The intense and fulfilling university life is coming to an end, and the final graduation thesis must be passed before graduation. Graduation thesis is a more formal form to test students' academic performance. How to write a graduation thesis? The following is the method of collecting and sorting out the graduation thesis data I compiled. Welcome to share.

Methods of collecting and sorting out graduation thesis materials

First, the scope of graduation thesis data collection

When writing a graduation thesis, you must have detailed information. To write a paper of about 5,000 words, you may need to collect tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of words. How to accumulate information? Data is the basis of graduation thesis writing. Without data, "a clever woman can't cook without rice", the research can't start, the viewpoint can't be established, and the paper can't be formed. Therefore, detailed possession of information is another extremely important work before graduation thesis writing. Before writing your graduation thesis, you should have at least the following five materials:

First, first-hand information. First-hand materials include written materials and digital materials (including charts) directly related to the topic, such as statistics, typical cases, experience summary, etc. And perceptual materials obtained from personal practice. This is the basic basis of the thesis's arguments and propositions. Without these materials, the graduation thesis will only become empty talk and have no practical value. First-hand information should be collected as soon as possible, and attention should be paid to its authenticity, typicality, novelty and accuracy.

Second, the research results of others. This refers to the latest progress in academic research on this subject at home and abroad. Writing a graduation thesis is not done out of thin air, but on the basis of other people's research results. Therefore, people can take this as a starting point and get useful inspiration, reference and guidance for the problems solved by others. For problems that others have not solved or are not satisfied with, we can continue to study and explore on the basis of others' research. Don't just bury yourself in writing, regardless of other people's research, otherwise the rational understanding of graduation thesis will be far below the previous level.

Third, the materials of marginal disciplines. Today's era is the information age. The human knowledge system is in a state of great differentiation and integration. The gap between traditional disciplines has been gradually broken, and dazzling branches and marginal disciplines have emerged. Mastering the materials of marginal subjects is of great benefit to the subject research and the upcoming subject research. It can broaden our research horizons and make our analysis methods more diversified. For example, learning related topics of economics requires knowledge of management, sociology 1jl, neo-Confucianism, demography and other disciplines. The practice of a large number of research work shows that it is difficult to write high-quality papers without knowing some marginal subject knowledge and mastering some marginal subject materials, and with narrow knowledge and ideas.

Fourth, the related expositions of celebrities and related policy documents. Celebrities' statements are extremely authoritative, which is of great benefit to accurately and forcefully expound the argument. As for the Party's relevant principles and policies, they not only reflect the practical experience of socialist modernization, but also reflect various problems faced in practical work. Therefore, when we study all practical problems, we must have and clarify this material, otherwise there will be statements inconsistent with the party's principles and policies, which will make the paper appear great defects.

Fifth, background materials. Collecting and studying background materials is helpful to broaden the thinking, make comprehensive research and improve the quality of papers. For example, to study Marx's theory of commodity economy, we should not only study his works, but also collect the social, political and economic background materials in which he lived at that time, so as to obtain in-depth research results.

Second, data collection and classification methods There are many ways to collect data. The commonly used methods are as follows:

First, make cards. Collecting data with cards is convenient for classification, storage and search, and can be divided, combined and combined at any time. You can make your own cards or go to the stationery store to buy them. A question is usually written on one card, and too much content can be written on several cards. Of course, in the process of collecting information, whether to make a card can be based on everyone's habits, and there is no need for hard and fast rules.

Second, take notes. It is necessary for any graduation thesis writer to take notes. A good memory is better than a bad writing. When reading books, newspapers, magazines and doing research, you should carry a pen and paper with you, and write down the contents of the information you need at any time, or your own feelings and theoretical views. When taking notes, it is best to set aside one-third of the paper area for writing the understanding, evaluation and experience of relevant excerpts.

Third, cutting and pasting newspapers and periodicals. Cut useful materials from newspapers and publications, or copy them with a copier and then cut and paste them. The advantage of this method is that the materials that should be cut and pasted are classified and pasted on notebooks, loose-leaf papers or cards, which can save the time of writing sand. Whether you use cards to collect data, extract data or cut and paste data, you must indicate the source. If it is a work, it should indicate the author, title, publishing unit and release date; If it is a newspaper, it should indicate the author, article title, edition, registration and publication date; If it is a magazine, please indicate the author, article title, magazine name, volume (issue) number, page number, etc. In order to attach an appendix to the graduation thesis. Don't just leave the collected information behind, read it carefully, classify it carefully, conduct research, and write the paper method 2 of accumulating information.

There are two main classification methods:

First, subject classification. According to a certain point of view, the data are grouped. This "certain point of view" can be a comprehensive point of view or a self-made point of view. For example, in order to study the preconditions for cultivating the construction labor market, the author draws up his own four viewpoints: first, the determination of the market economic system creates an objective environment for the emergence of the construction labor market; Secondly, the formation of construction product market puts forward realistic requirements for the cultivation of construction labor market; Third, the deepening of urban and rural system reform has provided a reliable guarantee for the formation of the labor market; Fourthly, the establishment of the construction labor market is the inherent requirement of the employment particularity of the construction industry. According to these four viewpoints, materials are classified, which makes the understanding of materials deeper, more organized and systematic.

Second, project classification. That is, according to certain attributes, the collected data are classified separately.

Third, how to organize the collected information?

The process of data sorting is essentially the process of data screening, and there are several aspects of work that are indispensable here.

The first is to analyze the applicability of the data. The basis of material selection can only be the central argument that the author wants to clarify. What information is available and what information is not available should be decided according to this central argument. Once the central thesis is determined, it is the commander-in-chief of everything, and the data must obey the commander-in-chief of the central thesis. We can't move some materials that can't fully explain the problem for far-fetched explanations, and we can't stuff all the materials into the article, which makes the article bloated and complicated, but the center is not prominent and expands the length. For example, in the article "Several Questions about the Relationship between Urban Renewal and Landscaping", the author collected a lot of information about the relationship between urban construction and landscaping, but did not collect the information about the relationship between urban construction and landscaping. These unsuitable materials are stuffed into the paper, which leads to the dilution of the paper core and reduces the quality of the paper.

The second is to analyze the comprehensiveness of data. If the materials are incomplete, some materials are missing, and the discussion of the paper is often incomplete and incomplete, there will be bias and loopholes, or it is difficult to justify itself because of insufficient evidence. Take the article "On the Responsibility System of Factory Directors and Workers' Democratic Management" as an example, because the author only collected the information that they are interdependent and mutually promoting, but not the information that they are contradictory, the article was only half done, and the important aspect of how to deal with the contradiction between them was omitted, which greatly affected the quality of the paper.

The third is to analyze the authenticity of the data. Whether the information is true or not is directly related to the success or failure of the paper. Scientific conclusions can only be drawn from real and reliable data. In this regard, we should pay attention to: first, we should respect the objective reality, avoid preconceived ideas, choose data without personal likes and dislikes and prejudice, and do not distort the objectivity of the data itself; Secondly, the selected materials should be well-founded, the first-hand materials used should have sources, and the selected second-hand materials must be carefully checked with the original documents to obtain the greatest accuracy; Third, we should find out the source of information, the political attitude, life background and writing intention of the original author, and objectively analyze and evaluate it. Social science materials should pay more attention to this point.

The fourth is to distinguish whether the material is novel. The so-called novel information includes two meanings: on the one hand, it refers to unprecedented new things, new ideas, new discoveries and new directions, which have only recently appeared. For example, the author of the article "Several Discussions on Stock Cooperative Economy" chose the new trend of rural stock cooperative economy that appeared on the land of China at that time to study. On the other hand, it means that although something has existed for a long time, people have not discovered its value, which is also novel information. For example, in the article "On the Circulation of Population and Economy", the relationship between population and economy has a long history, and there is a virtuous circle and a vicious circle between them. This is also an objective fact. These two cycles will bring two fundamentally different consequences, which people hardly knew before. Now, it is novel data that reveals the consequences of two cycles and illustrates the importance of population control. Therefore, the so-called novelty not only requires the time when the data is generated (not too old), but more importantly, it is necessary to dig out things that others have not used from common data. The fifth is to analyze the typicality of data. The so-called typicality of data means that this material fully represents the rational understanding it proves. Engels' On Authority chose spinning mills, railways and navigation as arguments. The first argument is the most detailed, the second argument is more general, and the third argument is just a slight stroke. Without further elaboration, he explained the problem: "On the one hand, it is a certain authority, no matter how it is caused, on the other hand, it is a certain obedience. Regardless of the social organization, both are necessary for us under the material conditions on which the production and circulation of products depend. " There is not much material, but it has irrefutable logical power. An important reason for this effect is that the materials are very delicate and typical.

Methods and skills of sorting out graduation thesis materials;

1. 1 Extensive collection and reading

The questions raised in the paper should be concentrated, but the materials should be collected as widely as possible. Generally speaking, at least the following three aspects of knowledge and information should be prepared.

1) a special material that can reflect the specific characteristics of the research object itself.

Fully familiar with the object is an indispensable prerequisite for correctly understanding the object. In addition to directly understanding the specific characteristics of the research object itself (through all the works of relevant writers, all kinds of knowledge about the problem, …), we should also grasp all social and historical conditions or spiritual and material factors that can affect the emergence, development and change of the research object. Only by mastering these materials as comprehensively as possible. Doing research can fully reflect the "living soul" of Marxism-a concrete analysis of the specific situation.

2) Theoretical preparation as a clear direction and ideological guidance.

The so-called scientific research is to find out essential and regular things from concrete things and phenomena through correct and rigorous analysis, generalization and abstract work. This work itself must have correct theoretical guidance (professional theory and philosophy as world outlook and methodology). The history of scientific practice and development also tells us that to carry out a research work, we need not only enough professional theories and knowledge, but also the ability to be widely familiar with the theories and knowledge of other related disciplines. Through the mutual infiltration of theories and methods of different disciplines, we can inspire each other (for example, systematically analyze the aesthetic characteristics and social functions of artistic images; Introducing fuzzy mathematics into rhetoric research can often bring new discoveries better; New breakthrough.

3) Other people's views on this issue have been published.

Try to collect information in this regard. Problems that others have solved naturally do not need repeated efforts; Fully absorbing the existing experience of others, or understanding the focus of others' problems, and carefully comparing and studying different viewpoints can not only avoid detours, but also help to find problems. As Sun Tzu's Art of War said, only by "knowing ourselves and ourselves" can we "be invincible".

1.2 Carefully sort out the screening.

To make materials work, we should use scientific viewpoints and methods, make some efforts to analyze and sort out, get rid of the rough and the fine, get rid of the false and keep the true, and make the material system orderly, which is really helpful to analyze and solve problems. Decorative materials generally have the following forms:

1) into the literature index. You can use relevant ready-made materials (library, reference room directory card, newspaper index, etc.). ) according to your own topic.

2) Newspaper clippings, notes and summary cards. The collection and arrangement of such data must be clear. One is to clearly indicate the author, title, source and publication date of each document, and the other is to classify it carefully and reasonably.

3) Memorabilia, chronology or translation chronology. Through the compilation of such materials, the overall impression of the research object can be strengthened, which is helpful to deepen the research on a certain topic and a certain aspect on the basis of a comprehensive understanding.

2 graduation thesis content writing methods and skills

2. 1 paper structure

There is no fixed pattern in the structure of the paper. Generally speaking, it can be divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The function of the introduction is mainly to explain the reasons for choosing the topic, summarize the achievements of predecessors and the problems and disputes left over, and put forward the problems to be discussed and solved in this paper; Text is a process of analysis and demonstration; The conclusion is a summary statement of the whole research results. Before the introduction, some articles also have tables of contents with subheadings and full-text abstracts.

2.2 the role of the outline

The topic has been drawn up and the materials are generally complete. Before writing a paper, you should carefully draft the outline of the paper. The outline also has a process of repeated revision and supplement. This step is done, and the papers are basically written in my mind. A mature outline is helpful to establish the overall concept, start from the whole, examine each part and consider the logical connection between each part. The length of each part should be commensurate with its position and role in the overall situation and avoid unnecessary repetition. It is necessary to highlight the key points and give full consideration to them.

2.3 There should be correct and diverse research and analysis methods.

Novices tend to make the mistake of summarizing more and analyzing less when writing academic papers. He either lists the materials truthfully or draws a conclusion simply and easily, and is not good at fully demonstrating the persuasiveness and profundity of his thoughts and opinions through well-defined and well-founded analysis and argumentation. Here we need to pay attention to the improvement and improvement of research methods or analysis methods. Generally speaking, there are the following types:

1) philosophical method

This refers to how to correctly solve the ontological and general methodological problems in specific research work (for example, from understanding the phenomenon of the object to understanding the essence of the object) according to the understanding of the basic categories of philosophy (phenomenon and essence, existence and movement, cause and result) ...) through materialist dialectics.

2) Historical method

This is a way to emphasize the historical concreteness of the object itself. It requires researchers to be fully familiar with the actual process of the historical development of objective things, master a lot of data, and find out the characteristics and development laws of objective things.

3) Logical method

This requires us to correctly apply the general laws of people's thinking (concept, judgment, reasoning, analysis and synthesis, concreteness and abstraction ...), through the revelation of formal logic and dialectical logic, logically analyze various phenomena of objective things, seek their regular relations, and embody them in theoretical form.

4) Hypothetical method

The so-called hypothesis is not random fantasy and accidental guess, but a forward-looking but yet to be verified new viewpoint based on certain empirical facts and certain scientific theories and with the help of researchers' active association or intuitive feelings. Although it cannot be called a scientific conclusion, it is often the seed of new ideas and theories.

The correct acquisition of scientific research results is often inseparable from the close combination of the above methods in other countries.

2.4 Ways of quoting materials

Materials are the flesh and blood of the article. However, improper quotation and unclear explanation will also affect the quality of the article. There are several ways to quote materials:

1). Record a sentence or a paragraph of the original text, and do not delete or add other contents at will. Put quotation marks before and after. If the quotation is divided into a paragraph, each line has two spaces after other words.

2) General quotation. Say the original intention of the quotation in the author's own language. Don't put quotation marks before and after, and don't use other formats or symbols to highlight.

3) Analysis of references. Break up the quoted content, and naturally mix it with the author's own discussion and analysis. This can avoid making the article appear cumbersome or affecting the unity of style because of too many separate quotations.

;