Recently, the article "Drawing Pingtan Historical Map with Ship Surveying and Mapping" written by Mr. Xu from Fujian Academy of Social Sciences is a precious overview of Pingtan Historical Map in Qing Dynasty. Through the historical map of Pingtan, readers can understand the historical pulse of Haitan Island to some extent. As Mr. Xu said, exploring the evolution of Pingtan's historical map is helpful to understand the historical development of Pingtan and is a new exploration of Pingtan culture. Lai Min, deputy director of Pingtan County Science, Technology, Culture and Sports Bureau and researcher of literature and history, thinks so. "xu teacher's" Overview of Pingtan Historical Map "is a precious material of Pingtan historical map and a new annotation to Pingtan history, which plays a very important role in promoting cultural exchanges and historical traceability between Lantai and Taiwan." Today, the newspaper "White Customs" is published (the title has been changed) for readers. Ming Dynasty: Pingtan County was located in Haitan Island at the end of the dynasty, which was the largest island in Fujian. The name of Haitan can already be seen in historical geography works since Tang and Song Dynasties. However, due to the mistakes of officials of Fuzhou Health Center in the early Ming Dynasty, it was classified as a remote island, which led to the distortion of most charts related to Pingtan in the Ming Dynasty. Scholars in the Qing Dynasty paid attention to the practical learning of "applying the world to practice", so the Pingtan map in the Qing Dynasty was better. However, it was not until Mawei Shipping Administration was established and a group of students who knew modern navigation technology were trained that Fujian had a more accurate coastal map, such as Pingtan map. There is such a record in Yuanhe County Records in the middle Tang Dynasty: "Changle County (Xibaili) is the land of Sui and Min Counties. Wude lived apart for six years. ..... Haitai Mountain, 120 miles east of the county seat, the mountain is in the sea, and it returns to 300 miles a week. " Among them, "Haitan Mountain" should be the future "Haitan Mountain". Yuanhe County Records is a part of Yuanhe County Records. From its name, we can know that besides the records of Yuanhe county, there is also a map of Yuanhe county handed down from generation to generation, which belongs to the "Fuzhou map" and will definitely draw a map of Haitan Island. Otherwise, there would be no "sea discipline" in Yuanhe county. Unfortunately, the map of Yuanhe county has been lost, and people today can't get a glimpse of its true image. In the map history of China, not only the map of the Tang Dynasty was lost, but also the map of the Song Dynasty was rarely left. Books such as Changle Tujing and Fuqing Tujing, which were once necessary materials for all the yamen in Fuzhou, are no longer available. Today's maps involving Haitan Island began in the Ming Dynasty. An important problem in the drawing of coastal defense map in Ming Dynasty. In April of the twentieth year of Hongwu (1366), Zhu Yuanzhang sent Jiang Xiahou and Zhou Dexing to Fujian to rectify the coastal defense, "moving to the coastal new city of Fujian's isolated ocean island and working as a farmer." The relocation of coastal islands in Fuzhou is under the responsibility of Li Yi (or Yun as Fuzhou garrison commander) of Fuzhou Garrison. There are many coastal islands in Fuzhou, most of which are not among the relocation targets. It seems that Yi Lee took the money and released these islands. Only Haitan is a big island, close to the mainland. Islanders think Haitan Island will never be the object of moving to the island, so they don't pay enough attention to Li Yi's bribery. "Min Shu" records: "In the middle of Hongwu, the emperor sent Jiang Xiahou to take charge of coastal defense, and Hou transferred Fuzhou Youwei to command Li Yi. The Yi people are greedy for bribes, while the people who own Yanglin (or Yanglin) are Ren Xia and Anger. People in the province are all driven by Yi people. Easy to get angry, so I drew a picture of this mountain, which is a tiny island, connected to Ryukyu for one day and one night, and connected to Zhendong for three days and three nights. The inspector only painted a village, and the smoke pier was eliminated. " As a result, Haitan Island was included in the migration target. One day, the Ming army suddenly landed on Haitan Island and ordered the residents to move to the mainland within three days, otherwise it would be regarded as pirates and put to death! The locals crossed the sea in a hurry and more than half died. In the first year of Yongle, Li Yi, who had been promoted to commander of Fujian sea patrol, committed a crime and was imprisoned. Yang Lin, a scholar of Haitan, risked his life to write a letter to the capital to expose the incident that Li Yi killed tens of thousands of Haitan people. Yi Lee committed suicide when he heard the news. Yang Lin was put into prison in 18 and was not released until Xuande. The coastal defense map of Fuzhou drawn by Li Yi, as an official map, has always influenced the map of the Ming Dynasty for hundreds of years. For example, there is no Haitan Island in Zheng He's nautical chart. Haitan Island is often depicted as a remote island in other coastal maps of Fujian. The Complete Map of Fujian Coast in Wang Qi's Three Talents Map in Ming Dynasty shows Haitan Island in the lower right corner of the whole map, which is located in the northeast of Penghu Island. It is very small, close to Ryukyu (this picture shows Taiwan Province Province) and far from the mainland. As far as maps are concerned, it is "reasonable" to move islanders to the mainland. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng Ruozeng and Hu Zongxian drew charts, among which the Sand Map of Coastal Mountainous Areas in Fujian painted "Haitan Mountain". But in this picture, Haitan Mountain is far from Wan 'an Station in the Mainland, and the upper right corner is small. There is also a map that connects Haitan Island and Fuqing County. The famous mountain map of Fujian attached to the book published by Huang Zhang in the forty-first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, in which Haishan Town should be Haitan Island, but its land is connected with Xinghua House, which makes people mistakenly think that it is a town on land and by the sea. In fact, the map of Haitan Mountain in the Ming Dynasty was only drawn by Chen Zushou, director of the Ministry of War in the late Ming Dynasty. This book was published in the ninth year of Chongzhen, and the author was Chen Zushou, then the minister of war. The map he published should have used a lot of historical materials from the Ministry of War. This picture reminds me that although the historical data about the ocean in the folk maps of the Ming Dynasty are often wrong, the Ministry of War still has relatively reliable historical data. On this picture, there is a place called "Dahushan" between Plum Blossom in Changle and Rinan Island. As we all know, there is a Pingtan Town in the middle of Haitan Island, and the origin of Pingtan Town's name should be related to the existence of a big lake on the island. So this big lake mountain should be Haitan Island. Although its area on the map is smaller than the actual area, officials of the Ming Dynasty marked Haitan Island on the Taiwan Province Strait, not far from the mainland. In the Ming Dynasty, Fujian Province had Haitan Town on the island, which belonged to Zhendong Town, Fuqing County. Near Zhendong Town is Wan 'an Station, and the sea of Wan 'an Station is a certain distance away, which is the "Great Lake Mountain". If you look at this map carefully, you will find it everywhere. For example, Meizhou Island, known as the "Palace Front", should be on the south side of Rinan Island, not closer to Wan 'an House than Haitan Mountain, and Baigou Mountain should be on the south side of Minjiang Estuary, but all this cannot be explored. It is not easy to reach the present level. Qing Dynasty: Due to the careful surveying and mapping by the garrison, Haitan was one of Zheng Chenggong's base areas in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Ming and Zheng armies were stationed here and often sent troops to attack Fuzhou, which was a big trouble for the Qing army. Haitan Island was also the primary goal of the Qing army to attack the Ming and Zheng armies. In the 19th year of Kangxi, Wan Zhengse led the Qing navy to fight against the Ming and Zheng armies in Zhengjing. He first defeated Ming and Zheng Shuishi in Haitan, then went south to southern Fujian, and soon conquered important islands such as Jinmen and Xiamen. Therefore, after the Qing army unified Taiwan Province Province, Haitan Town was taken as an important garrison and a map of Haitan Island was carefully drawn. Modern times: Surveying and mapping makes maps accurate. Mawei shipping administration was established in Fujian in modern times, so it has more accurate European surveying and mapping technology. The students of Mawei Ship Administration sent by the government have drawn many maps of Fujian, among which the part about Haitan Island is quite accurate, reflecting the progress of cartography technology in China. Pingtan county was established in the first year of the Republic of China, and the towns and villages under Pingtan's jurisdiction have been greatly adjusted since then. Around 194 1 year, three towns were set up on Pingtan Island, namely Suao Town, Songbailan Town and Kundong Town, among which "Songbailan" and "Kundong" disappeared in later maps, making it unclear where they were. This map of the Republic of China clearly indicates the locations of "Songbailan" and "Dongkun". Recently, there is a popular saying on the Internet that "there is a picture with the truth". The historical map of Pingtan above lets us know the historical truth of Haitan Island to some extent. Exploring the evolution of maps in Pingtan's history is helpful to understand the clues of Pingtan's historical evolution and the emergence of Pingtan Special Zone.