Tagore was born in Bangladesh. But people agree that he is an Indian. Because when Tai Lao was alive, Bengal was still an Indian province (so Mr. Deng Hui's claim that he was Japanese was well founded). Too old works were originally written in Bengali. It is said that where Bengali is spoken, no one sings his poems every day. However, his poems won worldwide acclaim only after he translated them into English himself. 19 13 was awarded Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore's poems published in English include Gardener, Gitanjali, Crescent Moon, Fruit Picking, Birds, Lover's Gift and Cross. Many of them are written in Bengali. Such as: Sandhva Sangit；; SishnProbhat Sangit Cascini; Carnica; . . . Waited a lot. English poetry is only a small part of it. For example, most of them are from Carnica. Tagore's poems were translated into Chinese in dribs and drabs as early as the May 4th Movement. It was originally selected from the translation of four five-character ancient poems by Chen Duxiu. Secondly, there are four selected versions of Liu Bannong's vernacular Chinese. Sidi translated China's first collection of poems. Since then, various translations, introductions and comments on Tagore's works have appeared constantly, especially before and after Tagore 1924' s visit to China. Since its publication, a kind of short poem expressing leisure has become popular in China poetry circle. Just as Bing Xin did < Spring Water > and so on. Many of them are philosophical, crystal clear and beautiful poems, which have won the love of many people. There are many imitations. Almost influenced a generation of poetic style.
William shakespeare, a great playwright and poet in the English Renaissance, 1 1564 was born in Stratford, Varvik, central England on April 23rd. His father, Jone Shakespeare, is a grocer in wool, leather manufacturing and grain business. His telephone number is 1565.
Shakespeare (1 1) served as the town civil administrator and was elected mayor three years later. When Shakespeare was seven years old, he was sent to a local grammar school, where he studied for six years and mastered the basic skills and rich knowledge of writing. Besides, he also studied Latin and Greek. But because his father went bankrupt, he failed to graduate and embarked on the road of making a living alone. 1577 was picked up by my father from school, and I have to help my father do business for a while. He was an apprentice in a butcher shop, taught in a rural school and engaged in various other occupations, which made him gain a lot of social experience. We have every reason to believe that Shakespeare was extraordinary when he was a student. Legend has it that he worked as a teacher in the countryside when he was young. There are also rumors that he once poached in the land of a rich man named Thomas Lucy and a local administrator, but Lucy's housekeeper found him and he was beaten. Out of revenge, Shakespeare wrote a limerick satirizing the rich. It didn't take long for this poem to spread all over the country. Wherever the rich man goes, someone always laughs at him with this limerick. Thomas squire was very angry and prepared to find a way to punish Shakespeare. Shakespeare was forced to leave Strafford Town and take refuge in London. When Shakespeare lived in a small town in Strafford, he was already very familiar with theatrical performances. There are often some touring troupes performing in Strafford town. 1582, he married a farmer's daughter Anne Hathaway. 1585, he had a son, Hamlet (named after Thomas Kyd's tragic hero Hamlet). 1586 or 1587 arrived in London, when drama was rapidly becoming popular. First, he worked as a groom and handyman in the theater, then joined the troupe, worked as an actor, director and screenwriter, and finally became a shareholder in the theater; He started writing around 1588, first adapting his predecessors' plays, and soon began to write independently. By the end of 1590, Shakespeare had become an actor and playwright in one of the top theatrical troupes in London, which was the "Home Secretary Sacrifice Troupe" run by James burbage. Later, Shakespeare proved to people that he was a down-to-earth and noble man. He became a shareholder in the troupe and soon won the respect and love of his colleagues. At that time, the theater was full of "university talents" with Oxford and Cambridge backgrounds. A famous playwright once wrote an article scornfully mocking Shakespeare, a "vulgar cloth" and a "nouveau riche crow", who dared to be compared with a "noble genius"! But Shakespeare later won the support and love of the audience, including college students' groups. The students performed some Shakespeare's plays at school after school, such as Hamlet and Wrong Comedy. 1597 Go back to your hometown to buy real estate and spend the last time of your life. Although he received a good basic education, he didn't go to college. 1598, F. Mills, a university scholar, listed Shakespeare's plays before the age of 35 in his treasure house of wisdom, praising his comedies and tragedies as "unparalleled" and equal to the first-class drama poets in ancient times. But he never published his own play before his death. The success of writing made Shakespeare win the favor of Lord Southampton, who became his protector. In the early 1990s, Shakespeare dedicated his two long poems Venus and adonis and the Shame of Lucretius to the Lord, and wrote some sonnets for the Lord. With the help of the Lord, Shakespeare entered the aristocratic culture salon, giving him an opportunity to observe and understand the upper class, expanding his life vision and providing a rich source for his later creation. Since 1594, the troupe to which he belongs has been sheltered by the palace minister and is called "the palace minister troupe". 1596, he applied for the title of "gentleman" and the right to own the coat of arms in the name of his father, and bought considerable real estate in three times. 1603, James I succeeded to the throne, and his troupe was renamed "King Sacrifice Troupe". He and the actors in the troupe were appointed as attendants of the court. Therefore, apart from performing on tour, the troupe often performs in the court, and Shakespeare's plays have gained fame in all walks of life. Shakespeare has lived in London for more than twenty years, while his wife has been living in Stratford. He retired and returned to his hometown of Stratford when he was close to his fate (about 16 12). 1665438+On April 23rd, 2006, Shakespeare died unfortunately around his 52nd birthday and was buried in Trinity Church. Leave a will before death. Shakespeare
Shakespeare was a famous homosexual, and all his sonnets were written to his homosexual lover. According to British media reports, a British collector recently reconfirmed the identity of the person in a family oil painting. It turns out that this beautiful "woman" is none other than the legendary gay couple in Shakespeare's works-Henry Riotsley III, Earl of Southampton. Alec Cobb, who discovered this "amazing" oil painting and inherited all the art collections, said in an interview that he always thought that the person in the painting was a lady named Norton since he was a child, because the words Mrs. Norton were written on the back of the oil painting. But a few years ago, an accidental art collector told Cobb that he thought the people in the painting were not women, but men disguised as women. It was not until the beginning of this year that Cobb began to re-examine his true identity. The history of this painting dates back to the end of 16.
In Shakespeare's former residence (20 photos), the Earl of Southampton in the painting wears makeup, lipstick on his lips, exquisite earrings on his left ear and long hair hanging down to his chest at will, which looks quite feminine. The National Trusteeship Association, the authoritative organization of British historical relics, has confirmed that the painting is authentic. This painting was completed from 1590 to 1593, when Shakespeare was living in the house of Earl III of Southampton. Although Shakespeare, a great literary master, married Anna Hathaway, his true sexual orientation has always been a controversial topic in literary critics. The legend that the Earl of Southampton is gay has a long history, and his relationship with Shakespeare is even more confusing. The count once hosted Shakespeare in his apartment, and Shakespeare's famous sonnets were dedicated to a handsome young man who was "as beautiful as a woman". However, some people think that more than a dozen capitals in front of the sonnet are advocating the family line and cannot be understood as being addressed to boyfriends. Many historians have verified that the admiration in Shakespeare's poems is probably aimed at this handsome boyfriend who dresses up as a woman. 16 16 Shakespeare died on his 52nd birthday and was buried in Trinity Church. The day he died was the same as the day he was born. Leave a will before death. His two portraits, which are said to be reliable, are busts in the church and portraits of Droshute. His handwriting has six signatures and a three-page manuscript of Sir Thomas More.
3 Born 1799.5.20 Foster Care 1803- 1807 Street Liegai Apartment Primary School 1807- 18 13 Vendom Church School Middle School18. 8+05- 18 19 Balzac, the father of Paris Law School, is a farmer with changeable temperament. 1789 during the bourgeois revolution, he became a quartermaster of Tours Division, and finally wandered into the banking industry, and his family became richer. 1797, Balzac, who was nearly 50 years old, married 18 years old banker's daughter. This is Balzac's mother-Saranbi. Although Balzac is the eldest son, he seldom gets the warmth of his family. Shortly after his birth, he was sent to the suburb of Tours, raised by the wife of a gendarme and almost forgotten by his family. When he was a little older, he was sent to the church school in Vendom to study and lived a very strict confinement life. The learning system is rigid and serious, and the teachers are ruthless. After returning home, I didn't get the favor of my parents, and I had a lot of eyes and reprimands. Balzac was first afraid of his mother, then indifferent, and finally developed into hatred. He said, "I don't have a mother. She is really bad. " Balzac decided to find his pleasure in the kingdom of books. He said, "Only reading can keep my mind alive." 18 13 Balzac left this school with burnout after the carnival and moved to Paris with his parents in 18 14. In Paris, Balzac worked hard to complete his studies with superhuman endurance and successfully entered the university to study law. As a student, I worked as a clerk in a law firm. This made him realize that Paris is a terrible cave, learned a lot of evils that the law can't cure, and saw the hypocrisy of capitalist law, which provided the best material for his future creation.
youth
Fledgling literature 18 19- 1825 writing popular novels and engaging in industry 1825- 1828 a literary rookie who is engaged in industry and is heavily in debt1828-1. 1820 Cromwell's failure affected his livelihood and his parents gave him an ultimatum. In order to survive, he decided to make a contract with the "devil", made a living by selling literature, and published many "daily consumption" romantic novels. These novels are bizarre, chaotic, shoddy and mediocre, but they are all published under pseudonyms. 1825, he is whimsical again. He cooperated with a publishing house to publish classic works for profit. As a result, he owed more than ten thousand francs. In order to pay his debts, he successively operated a printing factory and a lettering factory. As a result, he was heavily in debt. The heavy debt dashed his young dream forever, and he moved six times to escape the debt. He said to his friends, I often worry about bread, candles and paper. Creditors persecuted me like rabbits. I often run around like a rabbit. However, the businessman lost nothing but money. As writers, they have obtained extremely rich creative materials. 1829 The publication of "Being a Man" in March marked the birth of a great writer. His creation has entered a brand-new period. This is his first successful work written in a realistic way. The works show the talents of great novelists in terms of structure, expression and military details, which lays a solid foundation for Balzac to move towards realism. Since then, from 1830 to 1832, as a rookie in the literary world, he has created 17 short stories in succession, showing amazing creative speed and talent.
old age
1835- 1850 The former residence of Balzac, the literary master.
Members of Writers Association: 1839- 1850 In the following years, there were many excellent works, especially the publication of Gao Laotou, Eugenie Grandet and Disillusionment. Balzac is indisputably among the first-class writers in the history of world literature because of his careful observation of reality, profound exposure of social essence, vivid characterization and superb artistic skills. In the past twenty years, he has published more than 90 works, each of which has been revised and collated repeatedly, and the proof has to be revised more than ten times. Only a system as powerful as his genius can do so much work. Balzac was fifty years old when he died. Because he worked late at night, he had to drink too much coffee and died of blood heat. He once summed himself up in one sentence: "All my life's labor was spent in pain and poverty. Often not understood. "
Marx Marx was born in a lawyer's family in Trier, Prussia Rhine province (now part of the Federal Republic of rheinland-pfalz). The former residence where Marx was born.
His grandfather, Rabbi marc levy, was a Jewish jurist, and his father, Herschel Karl Marx, was later renamed Heinrich Marx (18 17 converted to the Christian Lutheran Sect in February) and was born in 1782. He married a Dutch-born Jewish woman, Henrietta Price, and had many children. However, according to a document identifying the heirs, only Karl Marx and his three daughters Sophia, Emile and Louisa survived. 1830 10 In June, Marx entered Trier Middle School. After graduating from high school, he entered Bonn University, and after 18, he transferred to Berlin University to study law, but most of his studies focused on philosophy. 1840, the new king of Prussia, Frederick William IV, acceded to the throne, persecuted the liberal Democrats, and demanded that all publications must be strictly examined, so the university lost its academic freedom. Professor F. W.von Shelling of Berlin University appointed by the new king will examine Marx's doctoral thesis, but the position that philosophy is higher than theology in Marx's doctoral thesis cannot be accepted by anti-Hegelian professors, so Marx changed his doctoral thesis to Jena, Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. 184 1 year, Marx applied for a degree with his thesis "The Difference between democritus's Philosophy of Nature and Epicurus's Philosophy of Nature", which was unanimously passed by the committee. Without further defense, he successfully obtained a doctorate from Jena University. After graduation, as the editor-in-chief of Rheinische Zeitung, he met the famous "forest theft problem" in the history of Marx's thought development. This matter is the former residence of Karl Marx (Trier)
[1] Well, there are large areas of forests and grasslands in western Germany, where former residents can chop wood and graze. Later, however, some aristocratic landlords occupied this large area of forest and grassland, and residents were not allowed to get close to it. Many residents want to collect firewood in the mountains, but they are considered as "theft". Most residents are dissatisfied, and the German Parliament has to seriously consider these issues. But they only consider the aristocratic landlords, and the result of the consultation is: the behavior of the residents is indeed theft! If it continues, it will be solved by legal means! In this way, the people of the whole country are strongly dissatisfied with the parliament, and people angrily condemn the unfair handling of the parliament. Marx was also very angry, so he wrote a series of articles in Rheinische Zeitung to express his views. In the article, he severely criticized the Prussian government's practice, firmly stood on the side of the people and safeguarded the interests of farmers. The Prussian government was very angry with the opinions published by Rheinische Zeitung. They immediately sent someone to seal up Rheinische Zeitung and forced it to stop printing. In a rage, Marx resigned as editor-in-chief of the newspaper. Marx had no regrets about what he had done. On the contrary, he realized the ugly nature of the reactionary government. He is looking for opportunities to continue his resolute struggle with the reactionary government. 1843, the publishing license of Rheinische Zeitung was revoked by the King of Prussia because Marx published an article in the newspaper criticizing the work of Russian czars Marx and Engels in the editorial department of New Rheinische Zeitung.
The article aroused the dissatisfaction of Russian Tsar Nicholas I. After receiving the Tsar's protest, the King of Prussia ordered the banning of Rheinische Zeitung, and Marx lost his job. During this period, Marx got to know friedrich engels. Engels, the son of a factory owner, appreciated Marx's thoughts very much and often sponsored Marx's activities and living expenses. Marx is serious and rigorous in academic thought, but he is careless in life, and often puts off the manuscript to be published in the newspaper. Engels often assisted Marx in his work and wrote some articles. 1843, 19 In June, Marx married Yan Ni von westfalen, who had been waiting for him for seven years. He was born in 18 14, and was born in a German noble (baron) family. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/843, young Marx and his wife embarked on a journey of exile and came to Paris. During this period, he began to study political economy, French social movements and French history, and eventually made him a communist. 1In September, 844, Engels visited Paris, and they began to study scientific socialism side by side, and forged a profound friendship. The Manuscript of Economic Philosophy written by Marx was not discovered and published until 1933, and it was called 1844 Economic Philosophy Manuscript.
middle age
From 65438 to 0845, Marx participated in Forward Weekly (Vorw? rts！ ), which sharply criticized German absolutism. The Prussian government was very dissatisfied with this and asked the French government to expel Marx. In the autumn of the same year, Marx was beaten by hooligans sent by the French government, deported and forced to come to Brussels, Belgium. 1845 65438+In February, Marx declared his secession from Prussian nationality. Later, together with Engels, he completed German Ideology. The book criticizes Hegel's dialectics and analyzes Feuerbach's incompleteness of materialism, thus systematically expounding their historical materialism for the first time, clearly putting forward the historical task of the proletariat to seize power, and laying a preliminary theoretical foundation for socialism to think about science from nothingness. At the beginning of 1846, Marx and Engels established the Brussels Communist Communication Committee. 1847, Marx and Engels were invited to join the alliance of the just. 1June, 847, the League was reorganized and renamed the Communist League, and Marx and Engels drafted the program of the League-the * * * Declaration. Since then, the 1848 revolution has swept across Europe and Belgium. 1848 In March, Marx was deported by the Belgian authorities. At the invitation of the new French interim government, Marx and his wife returned to Das Kapital in Paris, France.
Engels also arrived in Paris. 1in April, 848, with the support of German proletarians, Marx and Engels returned to Cologne, Prussia, and founded the New Rheinische Zeitung. Subsequently, almost all editors were either arrested by the judicial authorities or deported. 1849 On May 6, Marx received an expulsion order from the Prussian authorities. 19 in may, the last issue of No.301printed in red ink was published. In early June, Marx came to Paris again. He was forced to choose between being imprisoned in Brittany, France, or being deported again. In August, Marx was expelled by the French government and went to London, England. Judging from the report of Prussian spies in Britain that Marx never seems to shave, Marx is still under the supervision of the Prussian government in Britain. In London, Marx spent the most difficult days of his life. In the past five years, three of Marx's four children died because of economic and debt problems, mental anxiety, illness and depression. But during this period, Marx wrote his most important book "Das Kapital" (Volume I).
old age
1On September 28th, 864, Marx attended the inaugural meeting of the First International and was elected as a member of the leading committee. He drafted the Declaration on the Founding of the People's Republic of China, the Interim Constitution and other important documents for the international community. September 1867, The First Volume of Das Kapital was published. The last two volumes were compiled by Engels after the death of Marx and published in 1885 and 1894 respectively. 1870 10 Marx and Engels, who moved to London, once again lived in Karl Marx's cemetery in Haegert, London.
[2] poly. Exiled by many countries, he once called himself a "citizen of the world."