The first volume of the seventh grade history must recite the knowledge points.
The replacement of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties
First, the first country in China's history, the Xia Dynasty, was "the home of the world".
1. Establishment time: about 2070 BC.
2. Founder: Yu
3. Capital: Yangcheng
4. Political system: castles, palaces, armies, criminal laws and prisons.
The reason why Xia Dynasty became the first slave country in China;
1, the Xia Dynasty divided the people by region (Kyushu); Tribes divide people by blood;
2. Establish state institutions that oppress people: army, criminal law and prison;
3. "Hereditary system of the throne" replaced "abdication system" and began to "rule the world"
It should be a kind of social progress that "hereditary throne system" replaces "abdication system" The fundamental reason is the development of social productive forces, which leads to the emergence of private ownership and the emergence of opposing classes.
The reasons for the demise of summer: Xia Jie is autocratic, barren and extravagant, exploiting the people.
Second, the establishment of Shang Dynasty.
In BC 1 and 1600, Shang Tang established the Shang Dynasty, with its capital in Bo.
2. Pan Geng moved the capital: 65438 BC+0300 BC.
3. Politics, economy and culture of Shang Dynasty
Politically: it was one of the countries in the world at that time.
Economically, bronzes are widely used in agriculture, animal husbandry and handicrafts, creating a splendid bronze civilization.
Culturally, Oracle Bone Inscriptions already has the basic form of Chinese character structure, which is a mature writing.
Third, the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty
1. Date of establishment: BC 1046.
2. Founder: Zhou Wuwang
3. Capital: Haojiang (now Xi 'an)
4. Politics and Economy of Western Zhou Dynasty
Politics: enfeoffment system
Agriculture: the variety of crops is increased and artificial irrigation is implemented.
Handicraft industry: fine division of labor (hundreds of workers); Primitive porcelain making is more common.
Construction industry: "tile" began to be used in construction.
Fourth, the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the establishment of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
1, the time of the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty: 77 BC1,the dog army invaded Haojing.
2. Early Eastern Zhou Dynasty: In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved the capital to Luoyi (now Luoyang).
5. What are the similarities between the demise of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties? What can we learn from it?
(1) A barren and tyrannical king will be abandoned by the people.
(2) Rulers should be diligent and love the people, and policies should conform to the wishes of the people; Appoint people on their merits and learn from others.
(3) The more help you get, the less help you lose.
Summary of seventh grade history knowledge points
Economic Development and "Closed Door" in Ming and Qing Dynasties
First, the economic development in Ming and Qing Dynasties
1, import agricultural products from abroad
Corn, sweet potatoes, potatoes, peanuts and sunflowers
2. The cotton textile industry moved from the south to the north.
3. The development of silk industry
(1) Silk Industry Centers: Suzhou, Nanjing
(2) The scale of silk industry: By the time of Qing Dynasty, there were more than 30,000 looms in the silk industry in Nanjing.
4. Ceramic Industry Center: Jingdezhen
5. The commodity economy is unprecedentedly active.
(1) National commercial cities: Beijing and Nanjing.
(2) Merchants in Ming and Qing Dynasties refer to Shanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants in southern Anhui.
Second, the emergence of budding capitalism.
"Machine users contribute, machine workers contribute" first appeared in the textile industry in Suzhou and Songjiang. Machinists are early capitalists, and machinists are early hired workers. The employment relationship between them and the employment relationship are capitalist relations of production.
Third, the "closed door" policy.
1, the reasons why the rulers of the Qing Dynasty carried out the policy of "closing the country to the outside world":
(1) Adhere to the traditional agricultural concept to suppress and restrict the development of private industry and commerce.
(2) China is rich in natural products and does not need to have economic exchanges with foreign countries.
(3) In order to resist the invasion of national territorial sovereignty by western colonialists.
(4) I am afraid that the association between coastal people and foreigners will endanger their own rule.
2. "Closing the door" measures:
(1) The policy of forbidding the sea in the early Qing Dynasty: the coastal residents were moved inland for dozens of miles, and they were not allowed to go out to sea for trade without authorization.
(2) After the reunification of the Qing Dynasty, foreign trade was strictly restricted.
Early stage: four ports were opened as foreign trade ports, and the types of export goods and the load of ships going to sea were strictly restricted.
In the later period, only Guangzhou was opened as a foreign trade port, and it was stipulated that the "Thirteen Banks in Guangzhou" chartered by the government would operate and manage trade in a unified way.
3. The influence of "closing the door"
(1) played a certain role in self-defense against the aggression of western colonialists.
(2) Limited the development of foreign trade and navigation;
(3) Restricting cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries prevents China from mastering the world's advanced ideas, culture and technology, and makes China lag behind the times.
Review method of history in grade one.
First, history learning: seemingly easy but actually difficult.
2, the answer is difficult-the question can be understood, the answer is difficult to do, and it is easy to lose points.
Specific countermeasures:
"Look", see the score clearly, grasp the score point, and be aware of it;
"Second check", according to the meaning of the question, return to the textbook to find relevant knowledge points;
"Three Norms" and the standardization of answer language are the most easily overlooked issues.
3, the difficulty lies in reviewing-a few books, the title is vast, it is difficult to start, and the efficiency is not high.
Specific countermeasures:
The history of civilization: a new perspective of historical review;
Thematic, the general trend of history examination;
Highlight the foundation and reflect the basic ability requirements;
Pay attention to reality and combine hot topics appropriately.
Second, solving historical problems: formulaic mode+divergent thinking
Root cause (root cause)+specific cause+direct cause (the most direct fuse)
Internal reasons (self)+external reasons (others and environment)
Primary cause+secondary cause
Subjective reasons+objective reasons
I. Historical background, reasons and purposes
1, historical background = (domestic+international) (economy+politics+culture+...)
(1) economic background = productivity+relations of production+economic structure+economic pattern+ ...
(2) Political background = political situation+system+system+policy+class+nationality+diplomacy+military+ ...
(3) Cultural background = ideology, religion+science and technology+education+ ...
2. Historical conditions: basically the same as background analysis, with more emphasis on favorable factors.
3. Cause breadth: Cause = subjective (internal cause)+objective (external cause)
4. Depth of cause: cause: → direct → main → fundamental.
5. Contradiction analysis: contradiction between productive forces and relations of production, contradiction between economic base and superstructure, class contradiction, intra-class contradiction, ethnic contradiction, religious contradiction and contradiction between different interest groups. ...
6. Purpose and motivation: → Direct → Main → Fundamental
Second, the historical content = economy+politics+culture+ ...
Historical content is an objective history and an objective record of major historical activities of mankind. The main body of the activity includes important historical figures, groups, organizations and institutions. Activities include economic and political events, situations, systems, policies, programs, routes, plans and treaties; Cultural theory, technology, cultural relics, engineering buildings, books and documents, etc. The general historical content can be analyzed from the aspects of economy, politics and culture.
1, economic content: productivity+relations of production+economic structure and layout+ ...
(2) Modern economy = economic development factors+economic components+international economy+ ...
2. Political content = system+system+policy+class+nationality+diplomacy+military+ ...
3. Cultural content = natural science+social science+cultural exchange+ ...
4. Events and their course: preparation → start → development or twists and turns → success or failure.
Three. Historical influence, significance and lessons
1, nature analysis: task+leadership class+main force+means+result. ...
2. Influence or significance = (domestic+international) (economy+politics+culture)+far-reaching influence. ...
3, judge the success or failure and reasons
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