1. It is a discipline to record and explain a series of historical events as human progress.
2. Evolution and origin.
3. Past facts.
History, for short, refers to the history of human society. It is a discipline that records and explains a series of historical events in the process of human activities, and it is also a mapping of the present era in many cases. If it is only summary and mapping, then history as an existence should disappear. The problem of history is to discover the real past constantly, to speak with materials, and how people can become a negotiable problem in reality. [1] History is an extension. History is the inheritance, accumulation and expansion of culture and the track of human civilization.
2. What is the historical origin of multi-sensory training? It was originally designed by Hulsegge & Verheul (1987) for residents with severe and multiple obstacles in Hatenberg Correctional Institution, with the aim of making their leisure places more diverse. The word' Snoezelen' is used to describe this artificially designed place, hoping to convey the relaxed and * * * experience through the layout of Hulsegge. Verheul， 1987).
After "Snoezelen" was introduced to Britain, the British understood its meaning as "multi-sensory environment" and applied it to special education (Davies, 2002).
3. I want to know some history and details of alchemy. Al-kimiya is the thought and ancestor of a chemical philosophy in the Middle Ages and the embryonic form of contemporary chemistry.
Its goal is to convert some basic metals into gold by chemical methods, and to make panacea and elixir. Now science has proved that this method is not feasible.
But until19th century, alchemy was not denied by scientific evidence. Some famous scientists, including Newton, tried alchemy.
The appearance of modern chemistry makes people doubt the possibility of alchemy. Alchemy once existed in Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt, Persia, India, China, Japan, Korea, ancient Greece and Rome and * * * civilization, and then existed in Europe until the19th century-spanning at least 2,500 years under a complex network.
Seeking eternal life is the greatest temptation of all human temptations. Throughout history, human beings hope to live forever and have made various attempts.
In all attempts, the alchemist's fantasy and skills are the most widely used. Alchemy is a name that originated in Europe in the12nd century.
In the eighth century, alchemy really began. Similar to the situation in China, gold production does not occupy an important position. The alchemists pursue medicine, and longevity is their main goal.
Early alchemists lived from the first century to the fifth century. The earliest western alchemy works were written in the name of Democritus (about AD 100).
Western alchemy believes that metal is a living body and gradually develops into perfect gold. This development can be promoted or imitated artificially.
The method adopted is to separate the form or soul of gold and turn it into base metal; In this way, the base metal will have the form or characteristics of gold. The soul or form of metal is regarded as a kind of aura, which is mainly manifested in the color of metal.
Therefore, gold and silver plating on the base metal surface is regarded as a transformation promoted by alchemists. Western alchemy can be traced back to the Hellenistic period, and the earliest and most reliable representative is the Times.
Holmes, who lived from about 350 to 420 AD, believed that there was a substance that could magically change metals as expected. His name for this substance was introduced into Latin from * * *, and it was called "Elixirvitae", which was similar to China's "top medicine"-"elixir".
Another alchemist was an Egyptian priest who lived in Hermes in the 3rd century. As the inventor of all useful skills, Hermes was widely respected and thought to communicate with the Egyptian moon god. Later, he was gradually deified as "Hermes, the triple god", so that his name finally evolved directly into "alchemy"
The alchemist believes that the rectification and purification of base metals in alchemy is a process of perfection through death and resurrection, which symbolizes the perfection of the alchemist's soul through death and resurrection. Therefore, the "elixir" he refined can prolong life, refresh his mind, make him enjoy a happy life, superb wisdom and noble morality, change his mental outlook, and finally communicate with the creator. Needless to say, such a goal cannot be achieved.
The alchemist also understood this, so he "explained" it from various aspects. For example, an alchemy book explains that eternal life is hard to find: "Because it is one of all the blessings in the world, I think it can only be obtained by a very small number of people through the inspiration of God's kind angels rather than personal diligence."
And whether taking "then" can cure the disease and live forever is also deliberately subtle. How do base metals such as lead or copper become gold? Alchemists believe that lead or copper is not as noble and durable as gold because it is defective in nature.
So try to supplement all kinds of substances. Some people think that in addition to the four elements advocated by Aristotle, as the most common common elements of various metals, there are mercury, sulfur and salt.
Lead, copper or gold can be obtained according to the different proportions of these three elements. So they mixed these three elements in different ways and in different proportions, or added some element to the basic metal to test whether it could be made into gold.
In addition, some people believe that there is a mysterious "sacred stone" with incredible power. It can change lead into gold or silver at will.
Although I don't know where this "sacred stone" is, we must find it first if we want to make gold. They call this "sacred stone" the so-called "stone of sages" or "stone of philosophers"
* * * Alchemy embodies a philosophy about essence, which is closely related to Hermes' philosophy in ancient Greece and China's alchemy, as well as the special principle of transforming minerals and metals into gold. In the history of * * * religion, * * * scholars have long argued about the efficacy of alchemy.
Orthodox religious scholars mostly oppose alchemy, while most natural scholars accept the basic view of alchemy, although they don't believe that ordinary metals can be turned into gold. Ibn sina, a famous medical doctor, put forward the theory of metal composition in his therapeutic book, which is based on alchemy.
* * * The earliest alchemist was Prince Khalid Ibn Yejid of Umayyad. At the beginning of the 8th century, alchemy was very popular, and its representative was Jabir Ibn Khayan.
His works "Seventy Books" and "Heng Shu" are regarded as the basic theoretical works of alchemy, and they are the most important documents about alchemy written by * *. * * * Doctor and alchemist Razi is known as the founder of developing alchemy into ancient chemistry.
However, due to the temptation of immortality, it has a broad market. Until the19th century, the possibility of making gold by chemical methods was denied by scientific evidence. Even a great scientist like isaac newton thinks it is worthwhile to make gold through experiments. Many kings in the West, like the emperors in China, are bent on making themselves live longer through alchemy.
For example, King Henry VI of England, King Charles VII of France, King Charles IX of Sweden, King Carl XII of Prussia, King Frederick William I and King Friedrich Wilhelm Ⅱ are all faithful believers in alchemy.