First of all, the radical behavior in the process of the French Revolution and the cold reality after the revolution shattered the good promises of "rational country", "fraternity society" and "lasting peace" made by rationalists in the18th century, which made people from all walks of life who were deeply desperate for reality generally doubt and dislike rationalism and the democratic system it preached, and aroused people's nostalgia for the medieval patriarchal clan system. At the same time, the excessive non-Christian movement in the Great Revolution also aroused people's religious sentiment. All these provide fertile soil for the spread and spread of romanticism.
Secondly, the French Revolutionary War, which began in 1792, spread to the whole of Europe in the Napoleonic era, which led to the rise of nationalism in European countries, making people no longer believe in the "cosmopolitanism" mentioned by rationalists in18th century, so romantic national sentiment quickly replaced the popular concept of "the consistency of human nature in the world" in18th century.
Finally, the dramatic changes in the situation during the French Revolution and the drastic changes in European society caused by it have prompted changes in people's way of thinking. Rationalism is metaphysical and lacks a sense of history. It is the product of relatively slow social and historical development. The French Revolution greatly accelerated the process of historical development, eliminated the feudal system that lasted for thousands of years in a generation, and greatly changed the social outlook of the whole of Europe. For the first time, thinkers and historians can witness the beginning and end of great social changes and experience the "development" and "connection" of social history, which is unimaginable for people in the18th century. As Tie Ye said: "Every child in the19th century knows better than Voltaire what is uprising and conquest, what is the disintegration of the empire, what is the overthrow and restoration of the dynasty, and what is the democratic revolution and the ensuing reaction". All these have prompted people to abandon the anti-historical and metaphysical thinking mode of rationalists and start to pay attention to the past with a historical and developmental perspective, thus paying more attention to the study of specific historical processes.
From this, it can be seen that after entering the19th century, the romantic trend of thought has swept through all fields of ideological culture and social life fiercely, precisely because it has adapted to the psychological needs of different social classes in Europe and has a broad social foundation.