The north wind was rustling in Deng Baishan, and a China soldier felt hungry for four or five days. He looked at his fingers that had just been frozen off and bowed his head with a sigh. Of course he wants to know when the war will end, but at the moment he is more concerned about whether he can live through tomorrow.
In the distance, Chen Ping turned his eyes away from the soldiers and turned to the envoys around him, carefully telling him the details he should pay attention to. The envoys nodded again and again after hearing this. That evening, the envoys of the Han Dynasty took advantage of the fog and went straight to the Xiongnu camp, offering countless gold and silver to Khan's wife, E Shi, begging her to speak in Khan's ear. As Chen Ping expected, a few days later, Khan listened to E Shi and opened a gap in the encirclement. The Han army rushed down Deng Bai and withdrew to the Central Plains.
From the siege of Deng Bai to the success of the breakthrough, Liu Bang was deeply humiliated? The siege of Baden? It only took seven days before and after, and it soon ended, but it has a long history, and the story of Han Dynasty and Xiongnu has just begun.
1. Liu Bang: Kissing after Deng Baizhi's encirclement
After the siege of Deng Baizhi, Dai Hanwang surrendered to Xiongnu, which made Xiongnu more arrogant and plundered the land of Han people more frequently. In this context, Liu Bang and his advisers deeply realized that Dahan's current national strength was far from enough to completely destroy the Huns, so they did not organize a large-scale counterattack, but took? Grievance? Plans to slow down and kiss.
Kiss, are you there? Xiongnu is strong and Han is weak? In the situation of helpless choice, although it played a certain role in defending the peace of the border areas of the Han Dynasty, but? Weak countries have no diplomacy? Faced with this non-binding contract, Huns often set fire to kill people when the Han Dynasty wanted to abide by it.
This situation has continued since the era of Liu Bang. Emperor Wendi 14 (BC 166) and Xiongnu140,000 rode into Chaonan and Xiaoguan, killed a captain in the north, plundered a large number of people and animals, and even directly threatened Chang 'an. Although the Han dynasty mobilized troops to fight back, its role was very limited, just? Can the expulsion plug be returned, but it won't kill you? . Six years after Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty (BC 158), Xiongnu refused to make peace with the Han Dynasty and sent troops to invade the Han Dynasty. The bonfire leads to Chang 'an, three generals are stationed in the border and three generals are stationed in the capital? . In the face of repeated attacks by the Huns, Jia Yi really couldn't stand it. He wrote to Emperor Wendi, saying that there is no blood relationship between Han and Hungary now. This is obviously a tribute from the Han Dynasty to the Huns, right? Polite? It's a great shame. Emperor Wen of Han certainly knows this, but there are not many things he can change. He just keeps close relations and actively takes measures to strengthen border defense.
After Emperor Wudi ascended the throne, he continued to implement the pro-Qin policy in the early Han Dynasty, and the Xiongnu also increased the frequency of communication with the Han Dynasty. However, behind this apparent peace, a larger-scale armed conflict is gestating.
2. Early period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty: Sino-Hungarian War
After decades of recuperation under the rule of Wenjing, the national strength of the Han Dynasty was unprecedentedly strong, the centralization was further strengthened, and the power contrast between Han and Hungary also changed greatly. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was an emperor with a strong desire for control and conquest. In this case, it is impossible for him not to take large-scale military action.
In the second year of Yuan Guang (BC 133), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty summoned his ministers. We give money and women to the Huns, which is really not thin for them. What happened to them? Bullying others too much, attacking the side many times. Why don't we send troops to attack now? what do you think? ?
I decorated my children well for singles, and money and silk were generous. Khan, stand by. No one's trespassing. I was surprised at the number of borders, and I was embarrassed. Today, if we want to mobilize troops to attack, why? ?
As can be seen from the history books of later generations, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty here apparently sought the opinions of ministers or ministers, but actually just showed himself? Want to transfer troops to attack? Attitude. In view of this discussion, although there are many differences between Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Chen, in the end, Emperor Wu decided to implement the border of dispatching troops. Mayi's plan? . Since then, Sino-Hungarian relations have completely broken down.
In the second year of yuanshuo (BC 127), Wei Qing defeated the Xiongnu king Loufan and Aries and regained control of Xiongnu? Henan land? Han set up two counties, namely, Shuofang and Wuyuan, and raised 654.38 million+people to return to Qin Changcheng. Hands? Henan land? Undoubtedly, it is a heavy blow to the power of the Huns, and it is also a great defeat that the Huns have never suffered since the Han-Hungarian War. Xiongnu Right Wang Xian didn't want to lose Henan land, so? Stealing the national border for Kou, entering Henan again, harassing the north, and killing many officials and people? The competition between China and Hungary is therefore more intense.
In the sixth year of Yuanshuo (BC 123), Wei Qing led 654.38+10,000 cavalry to leave Dingxiang for hundreds of miles to the north, hitting the Huns hard. But in fact, the situation in the Han dynasty was not much better, and the losses were great. There are more than 100 thousand dead horses in the Han army, and the money for soldiers' armor is not enough. .
3. Later period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty: political demands
In the fourth year of Yuanshou (before 1 19), Wei Qing and Huo Qubing led hundreds of cavalry, from140,000 soldiers and horses, divided into two ways, went deep into the desert and attacked Xiongnu in the north. The last duel in Mobei was far from Xiongnu, and there was no Wang Ting in the south. And officially ended, but the perennial campaign caused a serious shortage of materials in the Han Dynasty, and lost more than 100,000 horses back and forth. Without horses, there would be no necessary motivation for war, and without strong motivation, it would be impossible to win the war with the Huns. Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty promptly changed the previous policy of focusing on military strikes in an attempt to bring the Huns to heel through diplomatic channels.
In the following period, the Han Dynasty basically completed the strategic encirclement of the Xiongnu by setting up counties in the northeast and northwest regions, connecting Yueshi and Daxia in the west, and unifying Wusun. At this time, Zhao Xin, the long-term planner of Xiongnu, also died in Yuanfeng three years (before 108). What did the ministers of the Han Dynasty think more about? Huns are weak, but can I obey them? . Therefore, after learning that Xiongnu Khan was going to visit the Emperor in Han Dynasty and sent the Prince as a hostage, the Han Dynasty actually built a residence for Xiongnu Khan and Proton in Chang 'an.
However, the Huns were unwilling to submit to the Han Dynasty, let alone take the prince as a hostage. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng (BC 107), Xiongnu was sent to the Han Dynasty. Your ambassador? On the grounds that Chang 'an was killed (actually died of illness), he sent troops to harass the Han border many times. During the Han Dynasty, he sent generals and generals to Lahu in the east of Shuofang. Two years later, Xiongnu moved its political center to the northwest. Under such circumstances, the Huns also tried to restore the past? Brotherland? Is it obvious that the relationship, not the Han dynasty? Not what the Han Dynasty wanted? Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops three times to attack the Xiongnu in the north. Although the Huns were beaten weaker and weaker, the Han Dynasty was weakened after years of fighting, even to? Halve the hukou? The point is. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ruled for four years (the first 89 years), telling the world and reflecting on past mistakes. From then on, the Han Dynasty treated the Huns. No more troops? .
Throughout the Sino-Hungarian relationship, it has gone through three stages, starting from Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu, to the early period of Emperor Wudi, which is the first stage. The second stage is from the second year of Yuanguang to the fourth year of Yuanshou. Liang Wudi changed the previous policy of hiding relatives, and attacked Xiongnu in the north on a large scale, which weakened the strength of Xiongnu, but the Han Dynasty still failed to bring Xiongnu to heel. The third stage is from the fourth year of founding ceremony in Yuan Dynasty to the fourth year of Zheng Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted a combination of military shock and political appeal to make? Xiongnu south and minister in Han? .