The earliest human origin in Greece can be traced back to the Paleolithic Age (about 12000- 10000 BC). At the end of the Neolithic Age (about 7000-3000 BC), Greek culture reached its peak. Many Neolithic cemeteries have been found in Thessaly, Macedonia and Peloponnesus. The origin of the Bronze Age (about 3000- 1 100 BC) appeared in an urban area of the Aegean Sea (an island of Lemnos). The heyday is in Crete, and mainland Greece and cyclades are in the northeast of Greece, which are also typical areas of cultural development. At the beginning of 2000 BC, an organized court society appeared in Minos, Crete, which led to the appearance and development of early characters. Focusing on Knossos Palace, Minos people created a contact network with the people of the Eastern Mediterranean, and they accepted the cultural elements of the people of the Eastern Mediterranean, which had a decisive influence on the cultures of the Greek mainland and Aegean islands. Mycenae in the Greek mainland took advantage of the serious losses caused by the eruption of santorini volcano in Crete (about 1500 BC) and emerged as the overlord of the Aegean Sea during 1 100 BC. The castles built by Mycenae in Mycenae, Tirins, Pailos, Thebes, Guerra, Athens and Orcos constitute the central hegemony of Mycenae. The greatest destruction of Mycenae occurred around 1200 BC, which led to the decline of Mycenae civilization and a large number of immigrants moved to Asia and the coast of Cyprus (the first Greek colony). About two centuries later, there was a period of economic and cultural decline, that is, the so-called dark period (BC 165438+ BC 050-900), followed by the geometric period (BC 9-8), which was also the beginning of the Greek civilization period. The period of Greek civilization is marked by the establishment of the Greek city-state, the creation of Greek letters and the writing of Homer's epic (the end of the eighth century BC), and then the ancient period (the seventh century BC-the sixth century BC) is an era of great social and political changes. At that time, the colonial area of the Greek city-state was very wide, with Spain in the west, the Black Sea in the north and North African countries in the south, which laid the foundation for the heyday of ancient times. Ancient times (5th-4th century BC) were characterized by the cultural and political advantages of Athens. That the late 5th century BC was called the "golden age" of Pericles. In 404 BC, the Peloponnesian War ended with Athens losing its rule. In the 4th century BC, new forces appeared. Philip II and his sons Alexander and Macedonians began to play leading roles in Greece. Alexander's eastward expedition and conquest of the area near the Indus River changed the world pattern that has been formed today. Because of Alexander's death, the empire he established fell apart among his descendants, which led to the prevalence of the establishment of independent kingdoms in the late Greek era (3rd century BC to 1 century BC). During this period, Greek cities still retained some autonomy, but they lost many of their previous rights and prestige. In BC 146, Rome occupied Greece and eventually incorporated Greece into the territory of the Great Roman Empire. During the period of Roman rule (BC 1 century to the 3rd century AD), most Roman emperors were admirers of Greek culture and promoted the development of Greek cities, especially Athens, in a friendly way. Through the missionary Paul's trip in BC 1 century. Christianity, a new religious belief, has gradually developed throughout Greece. Nowadays, many visitors to Greece can see the "handprints" of Greek history from Paleolithic to Roman times in hundreds of archaeological remains, which are distributed in archaeological museums and collection room in various parts of Greece. Constantine decided to move the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople (AD 324), thus transferring state power to the eastern part of the Empire. This move marked the beginning of the Byzantine Empire in Greece. 1204 years later, Constantinople was captured by the fourth Crusader, who abandoned parts of Greece because Venetians thought that the Aegean Sea occupied a strategic position (island or coastal city) to control trade routes. 1262 The recapture of Constantinople marked the existence of the last stage of the imperial era. From14th century, the Turkish nation gradually began to occupy a part of the empire, and Constantinople was captured by the Turks in 1453. 1669 Crete is the last part of Greece that the Turks will occupy. Crete was occupied by Turks in the next four centuries until the Greek War of Independence broke out in 182 1. From the Byzantine period to the Turkish Empire, many historical sites have been preserved, such as Byzantine and post-Byzantine churches and monasteries, Turkish architecture, charming Byzantine and French castles, various historical sites and so on. , have retained their own style. 1830 the result of the Greek war of independence marked the formation of an independent Greek kingdom, however, its land area was very limited. /kloc-From the end of 0/9 to the beginning of the 20th century, with the increase of Greek population, the territory of Greece gradually became complete. From 65438 to 0920, the territory of Greece was expanded to the maximum extent after World War I, and the contribution of Prime Minister Veneros was outstanding. At the end of World War II, Greece merged with the Dodd-kanis Islands in its present form. 1974, after seven years of dictatorship, the country changed from a constitutional monarchy to a national republic. 198 1 year, Greece became a full member of the European Community.