forming a fairly high climatic biological potential (light and warm water potential), reaching 77865 kg/ha to 97950 kg/ha.
The alternation of winter and summer monsoon is a remarkable feature of Guangzhou monsoon climate. As the polar continental air mass extends southward, the north wind in winter is dry and cold. Due to the northward expansion of tropical ocean air mass, the southerly wind in summer is warm and humid. Summer monsoon usually turns into winter monsoon in September, and winter monsoon turns into summer monsoon in April.
Guangzhou has been an important town in the south of China since ancient times. After Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan, Chinese and Vietnamese cultures and customs quickly merged, and Guangzhou became the cultural center of Lingnan. There were many rivers and tributaries in ancient Guangzhou, with abundant rainfall and pleasant climate. The west, east and north are surrounded by mountains, with lush forests and grass, rich fruits in Lingnan and numerous birds and animals. South of the sea, the beach is vast, producing many salty and fresh water products and amphibians, which makes ancient Guangzhou one of the regions with the richest food resources in China. The formation of Cantonese cuisine has a long history, and a large number of immigrants from the Central Plains moved to Lingnan, which made Guangzhou's food culture deeply influenced by the Central Plains. As early as the Han and Wei Dynasties, the snake dishes, roasted goose and fish soup in Guangzhou had been affected. At the end of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Song fled south with his kitchen, and many court delicacies spread to the people in Guangzhou. After the Opium War, missionaries and businessmen from Europe and America flooded in, and thousands of businessmen gathered in Guangzhou, which provided a broad market for the development of catering industry. Guangdong cuisine absorbs the advantages of Central Plains cuisine and Western cuisine, and then absorbs the advantages of Guangdong local cuisine. Just like Guangzhou's culture, it blends ancient and modern, and Chinese and western cultures run through, forming a unique Guangzhou food culture different from other places in China, winning the reputation of "Eating in Guangzhou" and enjoying a good reputation at home and abroad. Numerous tourists come here to taste delicious food and feel this unique Lingnan food culture.
The most obvious feeling in Guangzhou is that there are many restaurants and restaurants. As long as you want to eat, you can eat a variety of food anytime and anywhere. Tea market is the most attractive feature of Guangzhou's diet. In the past, there was only "morning tea" in Guangzhou, but now it has developed into three tea markets: morning, noon and evening. Almost all restaurants and restaurants have set up tea markets. As soon as the guests were seated, the waiter immediately called, "How many people? What kind of tea to drink? " The tea market provides all kinds of salty, sweet and dry snacks such as buffet to meet your needs, and the price is very affordable, which can be consumed by the general public. Guangzhou Tea Market has become an important social occasion for friends to get together and exchange ideas, an important way for family reunion and sharing affection, an effective buffer for modern tense and fast-paced life and work, and an important way for some people, especially the elderly, to relax. One morning paper, two cups, sitting for hours, eating, watching TV, chatting, caring about family affairs, state affairs and what's going on in the world. There are many kinds of exotic ingredients in Cantonese cuisine, such as snakes as dragons, chickens as phoenixes, cats as tigers, rats as deer, flying in the sky, crawling on the ground and swimming in the water. Cantonese cuisine is fresh and smooth, light in summer and autumn, and rich in winter and spring. It uses unique spices, cooking, roasting, soaking, frying, boiling, simmering and other techniques to cook dishes with unique local flavor. The "raw seafood" of Cantonese cuisine has its own characteristics. Many restaurants and restaurants have not properly decorated their halls. First, the seafood pool at the entrance should be designed to display dozens of raw seafood to attract customers. Cooking and drinking herbal tea in Cantonese cuisine is a pioneering work for Guangzhou people to adapt to the geographical and climatic environment and adapt to local conditions. "What's cooking today?" It is a necessary topic for housewives to meet and chat, and there is a lot of knowledge in it. Guangdong restaurants have all kinds of dishes. Every once in a while, restaurants will create new dishes with new raw materials and different combinations, so as to enhance their competitiveness, and a new food trend will often be set off in the market, which is the strong vitality of "eating in Guangzhou".
Analyzing the natural landscape and human environment of "Eating in Guangzhou" has rich cultural connotations. First of all, it is open. Guangzhou is located along the coast with convenient transportation, and has been an important port for economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries since ancient times. The open environment endows Guangzhou people with an open way of thinking, which is reflected in the open mentality of "eating to the full" in diet. Hotel restaurants with North-South flavor can be found all over the streets of Guangzhou, and almost all the major cuisines in China and the flavors from all over the world can be found. The second is compatibility. An open culture must be compatible at the same time. Lingnan culture has the characteristics of eclecticism and inclusiveness, which is also fully reflected in Guangzhou's diet. The third is pioneering. Guangzhou people dare to eat anything, and are good at exploring traditional local flavor foods and eating methods, constantly transplanting and transforming, and bringing forth the new. There is such an ancestral motto among Guangdong chefs: "There is tradition, but there is no authenticity." It embodies the courage and pioneering spirit of Guangzhou people who dare to be the first in the world. In addition, Guangzhou people don't waste food, but they also "pack" it back after eating it, which embodies the virtues of Guangdong people who cherish food and are diligent and thrifty. Guangzhou cuisine has raised eating and cooking to the artistic level, and has become an important part of Lingnan culture, which has greatly enriched the connotation and characteristics of Lingnan culture and had a far-reaching impact on the food culture in China and the Asia-Pacific region.
"Eating in Guangzhou"
This sentence has become a famous saying. Guangzhou is really famous for its delicious food.
Guangzhou is a concentrated place of Cantonese cuisine. Its Cantonese cuisine has a wide range of materials, unique materials, clear, fresh, cool, smooth, tender, crisp, vivid and diverse, which can synthesize the strengths of other cuisines; At the same time, Guangzhou, as an important metropolis in South China, gathers Sichuan cuisine, Shandong cuisine, Huaiyang cuisine, Western food lounge, Japanese cuisine and Korean cuisine. Guangzhou has a tendency to gather all the delicious food in one city.
Time-honored snack bars, with a history of a hundred years, can't tell the changes of Guangzhou's diet, such as Guangzhou Restaurant, Nanyuan Restaurant, Banxi Restaurant and Lianxianglou. All women and children know their reputation. Emerging restaurants and famous shops also come to prosper the catering market; Guangzhou snacks also occupy an important position-there are famous beef offal shops and juice shops on Beijing Road, and tea restaurants serving snacks such as porridge, noodles and milk tea. The snacks with old Guangzhou flavor are concentrated in Shangxiajiu Road, Xiguan Food Street and Zhongsanqi Road.
tea
People in Guangzhou love to drink tea, especially morning tea. When we meet in the morning, we often greet each other with "Have you had tea" (meaning "Have you had tea"), which shows our preference for tea. Drinking tea is a life custom of Guangzhou people. There is a folk proverb that "a pot of tea in the morning does not need a doctor". When people in Guangzhou say drinking tea, they actually mean drinking tea in a teahouse (formerly called teahouse). Not only drink morning tea, but also eat snacks (as breakfast); Drink not only morning tea, but also afternoon tea and evening tea; Not only can you fill your stomach, but you can also spread news, talk about your family and negotiate business.
Drinking tea in Guangzhou is actually a way of social communication, which is also an important reason why the teahouse industry in Guangzhou has been enduring for a hundred years. Among the time-honored restaurants in Guangzhou, quite a few were teahouses and teahouses of that year.
Drink herbal tea
Guangzhou has a subtropical monsoon maritime climate. At the same time, Guangzhou people love to eat, sometimes eating too much fried things will inevitably get angry, so drinking herbal tea has become a perennial habit of Guangzhou people.
The so-called herbal tea refers to the Chinese herbal medicine which is cold in nature and can eliminate internal heat. After boiling, it is used as a drink to eliminate the sore throat caused by summer heat or winter dryness in the human body. Guangzhou has a long history of herbal tea, and there are many kinds of herbal tea, including Wang Laoji herbal tea, Sanhutang herbal tea, Huang Zhenlong herbal tea, Dashenggong herbal tea, Shi Qi herbal tea, 24-flavor herbal tea, cucurbit tea, healthy herbal tea, honeysuckle flower tea, bitter gourd herbal tea and even turtle paste soup, sashimi and cabbage soup, carrots and bamboo cane water. It has become a traditional old-fashioned herbal tea that Guangzhou people love.
Wang Lao Ji's most famous herbal tea has always been admired by Guangzhou people. After 1980s, various kinds of herbal tea granules and soft-packed herbal tea came into being. Shennong herbal tea and Xiasangju tea have become fashionable drinks for many families in summer.
midnight snack
Midnight snack is a life custom of Guangzhou people, usually after 10 in the evening, hence the name "midnight snack" or "midnight snack". The way of midnight snack varies from person to person: some people cook by themselves at night; Some people eat alone or invite friends in street food stalls or night markets in teahouse restaurants, so many "night market food streets" and "night market" teahouses of various teahouse hotels have gradually formed in the city. The night market in the teahouse often has a music teahouse to attract diners.
Eat dessert water
People in Guangzhou like to drink sugar water all year round. It is considered that syrup made of some medicinal materials, beans, fruits and flour products with sugar has the effects of clearing away heat and relieving summer heat, promoting fluid production and benefiting the body.
There are many varieties of sugar water: beans include red bean paste, mung bean paste and plum bean paste; There are sesame paste, almond paste, peanut paste and phoenix milk paste; Medicinal materials include lily syrup, lotus seed syrup and Qingbuliang syrup; There are also stewed eggs, stewed papaya, sweet potato syrup, Ma Rong soup pills, egg milk, ginger milk, candied sago, soybean milk, tofu flower and so on.
After the sugar water is boiled, it is a hot drink; What you drink after freezing is a cold drink, which is often connected with the ice room (a cold drink shop that supplies ice cream, soda, beer, etc.). And the most famous one in Guangzhou is the Taiping Pavilion Ice Room on Beijing Road.
Laohuotang
People in Guangzhou have a long history of drinking old fire soup, which is closely related to the hot and humid climate in Guangzhou, and the types of soup in Guangzhou will change with the seasons. Over the years, making soup has become an indispensable part of Guangzhou people's life, and together with Guangzhou herbal tea, it has become a symbol of Guangzhou food culture. As the saying goes, "it's better not to drink soup than to eat vegetables." Some people even made up a sentence, "Eat meat if you can't eat it, and drink soup if you can." Serving soup first and then serving it has almost become an established pattern of banquets in Guangzhou. In this hot summer, it is really a pleasure for everyone to drink a bowl of old fire soup after busy work every day.
Fried snail
When we arrive in Guangzhou, there will always be many beach stalls and stoves in Long Beach. Now snails are fried and sold. The smell is very attractive. Therefore, many people in Guangzhou like to meet three or five friends after dinner, or take a walk on the long beach with their favorite people, while enjoying the scenery on both sides of the Pearl River and chatting. Tired of walking, I sat down at a snail stall, fried two or three plates of snails, opened two or three bottles of beer, blew the river breeze, sipped wine lightly and had a heart-to-heart talk. This is one of the great pleasures of life.
Fish the snail in the oil before cooking, and then fry the basil leaves, which will set off the delicious snail. As a result, stir-fried snails with flavor have gradually become a special food that Guangzhou people like.
Clay pot rice
Clay pot rice is produced in Guangdong. In the past, in the streets and alleys of Guangzhou, there were shops selling clay pot rice everywhere, and the fragrance would float in the alleys. Nowadays, there are fewer and fewer clay pot rice in street stalls. Restaurants not only inherit this tradition, but also come up with many creative new combinations.
I believe many people have eaten clay pot rice, which can be said to be one of the most distinctive dishes in Guangzhou. Clay pot rice is simple and convenient, with authentic materials and cooking methods. Although it is not heavy, it can be eaten with meat, and rice is also delicious, which can really increase people's appetite. The most special thing is that the rice in clay pot rice is crispy and fragrant, and it tastes good. So the folks in Guangdong like to eat clay pot rice. They like the unique rice flavor brought by clay pot rice.
Baiyun pork knuckle
Baiyun Zhu Shou is one of the famous historical dishes in Guangzhou. Almost every restaurant in Guangzhou has this dish. Its preparation method is that pig's hand (front foot) is washed and chopped, cooked first, then rinsed in flowing spring water for one day, picked up and cooked with white vinegar, sugar and salt, cooled and soaked for several hours before eating. When eating, the skin feels crisp; The meat is fat but not greasy, sweet and sour, refreshing and delicious, and quite distinctive. Because the spring water comes from Baiyun Mountain, it is named Baiyun Pig Hand.
Shahefen
Shahefen is native to Shahe, hence its name. Shahe is located at the eastern foot of Baiyun Mountain, where there is Jiulong Spring. This spring is the water used by Shahe Hotel in this town to make Shahe powder. Coupled with the unique milling technology, Shahe powder is crystal white, cool and tough, soft and smooth, and full of characteristics.
The production method of Shahe powder is: select rice stored for about half a year, soak it in Baiyun Mountain spring water for 1 ~ 2 hours, and grind it into slurry. Pour it into a bamboo basket and let it flow smoothly and evenly, then steam it on a pot rack for about 2 minutes. Take out the steamed vermicelli, lightly apply a layer of peanut oil on the cooked vermicelli, take out the cooked vermicelli and stack it on the big hole bamboo basket. After the vermicelli is cooled, each piece is folded in half for three times and cut into vermicelli with a thin knife about 1 cm wide. The prepared vermicelli can be fried, soaked and mixed with different flavors and is very delicious. In recent years, Shahefen has been mixed with the juice of various vegetables (carrots, spinach, etc.). ) made into various colors and varieties of shahe powder. The taste is sweet, sour, bitter, spicy and salty, more colorful and pleasing to the eye, and has health care function.
Guangzhou time-honored snacks
Tian Chen Ji shun de Shuang Yu pi
Chen Tianji's boss, Chen Tian, is from Chencun, Shunde, and is a family of restaurants. Fish skin is a snack in Shunde. The method of making fish skin here still adheres to the ancestral method: it is said that only a thin piece of fish back fruit is used, and other parts are not used. Cook it in cold river, and then blend it with leek, soy sauce, peanuts, sesame seeds and homemade soy sauce. It tastes fresh and delicious, and has no fishy smell. It's very playful. Generally, shad and mutton fish are used, shad tastes good and mutton fish tastes crisp. Fish skin is rich in collagen, which is good for skin, so it is highly sought after. Even the famous gourmet Cai Lan came here.
Wu hexian porridge, Zhou porridge
Wu's "raw roll" meat porridge is the first porridge. It has become a famous porridge that Guangzhou people like. It is well-made and delicious. The bottom of the porridge is carefully cooked with raw materials such as yaozhu, yuba and pig bones, and the taste is particularly delicious. Its meatballs are mixed with 70% lean meat and 30% fat meat, so the meatballs are particularly fresh, and pork liver and pork belly are also fresh and more delicious.
The raw materials of the first porridge are pork balls, beef tendon and pork vermicelli sausage, which respectively refer to the champion and the second place, Hua Tan. Wu's porridge experts have their own unique porridge cooking and porridge cooking methods: first, cook clear soup with pig bones, add scallops, and then cook porridge with open fire. The porridge cooked is naturally different. The choice of ingredients is also very particular, such as meatballs with 70% lean meat and 30% fat meat. Wu He's first porridge is mixed with water. It is moderately thick, mellow and delicious.
Nanxin milk dessert shop double skin milk and ginger milk.
Double skin milk is a famous dessert in Guangdong. In Guangdong, it is difficult to find out which double-skin milk is authentic now. However, the most famous of Shunde Daliang is double skin milk, and the founder of Nanxin double skin milk is Shunde people. Because Shunde Daliang is famous for its milk, the water-milk double skin milk made by Shunde Daliang people is quite unique.
Kaiji dessert vanilla tangerine peel green bean paste, red bean paste
Guangzhou people like to eat sugar water, which is famous all over the country, and the patterns of sugar water are endless. But the most classic and popular sugar water in Guangzhou is mung bean paste. I believe no one will object. Whether it is a humble street candy store or a magnificent star-rated hotel, mung bean paste must be a reserved item of sugar water. The key to the longevity of Guangdong's mung bean paste is its intensive efficacy, which can prevent dryness and heat in autumn and relieve heat in summer. Because mung beans are cold, eating them can clear away heat and detoxify, cure heat and relieve cough. If tangerine peel is added to the decoction, it also has the effect of resolving phlegm and relieving cough. Adding kelp can clear away heat and reduce fire.
Speaking of the heart of famous food in Guangzhou, it is natural to try Kaiji dessert shop. Kaiji dessert shop is located in Jinlong Road, and there is a couplet at the door of the shop, "The beans are peeled green and the sand is red." As you can know from the couplets, the signature sugar water of this store is mung bean paste and red bean paste. The storefront is also very traditional. According to legend, the owner Ye Jiankai, also known as "bean paste opening". Ye Jiankai has been managing this kind of food with his grandfather since he was a child, and he has learned his grandfather's rich experience. He is meticulous in kung fu and strictly controls three levels: selecting mung bean sauce, turning off the fire and seasoning, so his mung bean sauce is particularly popular with customers.
Yin Ji rice rolls has steamed rice rolls, mandarin duck sausage and beef sausage.
People in Guangzhou know that they have loose bowels. When it comes to the best place to eat loose bowels, most people would recommend Yin Ji rice rolls.
Let's start with La rice rolls. People in Guangzhou are usually referred to as diarrhea for short, which can be said to be breakfast to accompany them to grow up. Guangzhou people can use "infatuation" to describe diarrhea. Some people even think that a morning tea without diarrhea is a drama without a heroine. Sausage is a special snack in Guangzhou, which emerged in the late 1920s. At first, it was run by shoulder vendors. In the early 1930s, there were only small shops selling rice rolls. In the forties and fifties of last century, famous restaurants and teahouses with old Guangzhou brands such as Aiqun Mansion, Taotaoju and Dasanyuan also took rice rolls as their selling point. Since then, rice rolls has become a traditional food for Guangzhou people.
Taiping Sha Cai Ji beef brisket powder, pig rice rolls
Compared with the beef brisket powder in other places, the beef brisket powder in Taipingsha is cut into large pieces and has a lot of weight. As soon as I entered, I felt that the breast meat was tender and delicious, and it tasted very good. Beef brisket presents a just right salty flavor. According to the master, the reason why these briskets have such a taste is because they are added with several traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, which is a unique "secret recipe" of Taiping Sha Cai Ji, and can only be tasted here. Moreover, the rice noodles here are thinner and whiter than those in other places, and the rice is full of flavor.
Horseshoe cake, shrimp dumplings, e-pink fruit in Panxi restaurant.
It makes sense to choose Panxi restaurant for morning tea. Panxi Restaurant is located in Xiguan, where not only the scenery is beautiful, but also a food garden with various domestic and foreign cuisines and different flavors, and a holy place for drinking morning tea.
The exterior wall of Panxi Hotel is plastered with white tiles and planted with green banyan trees. The dark green gold plaque on the gate was left by Mo Bao Mayor Zhu Guang. The layout of the restaurant is tortuous and rich in layers, and several groups of gardens show the wisdom of the nation.
Water chestnut cake is made by grinding water chestnut into pulp or steaming water chestnut powder with sugar. Horseshoe cakes steamed with horseshoe powder produced in Pantang are the best in history. Its color is beautiful, crystal clear, smooth and sweet, and it is one of Guangzhou people's favorite breakfasts. Pantang is near the Panxi Hotel where the old Lai Chi Wan is located. Pantang Wu Xiu (including horseshoe, reed, bamboo shoot, lotus root and water chestnut) is produced in this area. Water chestnut cake varieties include transparent water chestnut cake, raw ground water chestnut cake, fried water chestnut cake, Yuanyang water chestnut cake and tricolor water chestnut cake.
In addition, Panxi also has a special snack, which is Ya 'e's "powder fruit". According to legend, Yae was the concubine who made snacks for her master in the late Qing Dynasty. After the death of the master, she was not allowed to be a big wife and was expelled from the house. In order to make a living, a tea room was set up at the foot of Dexin Bridge in Liwan, and snacks were designed. Mix steamed rice and rice flour evenly to make skin, make stuffing with lean meat, mushrooms, dried shrimps and bamboo shoots, and season with soy sauce. Its color is white, the skin is thin, slightly hard and transparent, and the stuffing can be faintly shaken after steaming. The texture is soft, smooth and tough, and the stuffing is delicious and fragrant, which is deeply loved by customers. The names of "duck and goose powder fruit" or "goose and goose powder fruit" spread like wildfire. It is spread all over provinces, Hong Kong and Macao, and it is still a traditional snack that Guangzhou foodies love.
Bao Hua Noodles Happy Pig Hand Noodles, Shrimp Wonton Noodles.
The most important thing to eat noodles is the soup base. The noodle restaurant introduced itself like this: "Soup is the soul of pasta. This soup is made of pig bones, native fish and fresh shrimp. The materials are exquisite and exquisite, and there are special people to wait on them when making them. Civil and military fires will stay up all night and dare not neglect. The boiled soup is made by carefully filtering, degreasing and adding shrimps. The soup is golden and transparent, thick but not greasy, and rich in nutritional value. The cooked spaghetti is poured into the carefully cooked soup and decorated with a little fresh leek or chopped green onion, which means the aroma is compelling and has a miraculous effect. "
The boss brought Wonton Noodles, his fresh shrimp. You can tell from his posture that the boss is really an expert. You can't see a wonton on the surface, because the wonton is under the noodles, and the bowl used to hold the wonton noodles is open and full, which is convenient for heat dissipation and prevents the wonton noodles from softening because they are soaked in hot soup for a long time. Noodles are slippery and sweet. The boss said it was handmade alkaline water surface. When it was cooked, a little lard was added, which made it particularly slippery when it was eaten.